palavra lançada

What all five of my examples have in common is that they are minor elements in the text; they are not main ideas. In fact, your usual practice of reading which focuses on main ideas would dismiss them all as marginal or trivial. Another thing they have in common is that, although they are minor, they are nonetheless conspicuous, eye-catching: they are either surprising or repeated, set off from the text or too long. Close reading pays attention to elements in the text which, although marginal, are nonetheless emphatic, prominent—elements in the text which ought to be quietly subordinate to the main idea, but which textually call attention to themselves.

Most of you have been educated to ignore such elements. You have been taught to seek out and identify the main ideas, dismissing the trivial as you go. This has had to be trained into you: read to a young child sometime, you will notice she has the annoying habit of interrupting the flow of the story to draw attention to some minor thing. Close reading resembles the interruptions of that child. It is a method of undoing the training that keeps us to the straight and narrow path of main ideas. It is a way of learning not to disregard those features of the text that attract our attention, but are not principal ideas.

hello dear (click on the titles for lists of common words containing those),

the circumflex accent : ^ (l’accent circonflexe) 

#1. affects the pronunciation of a, e, and o. #2. often indicates the historical presence of a letter (commonly s) that has, over the course of linguistic evolution, become silent and disappeared. #3. less frequently, is used to distinguish homophones (ex : sur “on” / sûr-e “sure”). in certain words, the circumflex is idiopathic and has no linguistic role.

is used on the o of plural possessive words (le(s) nôtre(s), le(s) vôtre(s))

marks first and second plural persons conjugated at the past tense (nous chantâmes) + third singular person of imperfect subjunctive (qu’il vît),

is used on the i on -ître words (huître (oyster, f), épître (epistle, m),

is used of the i on -aître or -oître verbs (naître (to be born), croître (to grow) + verb plaire (to please) when -i is followed by -t,

is used on the a of the negative suffixe -âtre for adjectives, sometimes nouns : grisâtre (greyish), bellâtre (dandy, m)

the diaeresis  : ¨ (le tréma)

you find it mainly over vowels e, i and u, over vowels u and y in last names or locations and over vowels a, o or u in borrowed words. #1. it indicates the necessity of pronouncing separately two graphemes instead of treating them like a couple. #2. it makes a vowel mute. #3. it symbolizes an umlaut (germanic sign). (some words don’t need one and yet their couples of vowels are pronounced separately : oui, poème (poem, m), coincer (to stuck),

é (l’accent aigu sur le e) 

can mark the end of nouns. beauté (beauty, f),

marks past participles from the first group (lavé, mangé…) + be (été), 

marks a word starting with -e + consonant (éveiller (to wake, v), étirement (stretching, m), émotif/ve (emotional)…),

marks an e stuck between two consonants (hébété-e (dazed) préférer (v)), 

is never used before an -x (exemple, m), -f, -d (pied (foot, m)), -r, a final -z (nez (nose, m)) or a double vowel (appeler (to call, v), excellent-e),

è (l’accent grave sur le e) 

can be used to make a masculine job noun feminine (a baker : un boulanger, une boulangère ; a farmer : un fermier, une fermière), 

helps differenciating similar words from one another (mère (mother, f), mer (sea, f), maire (mayor, m) ; also for other letters : ou (or) / où (where), la (fem the) / là (there), à (at, prep) / a (vb avoir (to have) 3PS present)),

is used on final -s that are not a plural mark (près de (close to)),

is used before syllabes containing a mute -e (fièrement (proudly)),

is never used before an -x (sexe (sex, m), complexe (ep)…),

l’accent grave sur d’autres voyelles :

ù is used in adverbs où (where : où est parti ton père ?) and d’où (from where : d’où arrivent-elles à cette heure?)

à is a preposition with many meanings (je suis à paris cette semaine)

the cedilla : ç (le c cédille)

a cedilla (une cédille) placed in front of a, o and u marks a ss sound, is never used before -e, -i, -y, -ae, -oe and can be used for verbs in -cer for certain persons (nous commençons : we start)

I’m supposed to be studying some Italian, but instead, I was googling in my computer how to learn a new language (no, googling how to learn will not teach you shit, you have to sit down and learn your target language not how to do it, I know but I’m lazy.) and I came across LingoHut, and I have to share it.

I don’t know if someone ever talked about this page, but if they did is worth mentioning again.

So basically you go to the website and in the Home Page you have to choose what is your first language and what language are you trying to learn.

Once you choose it’ll take you to another page in which you have tons of lessons, for ex. In Italian, there are 109 lessons.

I haven’t checked every lesson yet but for example, the first one is greetings and such. You click that lesson and you have 16 flashcards that will show you the word in your target language and the translation, at the same time that someone pronounces the words.

Below the flashcards, you have this  ⬇️

And basically is a bunch of game, an easy matching words kind of game, some kind of tic tac toe with words, a memory game do you know the one that kids play in which they have to find the matching pictures? Same but with words and lastly a listening and matching game.

Below the bar of the games, we have the vocabulary list of the words we are taught in that lesson, and you can click the word and listen the pronunciation.

In the end, you have a bunch of the next lessons.

The lessons vary from the content it can be greetings, numbers, health stuff, office words, computer terminology, etc.

The website doesn’t have every language in the world, but it has a lot of them. choose your target language, in my case Italian, and enjoy, is fun and simple if you want to practice or do something related to your target language but you don’t have the willingness that day to study something more consistent like structure.

Today’s links are for second year phonology, a frequently-requested topic: 

1. Phonology with TrevTutor

YouTube video series

16 videos ranging from 6 to 15 minutes. Colorful handwritten slides with voiceover. Content includes basic terminology, detailed discussion of particular features, SPE rules, sonority, and feature geometry. Some videos walk through the process of phonological analysis. Closed captions are auto-generated and struggle sometimes with technical terms, though often the technical terms are displayed on the slides.

2. Phonology Micro-Lectures with The Virtual Linguistics Campus

YouTube video series

33 videos ranging from 1 to 2 minutes. Playlist order appears to be arbitrary. PowerPoint-style slides with voiceover. Some videos present fundamental concepts and phonological processes, while others focus on social/historical variation in phonology. Closed captions are auto-generated and struggle sometimes with technical terms.

3. Introduction to Optimality Theory with Nicholas Rolle

YouTube lecture

51 minute video-recorded lecture from UC Berkeley phonology course. Provides an introduction to the basic concepts and mechanics of Optimality Theory. Presentation is directed toward students in the classroom, though easy to follow as a viewer. While students’ questions can be difficult to hear, the recording is generally high-quality. Closed captions are auto-generated and struggle sometimes with technical terms.

Okay so obviously guys these words are just the ways me and my best friend insult each other, it’s not how all friendships insult each other but let’s say that I believe that the stronger the insult the stronger the friendship so HERE YOU GO

Sale/Ptite Pute

This means “dirty/little bitch”, ptite is “petite” but written the way we would pronounce it in fluent French

Convo 1: Play scrabble dirty bitch

Convo 2: Don’t play with my heart little bitch

Tchoin

A bitch also, once again and I have no clue where that comes from tbh

Convo: no you bitch

Salope

Aaaand that’s just another way to say “bitch” lol

Convo: No you’re not allowed it’s a bee bitch

If anyone here remembers Lang-8, a place where you could get your writing corrected by native speakers but no longer accepts new people, there is a new site that does something very similar to it. I definitely recommend trying it out.

Okay so, another app I wanna ask people about! It’s called Kawaii and is a Japanese learning app. As far as I saw, it does so by a story in which you are a transfer student and you meet two people who will help you. The classroom is for Japanese lessons, in the arcade you can play games for vocabulary etc. and you can collect stamps for achievements. The lessons for Hiragana & Katakana seem to be free, however, Kanji etc. you have to unlock by purchasing “books” for your lessons, but it seems you can get necessary coins by watching videos too?

Anyway, I think the story approach is cute even tho I haven’t seen much yet. I will try do go through Hiragana & Katakana and see if finished lessons unlock anything and how the story progresses! It seems to have something to do with a fox…

LanguagePod101 have made their Absolute Beginners course free for 3 months in their 34 languages offered.