Imnura pronouns.
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@imnuralanguage
Imnura pronouns.

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ë gorotano deva ba fa iarath. "Live long and prosper."
Goodbye, Leonard. ë lo jai.
The final, definitive Imnura phoneme chart. These are the sounds of my conlang!
"One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish" translated into Imnura
My translation of "One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish" into Imnura.
muno imë, lino omi, baono imë, iono imë. halorad: Doctor Seuss bulerad: Ryan Dawson
muno imë lino omi baono imë iono imë. limo imë iono imë hatso imë fero imë. sorati dë na pelë. korini dë na pelë. thiyano! islëno omi na. ëpano. baono egoi na. fa iono egoi na. hatso egoi na. fa fero egoi na. emilo egoi na. fa sëralo egoi na. fa harath egoi na. ji gur emila fa sërala fa hara sjin na jta? o aks na mëwa. ë adara ë nior jtë. ephino egoi na. fa altharo egoi na. moarino sito altharo imë na pelë. ioth bën fa tig fa tig fa bën sumeni mogo ko na. lain garo ko nipa. nipa sanu gur na lain këdag ir luano na. a thid! nowa! a thid! nowa! islëno mogo ko na viga. lino leng egoi na pelë fa bano leng egoi na pelë. mati leng egoi na pelë fa atono leng egoi na pelë. gur kajadaga na jta? o aks nem miwand. moko ainatho na o na owand. gur arangela lo na thëd. gur koraina la na thëd. jtono egoi na. fa oefo egoi na. tagano egoi na. fa haskuno egoi na. istëno hmai na. ji sjin lo ë aks nior jtë. ë dinara ë aks nior jtë. a! nu harëa ë nior thëd! mu, li, ro... harë phëora o nem thëd na jta? mu, li, ro, ba ti, muti, liti roti, bati, ev. vomu harë nu na pelë! vomu! fero dë na. nong vomu harë o na rona!
"Only" and Transient Possessives
You can place "only" anywhere in the English sentence "She told him that she loved him" to change the meaning in several different ways - large and small. I thought I'd show you how this works in Imnura and also teach you about the word "guso" and about the suffixes -ga,-aga, and -yaga. "Guso" means "only." As a descriptor, it can be either an adverb or an adjective depending on whether it appears before a noun-indicator or a verb-indicator. It always refers to whatever comes directly after it. Like the English "only," "guso" can drift around, but moving it in a sentence changes things a lot, as you'll see. The suffixes -ga (after a vowel) ,-aga (after a consonant), and -yaga (after G), mark transient possession - specifically: possession of something with intent to give it away or having a feeling for something or someone. Words with possessive markers always go after the words that identify what possesses them. So, when you're talking about her love for him, you have to put "nu" (him/he) between "në" (her/she) and "jaiga" (love felt for another). Who has the love? She does. For whom? Him. So she-him-love for. "Në nu jaiga" - her love for him. This rule applies any time you're talking about a feeling someone has for something, and there are no exceptions. Yay for regularity! (Note: the raw form of "to love" is "jai.") Here are the ways "guso" can move through the key phrase "në nu jaiga nu në nim tiora" (She told him she loved him).
në nu jaiga nu në nim tiora. She told him her love for him.
guso në nu jaiga nu në nim tiora. She didn't tell him anything other than her love for him.
në guso nu jaiga nu në nim tiora. She told him she didn't love anyone but him.
në nu guso jaiga nu në nim tiora. She told him the only thing she loved about him.
në nu jaiga guso nu në nim tiora. She didn't tell anyone other than him that she loved him.
në nu jaiga nu guso në nim tiora. More than one person knew she loved him, but only she said anything.
në nu jaiga nu në guso nim tiora. She told him verbally that she loved him rather than communicating it to him any other way.)
Note that "guso" cannot appear between "nim" (did) and "tiora" (tell; speak). "Nim" is an auxiliary verb that tells us "tiora" is in the past tense. Auxiliary verbs cannot be separated from the verbs they modify. Putting "guso" after "nim" wouldn't make any sense. Also, "guso" cannot appear at the end of the sentence. This is because sentences must end with verbs. The indicator form of "guso" is "gus" (only-ness; to be only; that which is only). Ending the sentence with "gus" wouldn't make sense either, and ending it with "guso" would just be wrong. Have any questions? Let me know!

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emnor aozira - the Imnura writing system in its proper order.
This is the final version!
Sounds: th [θ], d [d̪], f [f], v [v], ph [ɸ], n [n̪], ng [ŋ], m [m], hm [ʰm], p [p/pʰ], b [b], y [j], s [s], l [l/ɮ],w [w], g [g], j [tʃ], z [ʒ], r [ɾ], t [t/tʰ], ts [ts], k [k/kʰ], x [χ/x], h [h],
a [ɐ], o [o], i [i], e [ɛ], ë [eɪ], u [u]. ëa [eɪɐ] and ëo [eɪo].
[tɬ] and [ʃ] don't have their own symbols. They're made by writing TL and SJ respectively.
Truncating Phrases with E
As you know, Imnura words cannot end in the letter E. E always becomes Ë at the end of a word. This is a grammar rule, but people don't always use proper grammar when they speak. In colloquial speech, ending a word with E indicates that you don't intend to finish what you're saying because the person you're speaking to knows the rest of the phrase you're going to say. In that way, it's a bit like the English slang term, "Yadda-yadda." When you greet your friend, you could say: "aya! ë vëora na, jta?" But if you're talking to a close friend, you could also say, "aya! ë vëore." You might even say, "aye." This is a way of truncating "ë vëora na, jta?" because the person you're speaking to knows what you're saying without you really having to say it. Another example is "nore," which is a short way of saying "noraya" or "noraga," both of which mean "thank you." Keep in mind that, if you're talking to someone you don't know, these truncations could be seen as dismissive. aikunos! jon o oraya na. miliniurel! aya. rayane. Here, someone greets me formally, saying, 'Hello! My name is John. Nice to meet you!" But I reply rudely, saying the equivalent of, "Hey. I'm Ryan, blah blah whatever." Naturally, truncating a phrase with E works best if you're truncating a phrase that is easy to guess. If you said "iave" to me meaning "iava fabara anaira na, jta?" (Where is the cat's medicine?), I would not understand you. I might reply, "iava, jta?" which means something like "The cat what?" or "What about the cat?" Being imprecise and not saying exactly what you mean are usually considered very rude in Imnura, but friends can speak to each other in rude ways without fear of causing a fuss. Attaching E to a word to truncate a phrase is a very familiar way to speak to people.
Plurals
Let's talk about plurals. In Imnura, plurals are created by changing all the vowels in a word - just like English does with "goose/geese" or "foot/feet." Unlike English, Imnura plurals are all very regular. It's easy to figure out how to change the vowels in a word to make it plural: using AEIOU, just move every vowel one letter to the right. So A becomes E, E and Ë become I, I becomes O, O becomes U, and U becomes A again. Remember that Imnura words cannot end with the letter E; so, at the end of a word, A becomes Ë. There are also vowel pairs to consider. With vowel pairs, usually only the first letter changes, but sometimes they both change. Basically, a vowel pair can't become a vowel pair that doesn't exist. For instance: AI becomes ËO because ËI isn't allowed in Imnura. (Ë is already a combination between E and I.) Other pairs change completely to avoid confusion with other pairs. This is why AO becomes ËU instead of ËO. Also, it's worth nothing that the vowel pairs ËU, UO, and UA only appear in plurals. Here is a full list of how letters change when pluralizing: A - E E - I Ë - I I - O O - U U - A AI - ËO AO - ËU ËA - IA ËO - IU IA - IË IË - IA IO - IU IU - OA OA - OË OI - UO OË - OI OU -UA When a plural word has a suffix added to it, such as -ad, the vowel in the suffix doesn't change with the others. But some words, such as "dumi" (dog) naturally have suffixes attached to them. In this case, the suffix vowel does change. You only change the vowel in a suffix when that suffix is naturally part of that word and not something you have to add. Dumi" means "dog," but it literally means "little wolf." "Dum" means "wolf." So: damo - dogs dami - little wolves See how the vowel at the end of the word doesn't change when it is an affix that was added to the word rather than one that is native to the word? This may be a little complicated. If you have any questions, please let me know.
An Imnura color wheel! Many colors are named after natural things. Note that all these words are hom (identifiers: nouns/verbs). To create nathed (descriptors: adjectives/adverbs), add -o (after a consonant) or -no (after a vowel).
baori - little red; also applies to pink
sumunoram - complex blossom; also, Vappodes phalaenopsis, the Cooktown Orchid
uroli - also, lime
gosad - one who warns; also, Cyanocorax caeruleus, the azure blue jay
ionihm - blueish; green is considered a shade of blue
adar - also, lake
deligor - also, vine
An illustrated Imnura conversation! I constructed this to demonstrate a few things: How to greet a stranger and introduce yourself, one way to respond to introductions, a new word: "butterfly" (hisanar), how to answer in the affirmative, plurals, and words with two meanings.
aikunos. bil o oraya na. (Hello. My name is Bill.) miliniurel, bil. ana o oraya na. (Nice to meet you, Bill. My name is Ana.)
hisanarpalio thëd o na ikoëza? (Do you want to visit the butterfly house?) thëd. noraya. (I'd like to. Thank you.)
ëlizano hosener na. (The butterflies are beautiful.) o na fët. (I agree.)
më ë naro thëd o nao sëral. (Another date with you would make me happy.) fa o. (Me, too.)
When Bill asks Ana, "hisanarpalio thëd o na ikoëza," she replies, "thëd." Imnura doesn't have a yes-no system - that means there are no single words for "yes" or "no." Instead, it uses echo responses to answer questions which, in English, could be answered with those two words. Ana repeats the verb in Bill's question (thëd) to indicate an affirmative answer. If she had not wanted to go to the butterfly house, she would have said "aks thëd," using the negating particle "aks" in conjunction with the repeated verb to indicate the negative.
Speaking of "thëd," you'll see here that it has two meanings: "see" or "a seen thing" and "date" or "a date." When (using "thëd") Bill asks Ana to the butterfly house, she knows he isn't asking if she would like to date the butterfly house, even though his question could be interpreted that way. And, when (using "thëd" again) he tells her that he wants another date with her, she knows that he isn't saying that he wants to see her in exactly the same way they saw the butterflies. Considering the word order alone, Ana might get confused, as "thëd" comes before the word "I" and a helping verb in both sentences in which it appears. She knows mostly from context that "thëd" means "date" in the second instance and "to see" in the first one.
Have questions? Please don't hesitate to ask!

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Today I wanted to talk about vowels. Imnura has 8 unique symbols for vowel sounds: A, E, I, O, U, Ë, ËA, and, ËO. All other vowel sounds are written as combinations of two symbols. All vowels are short. These 8 vowel sounds are pronounced like this: A = /ɑ/ as in "far" E = /ɛ/ as in "ever" I = /i/ as in "see" O = /o/ as in "boring" U = /u/ as in the Spanish "tu" Ë = /ɛi/ as in "way" ËA = /ɛiɑ/as in "crayon" ËO = /ɛio/ as in "Crayola" The Imnura writing system is not technically an alphabet. It's an abugida: instead of all the letters being written in a line, the vowels are written as diacritics above or below the consonants. Most vowels can also be stacked above each other to create diphthongs. The only vowel symbols that don't stack are E and Ë. With the exception of its two triphthongs, ËA and ËO, Imnura doesn't allow combinations of more than two vowels. When these occur, they are separated by a semivowel - either Y or W. "Oai" (pronounced "why") is not a proper word. It would have to be written "oayi" or "owai" (depending on which diphthong you wanted to split with a hiatus). ËA and ËO are exceptions because they are written with their own symbols. "Ëayia" is a proper construction (though it isn't a word). Such combinations are, as yet, unheard of, but not impossible. Imnura also doesn't allow double vowels. When transliterating non-Imnura names with double vowels, like Aaron or Brooke, a single vowel should be used. ("Aaron" would be written "Eron," and "Brooke" would be written "Bruk." There is no way to make the OO sound of "Brooke" in Imnura. Sorry, Brookes of the world.) When standing on their own, vowels must be carried by vowel stems. Stemmed vowels may also appear in compound words like "koëyowan" ("how one comports one's self"), which contains a diphthong - "OË" - that cannot be made by stacking vowels. the picture above contains examples of how to write vowels, starting with "koëyowan." The vowels are in red. Remember that Imnura goes left to right, just like English.
Here's one of my favorite Vegeta monologues translated into Imnura. As an added (and possibly hilarious) bonus, I present to you my VO as Imnura Vegeta - who sounds quite a bit tlhIngan.
aksiozirav gal biliro siyina nel! gur hadora o na. këthan o latha o nab iori! tesj athi zema o na. ezbar o otora o ner ithorath. fiar muwar nodoyad o nab angasj jta? ësulo biliro sëyen aks nao haorat. ibo ji o aksdaliso o na. ibo fero puheth o nior amno fa fero taga o nior tai. o nab tai. ji pono sëyen thëgera sanastada soruksath nab sipë, fa biliro o nab na. olira kanë kagarot, këdag brëa o rayana ë lo ikoa ë o nab thëd.
The Super Saiyans of legend were an invincible warrior race! I am their son. And at long last, I have risen to claim my birthright. I have stepped into the ranks of greatness. All my life, I have worked toward this goal and for what? To be brushed aside as easily as a common housefly by an android? A true Super Saiyan would not have fallen. Maybe I am not who I think I am. Perhaps there are still new plateaus for me to reach, far greater heights to which I must ascend. Yes, I will ascend. The universe will marvel to see the ultimate Saiyan potential realized once again, and I will be legendary. And then Kakarot, then I will see you bow before your Prince.
aya! rayan o oraya na, fa imnura o ithorano tsiola na. vi ji eru gilino o na, gafano ilo o na ioka. ë silura o na raikoë! ji ë ëmotha, noraya. fatho!
Hi! My name is Ryan, and Imnura is my conlang. Because I am worried about making mistakes, I am reading a prepared statement. I hope you’ll forgive me! Thanks for listening. Be well!
Imnura has no articles. The sentence structure is Object-Subject-Verb, so instead of "I see him," you say "him I see" (nu o na thëd). Word order is critical to intelligibility. Word order is very regular, and sentences are always built the same way: time, preposition, indirect object, object, subject, verb. The affixes -a, -ra, and -ya (used after consonants, vowels, and the letter R respectively) indicate the possessive. While English marks the possessive on the possessor ("Dan's book"), Imnura marks the possessive on that which is possessed ("dan ilira," something like "Dan the book of"). The language is verb isolating, so there are no verb forms to remember. Yay! But there are 18 auxiliary verbs to memorize that are crucial for conjugation. Double yay! (No?) I'll talk more about those soon, and we'll go in-depth about word order at another time as well. For now, how about an example of Imnura sentence structure?
Here's a famous scene from Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back translated into Imnura! (Note: the above picture represents a version of the scene as it is often truncated.)
luk skaiwalker fa darth vëder olira <surëdeli gala: tsion 5 - apoalor abëth na koj> v: aksath ë vaora astara ë obi oan nim tiora. l: gom o nu nim tiora! nu ë nim baraks nu nim tiora! v. aksdaliso. ë vaora o na. l: aksëpano! aksiano!
And now the literal breakdown:
Luke Skywalker and Darth Vader during Star Wars[possessive]: Chapter 5: In Retaliation Empire is Strike V: Never you father[possessive] fate[possessive] you Obi Wan did tell. L: Enough me he did tell! Him you did kill he did tell/say! V: Incorrect. You father[possessive] I am. L: Untrue! Impossible!
How to write Imnura! Let me know if you have any questions, as they will probably help refine this guide.

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Today is the day of Thunder Over Louisville, a large air show and fireworks display celebrating the start of the Kentucky Derby Festival. In Imnura, the name of this event is "tes utai luivil koekha ou." Because of Imnura's strict word order rules, "utai luivil koekha" by itself means something like "I frequently cause thunder/make thundering sounds over Louisville," but putting those words between "tes" and "ou" identifies it as a compound descriptor: "the over-Louisville thunder."
Also: look! It's the new T! I need to update the alphabet here soon, as I've changed so much of it lately.
Infinitives
You may know that, in English, the infinitive form of any verb is the "to" form. The infinitive of "run" is "to run," the infinitive of "speak" is "to speak," etc. In Imnura, the infinitive of any verb is the verb itself unaccompanied by an auxiliary verb. So, the infinitive of "tiora" (speak) is simply "tiora." (This means you can't split infinitives in Imnura). When used by themselves - as one-word sentences - Imnura infinitives take on the implied pronoun "I."
ki ë la na jta? - What are you doing? halor. - [I'm] writing.
When you're being asked about someone else, said other person becomes the subject of the verb.
nu lara nel jta? - What was he doing? noalë. - [He was] eating. Note that tense is also implied. In the above example, "nel" could be used to clarify that eating is what he WAS doing, but it's understood that the answer is referring to the past because the question was referring to the past as well.
When an infinitive is used with no context at all, it's assumed that it refers to whomever is using it. While you can write "no usar" in Spanish to mean "do not use," you must use the word "nior" in Imnura to form the imperative. If you don't, it looks like you're talking about yourself.
Correct: aks nior ithir - "Not should use." Don't use this. Incorrect: aks ithir - "Not use." This sounds like, "Using isn't something I do." Note that, while the auxiliary verb cannot be omitted in this situation, it's perfectly fine not to use a pronoun.
Think of it this way: Imnura always assumes that you're referring to yourself when you use an infinitive unless it has been previously established in context that you're referring to someone else.