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@phonaesthemes
what's your favorite phoneme?
@favorite-phoneme-creature
the ones i can't pronounce. call it a love-hate relationship but i have never been able to manage an alveolar trill and im never not going to be sad about it
ɥ is a nice one too
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an idiosyncrasy of serbian as it is spoken in contemporary belgrade (or, at least, the register that may be tendentiously called “multicultural belgrade serbian”) is a “lazy” pronunciation of /e/ in stressed syllabes: i hear it as a near-open [æ], though i’ve also heard [ɛ̯ɐ], mainly in marked speech that also breaks stressed /o/ into [ɔ̯ɐ]. now. while ppl feigning autochtony to a city inhabited solely by expats since the 1450s may disagree, i personally support contemporary serbian’s endeavour to reinvent western romance
I see the Serbs (like always) are following the Russians in the march towards a vertical vowel system. Clearly it's due to Circassian contact.
/ˈfsʲa ɕəstˈlʲəvəjə sʲəˈmʲa pəˈxʷaʒə ˈdɾʷək nə dɾʷəˈga | ˈkaʒdəjə nʲəɕəstˈlʲəvəjə sʲəˈmʲa nʲəɕəstˈlʲəvə pəsfəjəˈmʷə/
what's this vertical vowel system you mention :) ?
You mean you don't know?
Here's a relevant section from Colarusso's Kabardian grammar. There's a lot more vowels phonetically but that can pretty much always be derived
Systems with similar limited contrasts are also found among Ndu languages of New Guinea and Arandic languages of Australia; Foley's analysis of Yimas phonology in his grammar comes close to analysing it as a vertical system, while I get the impression that some parts of Chadic (e.g. Margi) also exhibit tendencies in this direction.
More thoughts on vertical vowel system typology will be provided upon prompting.
because we're writing-brained we think of french words as having "silent letters" which are sometimes "not silent" when followed by a vowel in the next word (liaison). but of course a french child is not learning their basic vocabulary from reading, theyre hearing the words and mimicking. and i guess the human brain is just totally willing to accept that sometimes a given unit of meaning has an extra sound at the end, depending on what comes before or after it. i mean i know phonology depending on environment is one of the main linguistics things but its weird to see it so *discrete* and *explicit*, its not just subtle influence, its a whole consonant popping up out of nowhere.
the general term for this kinda thing is sandhi, american english lacks it but apparently the british have it re: rhoticity sometimes. but r is weird. so idk if it counts. anyway sandhi includes general influence from outside words and im much more interested in the sudden appearance of a phoneme, it's weird to me that our minds are okay with storing two phoneme-strings for the same word. maybe in some sense one really does think of the phoneme as "always being there" and just being silent most of the time
the weird thing about linking-r to me in british is that it's not a historical remnant of anything. it's one of the very few examples i can think of where a sound gets added to a word ex nihilo (another might be the p at the end of words like "yep").
Adding sounds ex nihilo is called epenthesis and it's a very common sound change, maybe one of the most common. Many languages have epenthetic vowels that break up disallowed consonant clusters, or epenthetic consonants that break up vowel clusters (this is the case in English dialects that have linking-r, it breaks up vowel hiatus at word boundaries). Old Japanese also had epenthetic /r/ between vowels, word-internally, which is now fossilized in conjugation and is why so many Japanese verbs end in -ru. Some languages break up vowel hiatus with a glottal stop, etc.
What makes French interesting, of course, is that liaison can't be analyzed as a synchronic case of epenthesis, because the vowel that's added isn't predictable from the phonological environment, it's lexically determined. This means you either have to include that vowel in the underlying (phonemic) representation of the word and posit a deletion rule, and you have to resist analyzing it as a synchronic phonological phenomenon at all and say that it's purely morphological; each lexeme just has two forms that surface in different environments. I think the latter analysis probably hews closer to the cognitive reality but either analysis is formally valid.
yeah i guess i was thinking of epenthesis at the end of words, where it's not breaking up a cluster or anything, which seems rather less common than other kinds? or maybe it's more common than i realize
Epenthesis to break up hiatus between words seems relatively common; that's where you get "an apple" and stuff like that.
French feels like a very orthographically-oriented language in general, but you do see extraneous "incorrect" epenthesis there via pataquès, where people expand the most common or phonetically simplest liaisons to situations where they facilitate speech but don't apply morphologically. You also see some epenthetic glides, like pronouncing créer as /kʁeje/ instead of /kʁee/. These are all considered "wrong", but it requires constant scolding to keep them from becoming dialect features.
The interesting feature of the "hidden" French consonants that you just have to know is that a lot of nouns and adjectives have a liaised form where it reappears, but then also have a nearly-identical feminine form where it's voiced without liaison. I suppose this helps people remember what the consonant is, and it seems to be the origin of the convention that liaison is not performed after singular nouns (where it would make them sound feminine, unlike the plurals where the plural marker is what liaises).
Liaison errors are perceived in the same way as omissions of disjunction, suggesting an "uncultivated" speaker or extremely informal speech. Such an error is sometimes called cuir (‘leather’) when the inserted consonant is /.t/, velours (‘velvet’) when it is /.z/, although dictionaries do not all agree on these terms
Per @discoursedrome,
that's where you get "an apple" and stuff like that
This is actually not epenthesis—an is etymologically equivalent to one, but the vowel developed differently due to the lack of word stress. The other form of the indefinite article, a, actually shows an irregular change of final consonant loss preceding a word-initial consonant.
Huh, you're right! Same thing with mine and thine, even though those did not mean "one" -- it's regular at least in the sense that they all changed in the same way.
Oh shit, maybe it is regular—loss of final /n/ preconsonantally in unstressed monosyllables? @ukfrislandembassy do you have any idea?
Also, a correction: I kept saying "vowel" when talking about liaison but of course it should have been "consonant".
Final /n/s in unstressed syllables in English generally don't fare well, see also the loss of infinitive, plural and weak noun inflections in -en. It's not an exceptionless sound change as evidenced by forms like oxen and written but it's pretty general. With the indefinite article I think it's probably pertinent that it's a prenominal element and therefore would 1 be syllabified as an onset before vowel-initial roots and 2 this alternation would be consistently applied to particular lexical items in this construction, hence the who business of nadder > adder and ewt > newt.
Intrusive r isn't really "ex nihilo", it's reanalysis. In words like "color" that have a historical r, the r was preserved before vowels, e.g., "color of" or "coloring" would retain the r. However, later generations learning English would encounter a situation where, synchronically, there appeared to be a rule arbitrarily adding -r- to some words but not others. E.g., "color of" would have an -r- but "idea of" would not. While there's a clear historical reason for that, for language learners, words like color and words like idea would all seem to be in the same category of "words ending in a vowel", with some arbitrarily taking an -r- before vowels and others not, and so they took this r-insertion rule and extended it to all vowel-final words
I suspect -n in plural forms might've preserved it to maintain the distinction between singular and plural forms. While the only surviving forms in present-day English (oxen, brethren, children) would still retain their distinctiveness without the /n/ (*oxe would end up homophonous with ox, but the loss of the final vowel would presumably post-date the loss of /n/), there were historically a number of other words that took -n in the plural that would become homophones if n were dropped, e.g., eye/eyen or shoe/shoen. So the need to maintain a clear distinction between singular and plural might've exerted enough pressure to keep the -n in that paradigm, whereas for the infinitive there would be no loss of information with -en becoming silent. That doesn't really explain why it was retained for the past participle, though. The loss of -n would merge simple past and past participle for some verbs like broke/broken, but there wouldn't be any ambiguity there, so the preservation of the past participle -en would require a different explanation
full frontal vowel nudity
someone on reddit shared texts of her and her husband's exclusive english dialect and it's beautiful
a linguist is analyzing it
official linguistics post
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I do think the ability to emoji-react is a net win for human communication. not only does it give you an outlet for 'I see and acknowledge this but don't have a verbal response' but it also adds a pleasing alethiometer element to things
my coworker announces that he's off to the dentist. someone reacts with a tooth emoji. is this a statement of dentist solidarity? a wish for my coworker to return with more (or fewer?) teeth than he set out with? simple word association? who can say
OP: How to create floating Chinese shufa/calligraphy (cr夏末）
so it has
i rehearse this like a monologue for an audition that’ll change my life
i hate it when people mistake "etymology" with "entomology." like, i know where they coming from but it still bugs me
the word eschew exists because somebody sneesed very loudly
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ok i absolutely need to know what accents u all have pls reblog and tell me or comment or whatever I must know
(via @culmaer )
Something I've noticed in my (mostly SSBE) is that some lexical items contains old RP "triphthongs" are more prone to breaking into two syllables than others, to the extent that some are almost exclusively heard with two syllables whilst others are frequently long monophthongs (with occasional breaking to two syllables when subject to sentence-level stress)
As far as I can tell this seems to be a spelling pronunciation thing, with the words that are more frequently bisyllabic having "visually" bisyllabic spellings
As an example, I have a partial split between flour & flower (which are historically a single word even though the different senses have different spellings, and afaik are not pronounced differently in any significant variety) where flour exhibits the usual alternation of mostly long monopthong /æ:/ in rapid speech but sometimes bisyllabic /æʊ̯ə/ when subject to strong stress at the sentence level whilst flower has the exceptional pattern of being bisyllabic /æʊ̯ə/ except in very rapid speech and in especially unstressed position in the sentence
This phenomenon appears to be fairly consistent across the lexicon (and I learnt to read early enough that such systematic spelling pronunciation isn't as surprising as it might normally be thought), but I'm not sure it is here.
So we might expect such a distinction to exist here too, but afaict I don't have it. In both cases though, whilst historically it should go back to old triphthongs /ʊu̯ə̯/ & /eɪ̯ə̯/ they seem to have been reassigned to the FORCE and SQUARE lexical sets, as if they went back to /ɒə̯/ & /eə̯/, and so exhibit a stable single syllable with no bisyllabic by-form.
A new study shows growing acceptance of Singlish as a key part of Singaporean identity and culture, reflecting an ‘evolution of attitudes’.
"Singlish combines Singapore’s four official languages – English, Mandarin, Malay, Tamil – as well as dialects such as Teochew, Hokkien and Cantonese.
The language, which has its own grammatical structure and distinctive pronunciation, does away with most prepositions, verb conjugations and plural forms. For example, “Why are you behaving like this?” is translated to “Why you liddat?” in Singlish.
The country’s leaders had in the past tried to stamp out Singlish with various initiatives and calls to action, but linguistic experts said such efforts eased as Singaporeans adopted the ability to code-switch when needed."
why indeed
hard at work making phonetics worse
this is amazing actually
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it's called a letter because you write it using letters sometimes
I pronounced sanguine wrong while talking to my TES friends, and now they won't stop mocking me. How can I exact revenge on them
you can just... hold up, im distracted because i keep imagining you pronouncing sanguine like linguini
