Shakespeare's Bohemian Rhapsodist
Joachim Gaunse was a Bohemian Jewish metallurgist whose innovative copper smelting technique was significant in England's victory over the 1588 Spanish Armada.
Gaunse (perhaps originally Gans) was also the first Bohemian (Czech) or Jew to visit the New World  and becamethe putative model for 'Joabin' in Sir Francis Bacon's philosemitic novel, New Atlantis. Â
How could Shakespeare, surely eager to imitate the success of Christopher Marlowe's hatefest, The Jew of Malta, resist adding his own nuanced gloss on a subject that was so seriously important to the Elizabethans, that to be non-Christian - or not one of the right denomination - was to blaspheme; to be an enemy of both the State and of God and so face possible torture and public execution. Â
I reflect on this against the backdrop of a recent UK feminist production of The Merchant led by a Jewish actress who loathes the play, alongside ever-escalating global Jew hate and the cavernous rift in Israeli society caused by the fight for 'compassionate' democracy versus unyielding legalistic judicial reform.Â
Hey ho!
Our greatest modern writers need not make this up!
Just as the rigid Jewish nationalists trashed - no, devastated - an Arab village and were later seen dancing on the ruins with IDF personnel,  I began reading Thomas Brackshaw's painstaking examination of how the concept of 'love' is treated in 11 of Shakespeare's best known plays.
For him, Shylock's Jewish heart is 'closed' while that of Christian Portia is opened most generously wide.
Back in the early 1970s, US-based Dr Brackshaw was probably working on his PhD thesis just as British scholar, A L Rowse first published his theory marking Emilia Bassano (Lanier) as 'the dark lady' of Shakespeare's sonnets.
My layperson's instinctive guess is that Shakespeare knew Gaunse as well as being Lanier's lover and that conversations with them both helped to seed the two pivotal, mirror-image speeches in the play (3.1.49â61 and 4.1.184-202) that make it soar sublimely higher than Marlowe's vicious grotesqueries.
So I ask Dr Brackshaw to consider Shakespeare's problematic black comedy from a Jewish as well as Christian perspective; to understand that 'mercy' is integral to Jewish tradition and that the Hebrew biblical concept of 'an eye for an eye' is an amalgam of several differrent passages that are not about vengeance but compensation.Â
By way of illustration, I suggest this is just one reason why the activities of the current Israeli government so deeply frighten vast swathes of its ordinary citizens. The argument is not really about the judiciary but that most of us worry about living in a puritanical, anachronistic theocracy of the type that has eternally used, abused and massacred us.
For example, some weeks ago a Knesset bill imposing the death penalty on terrorists who kill Israelis, was approved by a 55-9 majority in its preliminary reading.
Those casting their votes chose to forget the huge moral struggle the State of Israel underwent in its debate about whether to execute the Nazi, Adolf Eichmann.
When he was hanged in 1962, he became the only person ever to be executed in Israel on conviction by a civilian court. Secular law aside, this reflected the Talmudic view that a Sanhedrin (rabbinical supreme court) which effects an execution once in seven years â or even 70 years â should be branded a âdestructive tribunalâ.
I suggest that at the two points where the poetry in The Merchant is at its most rhapsodic, this wonderful drama about antisemitism itself becomes hateful as it propagates the tedious canards about pitiless Jewish revenge against saintly Christian mercy.
Although I must therefore disagree with Dr Brackshaw's stance, I thoroughly enjoyed reading this particular chapter of In the Theater of Love: An Analysis of Shakespeare's Major Plays and much appreciate that he endeavours to make Shakeseare's work 'accessible' to lay enthusiasts like me.
In the Theater of Love: An Analysis of Shakespeare's Major Plays is available from Amazon on Kindle and in paperback.
© Natalie Wood 25 March 2023












