All things remember what they once were. The imprint of history is found everywhere. A desert that was once a forest still carries within it the memory of tall trees. A house inhabited for many years may seem in time to come alive with the lingering presence of all those who once lived there. This much is commonly known to be true, and indeed is the foundation of a considerable amount of magic theory. A transmuter can coax a broken object to remember being unbroken, and become that way again. A diviner can call up the memory of battle and death still recalled by a peaceful field now long overgrown.
The notion that this might apply to some aspects of necromancy has long been theorized, but research into the subject remains limited due to the taboo nature of necromancy in many cultures, along with myriad ethical and practical concerns. By far the most extensive study into the matter is that undertaken by Zela ‘Fingerbones’ Cellai Toolin-Jasper and Quixil ‘Crowfeather’ Umish Leddly Tanner Blych, Gnomish scholars of necromancy at the college of Greenspark. Zela, Quixil, and their research assistants carried out extensive experimentation on a set of seven cadavers which had been willingly left to the college to be used in magical research. Over a study period of six months, the team cast Speak With Dead on each of the cadavers several times, asking a wide range of questions. Cadavers were asked to identify researchers, objects placed near them, or other cadavers; asked to recall recent events or to recall what questions they had been asked previously; asked questions about the afterlife; and asked a variety of subjective questions such as "How do you feel?" "Do you like [x]?" "What do you think about [x]?" Finally, Quixil himself temporarily died, had Speak With Dead cast upon him, and was then revived with Raise Dead and questioned as to whether he had any memory of the experience.
The results were outlined in a landmark paper published by Zela and Quixil. They concluded that although the cadavers appeared to retain memory and personality from their lives, this was in truth only a facsimile. The cadavers were unable to react to new information or stimuli; they could answer how they had felt about something in life, but if asked to respond to something they had only "encountered" after death, they were unable to do so. They lacked the ability to speculate or theorize not only on future events, but on past ones as well; when the cadavers were moved to a new room before questioning, and then asked to speculate on how they had gotten there, none of them could respond. Upon being returned to life, Quixil had no recollection of the Speak With Dead spell, and could not recount any of the questions he had been asked. The researchers thus speculated that the spell Speak With Dead does not return the soul to the body in any form, but rather draws upon the corpse's own 'memory' of being alive.
"All living things leave an impression of themselves upon the world as they pass through it," Zela writes in the paper. "Where else should this impression be strongest but upon the vessel in which a life was housed? Yet this does not mean that the impression is like unto a person itself. Rather, we may conclude that the impression of life we see upon casting this spell is an image of the person, captured in time. If a portrait is painted of a person, we do not say that the portrait is the person, or that it contains their soul. What spoke to us from those cadavers was in essence nothing more than a painting--simply a painting done on a canvas the dimensions of which we can not yet fully observe."
The paper rocked the world of magical academia upon publication and has since been banned outright in twelve countries and denounced as high blasphemy by the churches of thirty-seven different gods. It was hailed as groundbreaking by some academics; others allowed that the experiment was legitimate but criticized the methods, or the conclusion, or both. The chair of the necromancy department at the Academe Arcanum acknowledged that the results were interesting, but claimed that the experiment lacked a solid enough basis in accepted magical theory. The paper continues to be the subject of intense debate, much to the delight of Zela and Quixil.