“I’ve always found the idea of death comforting. The thought that my life could end at any moment frees me to fully appreciate the beauty and art and horror of everything this world has to offer.”, says Dr. Hannibal Lecter in “Takiawase”, the fourth episode of season two. Hannibal is a TV series created by Bryan Fuller and broadcast by NBC from 2013 to 2015, inspired by Red Dragon, a novel by Thomas Harris.
Throughout three seasons, it explored the relationship between Hannibal Lecter, a renowned psychiatrist secretly cannibalistic, and Will Graham, a young FBI profiler haunted by his ability to empathize with serial killers. Episode titles from each season evoke a different gastronomy: French in season one, Japanese in season two, and Italian in season three. The first season is very similar to many murder series, with a serial killer being chased during several episodes, while each episode consists of a specific investigation. Season two focuses more on complex psychological character development, and introduces most of season three’s symbolical elements. In the third season, most of the characters have stopped working with the FBI and are much darker, raising knew issues and leaving the stress on twisted relationships between characters.
Will Graham’s focus is essential to understand how the viewer can accept to go deeper and deeper into immorality, displaying a powerful social satire, taken over by aestheticism.
A. An innocent eye on inhumanity.
The series begins with Will Graham’s profiling lecture at the FBI academy being interrupted by agent Jack Crawford, who needs his help on a case. Though Will is not an FBI agent, his ability to empathise with serial killers might be useful to Crawford, whether it harms him or not. In order to help him not to get too deep into the killer’s mind, Crawford asks psychiatrist Hannibal Lecter to help Will ease the stress. Will Graham is shown at home, with his many dogs, smiling; he is shown at work, socially awkward and probably on the autism spectrum; he is shown in front of several crime scenes, standing in the killer’s shoes. In that way, viewers can see how much weigh he has to carry around from seeing these horrible things, and he still remains human and caring. It makes him very easy to relate to, therefore viewers identify with him, and, as he accepts more and more horror, viewers do too, slowly diving into madness with him.
B. A character dragged into Hannibal’s darkness.
At the beginning of the show, Will seems to have strong moral values, even though they might be learned. But isn’t all kind of morality at least partially taught? Under Hannibal’s influence, Will is slowly pushed away from his friends, and therefore closer to Hannibal. In order to survive, and after several betrayals, he enters an almost permanent state of deep empathy with his psychiatrist. That is when he starts drowning.
C. Hannibal Lecter, absolute immorality.
Will is more or less pushed into Hannibal’s arms, but being forced to see a psychiatrist usually is not such a bad thing. Except that Hannibal Lecter is the embodiment of evil. He psychologically manipulates Will, going as far as causing him neurological damage in order to frame him for his murders. He violently murders several persons in the show, and is frequently shown cooking those people, and feeding them to other characters in the show.
A. The appearance of a great man.
Dr. Hannibal Lecter has every quality required to appear as a respectful man: he is a successful therapist, a wonderful cook, a caring friend, and a generally refined man. Everything is done to make it understandable that no one suspects him, and, in fact, nobody does for an incredible amount of time!
B. A great sense of humour.
Hannibal even plays with this appearance of perfection by understating his cannibalism from the very first episode, saying to Will: “I take great care of what I put in my plate”. From this point on, cannibalistic jokes are like a leitmotiv in the show, and help ease out the incredible amount of tension caused by the narration. For example, Hannibal repeatedly says to Jack Crawford that he would love to have his wife for dinner. That’s why morality is an intricate question in the show, because it is always debunked as a concept.
C. Everyone is morally grey.
Hannibal’s behaviour is never explicitly shown as bad in the series. It is on the contrary judged by other characters. This could create some kind of black and white, drawing a straight line between the good ones and the bad ones, but what happens is the exact contrary of that: Hannibal is judged by morally grey characters, which makes their judgement less valuable. This gives Hannibal a rather confusing image; you start wondering if he could be not so much of a monster. Characters on this show are very well thought, and easy to relate to, even though most of them are dangerous psychopaths and murderers, such as Hannibal, Mason Verger and his sister, Dr. Gideon, Abigail Hobbs… Identifying with such characters pushes the viewers to question their moral views.
A. Love as a cause of madness : homoerotic background.
Hannibal can be seen as the story of a twisted relationship between two men, and attraction is often understated between Will and Hannibal, until the climactic scene at the end of the series, but their relationship remains ambiguous. However, their possible love for each other might justify some of their actions in the show. Hannibal is clearly attracted to Will, and some of his actions can be explained by his will to create a family with Abigail and Will. Moreover, Will and Hannibal’s relationship is often compared to Alana Bloom and Margot Verger’s relationship, explicitly shown on the show, which means that the writer is not afraid of showing LGBT+ characters. In the same vein, Mason Verger’s behaviour, one of the scariest on the show, can be partially explained by his weird love for his sister and his fear of loosing her.
B. Aesthetics as anaesthetics.
One of the things that make this TV show bearable is its beauty. Each murder case is a symbolic setting. Remember my pictures? They were all taken from the show.
Look at this one that I used to show my three main parts. It’s colourful, it’s peaceful. As a painting, we would all agree to find it beautiful. But it is human flesh. Hannibal sees himself as some kind of God, above everybody else. To him, cooking is a way to refine those vulgar people he murders, it is neither moral nor horrible, but rather sublime, taken in its 18th Century meaning as explained by Edmund Burke: imagination is moved to awe and horror.
The shots are beautiful. What they show is horrible. And that’s how TV works: TV producers don’t care about whether what they show is moral or not, true or not, inspiring or not. TV just broadcasts what people look at as long as they look at it. This gives a sense of social satire to the show, depicting one of the main flaws of this medium in the show, and through it.
It is part of why the Brazilian photographer Sebastião Salgado was blamed: he magnified human misery.
In conclusion, this show questions what morality means, particularly nowadays that audience and media are so important. Bryan Fuller wrote complex characters and took his time to make them insane, allowing viewers to identify with them, and therefore become more likely to forgive them. This created an atmosphere in which moral values are nothing more than views on morality, pushing it until it becomes absurd sometimes, as if the more moral it seems, the less sensible it will appear. For example, Hannibal says in the twelve episode of season two that “Mason is discourteous. And discourtesy is unspeakably ugly to me. Whenever feasible, one should always try to eat the rude.” To finish, I want to show you this scene, which is a good summary of the show, in terms of horror, humour, manipulation… and, I must admit, gastronomy. I suggest you really focus, because Mads Mikkelsen has a very strong Danish accent and it is quite hard to understand. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ERf2QUejG0c