la meta = a goal (personal goal; not sports)
enhorabuena = congratulations
[also common - felicitaciones which is fine and used more in Spain; Latin America also uses felicidades; all make sense, it's the difference between "congratulations" and "well wishes / happiness"]
aniquilar = to annihilate
rendir = to give, to yield [as in dar fruto "to bear fruit", which can be rendir fruto - in the literal sense and the euphemism]
rendirse = to surrender, to give up, to yield
tibio/a = lukewarm, tepid
la hogaza = loaf of bread
el apogeo = zenith, highest point, apex / apogee
estrecho/a = narrow, not wide / "stringent", "strict"
el estrecho = strait
la cámara = camera / chamber
[la cámara can be an older term for "room", though it's "chamber"; this is related to the etymology of "camera"... but the important thing here is that it's where you get the term camarero/a which can be "waiter" or "chamberlain", or the "maid" aka the person who cleans rooms in a hotel... and in any kind of government setting will refer to different governing "chambers"... as in "bicameral" meaning "two chambers" like a House/Senate etc.]
el hipo = hiccup
quitar el hipo = "to take one's breath away"
el ocio = leisure, free time
saber = to know (facts)
saber a (algo) = to taste (like something)
saber a coco = to taste like coconut
saber a sésamo = to taste like sesame
saber a grasa = to taste like grease
tirar = to throw, to toss / to shoot
la sierra = saw / mountain range
el ataúd = coffin, casket
el pasto = grass / pasture
[sometimes you'll see el césped for "grass/lawn" as well, though sometimes el pasto is the term used for "grass" that animals eat since it's related to "pasture" and pastor/pastora is "shepherd" or "herder"]
tomar = to take
tomar = "to ingest" [can be food but it's usually used with liquids or medicine, kind of like beber but more casual - with drinks it's often understood as "to have" where it might imply relaxation or with medicine just "to take" in the usual sense]
tomar agua = to drink water
tomar(se) un té/café = to have (a cup of) tea/coffee
tomar medicina = to take medicine
tomar (el) aire = "to get some air", "to get some fresh air"
[usually used in the sense of going outside to relax or calm down; sometimes translated as "to catch one's breath" or "to cool down" but this is specifically used where people leave a situation or go outside to "get some fresh air"]
tomar(se) un respiro = to take a break, "to take a breather" [lit. "to take a breath"]
tomar el sol = to sunbathe [lit. "to take in the sun"; sometimes it's also "to bask in the sun"]
aspirar = to inhale, to breathe in / to aspire
[in some countries aspirar is another way to say pasar la aspiradora which is "to vacuum"... literally la aspiradora is "something that inhales" but it's a vacuum cleaner]
el liderazgo = leadership
el hallazgo = a discovery, a find
llorar = to cry / to mourn (someone)
lloriquear = to whine, to snivel
la naranja = orange (fruit)
naranja / anaranjado/a = orange, orangey (color)
el naranjo = orange tree
el azahar = orange blossom
anegar = to flood
anegar(se) = to drown, to be flooded
funcionar = to work (machines, concepts, ideas, ways of doing things etc. - anything that's physical labor is usually going to be trabajar)
el declive = decline, deterioration
el capricho = whim / whimsy
la sirena = siren (alarm) / siren (mythology), mermaid
encogerse de hombros = to shrug, to shrug one's shoulders
la corte = court (legal, or sports)
el corte = a cut
ningunear = to give someone the cold shoulder, to ignore [lit. "to treat someone as nothing/no one"]
el amanecer = daybreak, dawn
amanecer = "to wake up", "to first wake up"
[used kind of like "to start the day" - it isn't exactly despertarse "to wake up" but people do use it that way especially in questions like ¿cómo amaneciste? "how was your morning?" or "how did you sleep?"]
la escama = scale (reptile or fish etc)
el martillo = hammer
[also el mazo which is "mallet"]
el ocaso = sunset / "the end", "a decline"
el sueño = dream / sleepiness, drowsiness
tener sueño = to be sleepy, to be tired
el augurio = omen, portent, "sign"
buen augurio = "a good omen", "a good sign"
mal augurio = "an ill omen", "a bad sign"
la corazonada = a hunch, a gut feeling
claro/a = light [both in terms of "not dark", and also "light in color"]
claro/a = sure, certain
claro = "of course", "certainly"
la clara = egg white [la clara is also sometimes the term for a pale beer, or a special drink called a "shandy" which is beer mixed with lemonade]
el destino = destiny, fate
el sino = destiny, fate
[totally interchangeable - el sino is occasionally used for added flair since el destino is really common]
el destinatario, la destinataria = recipient
[used in the sense of "who you're sending something to", or if someone is asking who something is "addressed to" that's destinatario/a]
el roble = oak
(sano/a) como un roble = "healthy as an ox", "fit as a fiddle"
rezumar = to ooze, to seep [lit. it's related to "juices" so it's like juice is overflowing or seeping out]
curtido/a = veteran, "seasoned veteran" / leathery
[lit. curtir is "to tan leather" or treating leather, or sometimes it means "weather-beaten" skin... you will sometimes see curtido/a when referring to a person as "someone with experience" or "veteran", the idea being the same that their skin is no longer soft because they've gotten used to the elements essentially]
encurtir = to pickle
(los) curtidos / (los) encurtidos = pickled things
[kind of the same etymology as curtir; you will see things like pepinillos encurtidos "pickles / pickled cucumbers", or sometimes encurtido or curtido comes up as curtido de repollo/col "cole slaw"]
picante = spicy
[some countries say picoso/a]
dulce = sweet
el dulce, los dulces = sweets / candy
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