From a pretty young age, I've always been skeptical of the notion that female victims of sexual assault are taken more seriously and have any sort of privilege over male victims of sexual assault, because I noticed most people, especially adults, genuinely seemed more upset and horrified when they heard of a man getting sexually assaulted.
For example, my mom's brother had a (male) roommate in uni who got up every morning at 5am to go for a run. Except one morning my uncle's roommate was violently sexually assaulted and later found unconscious by the side of the road.
I noticed as early as when I was 13/14 years old that if I told this story to adults, and left out the sex of the roommate (just saying "my uncle's roommate" without any gender markers) they would always assume the roommate was female, and their reaction to the story (as long as they were the assuming the roommate/sexual assault victim was female) was always a sort of boredom, they'd always say something along the lines of "hmm yeah, that's unfortunate and everything but she should have been more careful, it was probably a bad idea to be out running by herself so early in the morning" of course always with a bored "whatever" tone. Often if they were an adult they'd throw in a patronizing "well you're still young but as you get older you'll come to realize things like this are just a fact of life you know"
But AS SOON as I'd correct them and tell them actually, the roommate was a man, their reaction would INSTANTLY change from boredom to shock and horror. I'd get gasps, I'd get "WHAT?! A MAN?! HOW AWFUL!! Why would someone do that???" When just 10 seconds earlier when they believed that the roommate was female their reaction was a bored "well whatever these things happen and honestly it's kind of the roommate's fault you know" and suddenly it's shocking and horrible and WHY WOULD SOMEONE DO THAT when they knew the roommate was a man.
After a while it became, I don't want to say a game, maybe more of an experiment to tell that story, especially to adults, and leave out the gender of the roommate/victim, just to watch them every time a) assume the roommate/victim was female b) give some sort of bored and victim blaming response so long as they assumed the victim was female and then finally c) watch their reaction change to shock and horror and most importantly, sympathy, as soon as I corrected them to let them know the roommate was actually male. Every single time, without fail, it followed this formula.
So, when people claim male victims have a harder time than female victims when it comes to being taken seriously, I always gotta side eye them a little bit, because that sure hasn't been my experience.
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Hi! I'm rather sceptical of this article which claims that more porn = less rape and lists several studies (at the bottom of the page) as the author doesn't really bother to explain them properly, so I was hoping you could.
@nznnm I re-sent your submission as an ask, due to formatting issues!
You were correct to be skeptical! Porn does not result in less rape.
The linked article cites seven sources [1-7].
Five of the seven studies [2-6] were all conducted prior to 2000, so, even if they did support the supposition that pornography leads to less rape (and they don't), they would not be representative of the effects of modern, mainstream, free, internet pornography.
These studies by Diamond [1, 2, 3] and Kutchinsky [5, 6] all rely on the same methodological paradigm: aggregate-level national analysis. They essentially examine how changes in pornography use rates (e.g., as a result of a legal change) is related to reported rape rates for a nation (i.e., in aggregate) over a period of time. There are several issues with this type of analysis, highlighted by this article [8]. For example, they indicate "one of the more serious problems with aggregate data used in pornography research results from the inappropriate transfer of aggregate results toward individualistic explanations", but I also want to highlight the issue with relying on reported sex crimes (e.g., did the rate of rape really decrease/not change or did misogynistic beliefs become more prevalent - as a cause or effect of the aforementioned legal change - resulting in a lower reporting rate). The mentioned paper [8] explicitly addresses studies [1, 3, 5, 6] and study [2] is just review of those four. In addition, YourBrainOnPorn has an article addressing this same point, which may be more accessible for laymen [9]. In short, this methodology cannot reliably determine a relationship between rape and pornography.
Goldstein's 1971 study [4] was a retrospective study examining pornography use between "deviants" (a group that included homosexual men) and non-"deviants", concluding non-"deviants" used more pornography. However, this was a single, small study conducted prior to the internet. More importantly, the retrospective design presents significant possible problems, particularly for "sensitive" topics [10]. For example, did the pedophiles really never see pornography, or are they less likely to remember or report having seen it? Many more recent studies have disputed this result; I mention some of them in this post and this post and there are many more in a link below.
The final source [7] doesn't address rape rates at all; it concerns "closeness with others". I'm a lot less concerned with pornography use’s effects on male users, and more a lot more concerned with its effects on the female performers and women in society. That being said, YourBrainOnPorn has collected a resource pages with studies linking porn use to "sexual dysfunctions and poorer sexual and relationship satisfaction" (currently with more than 130 studies) [11] and "poorer mental-emotional health & poorer cognitive outcomes" (currently with more than 100 studies) [12].
In addition to all of this, YourBrainOnPorn has collected a resource page "linking porn use to sexual offending, sexual aggression, and sexual coercion" (currently with more than 110 studies) [13].
I want to highlight the following:
This review [14] found "reliable associations between frequent pornography use and sexually aggressive behaviors, particularly for violent pornography and/or for men at high risk for sexual aggression"
This meta-analysis [15] on 46 studies with over 12,000 people found (pre-internet) found moderate to strong effect sizes of pornography on aggression, violent behavior, and misogynistic beliefs.
This 2010 meta-analysis [16] found an "overall significant positive association between pornography use and attitudes supporting violence against women in nonexperimental studies". This was done to accompany their meta-analysis on experimental (laboratory) studies [17] that showed "consumption of material depicting nonviolent sexual activity increases aggressive behavior, and that media depictions of violent sexual activity generates more aggression than those of nonviolent sexual activity".
This 2015 meta-analysis [18] examined "2 studies from 7 different countries" of more than 20,000 people and found pornography use was "associated with sexual aggression in the United States and internationally, among males and females, and in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies".
This 2017 review [19] found pornography is associated with more adolescent dating and sexual violence perpetration and victimization.
All in all, the linked article cherry picked (i.e., they picked the few studies that supported their view while ignoring the many more than did not) studies using an unreliable and controversial methodology.
Given the highly politicized and contentions nature of this topic, we are never going to have a consensus in research; instead we need to rely on a "preponderance of evidence" approach, noting that pornography use is linked to sexual aggression in the majority (and in more high quality) studies.
I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any follow-up questions!
References under the cut:
Diamond, M. et al. “Pornography and Sex Crimes in the Czech Republic,” Archives of Sexual Behavior (2011) 40:1037
Diamond, M. “The Effects of Pornography: An International Perspective,” in Pornography 101: Eroticism, Sexuality, and the First Amendment, edited by J. Elias et al. Prometheus Press, Amherst, NY, 1999.
Diamond, M. and A. Uchiyama. “Pornography, Rape, and Sex Crimes in Japan,” International Journal of Law and Psychiatry (1999) 22:1.
Goldstein, M. et al. “Experience with Pornography: Rapists, Pedophiles, Homosexuals, Transsexuals, and Controls,” Archives of Sexual Behavior (1971) 1:1.
Kutchinsky, B. Pornography and Rape: Theory and Practice? Evidence from crime Data in Four Countries, Where Pornography is Easily Available,” International Journal of Law and Psychiatry (1991) 14:47.
Kutchinsky, B. “The Effect of Easy Availability of Pornography on the Incidence of Sex Crimes: The Danish Experience,” Journal of Social Issues (1973) 29:163.
Poipovic, M. “Pornography Use and Closeness with Others in Men,” Archives of Sexual Behavior (2011) 40:449
Kingston, Drew A., and Neil M. Malamuth. "Problems with aggregate data and the importance of individual differences in the study of pornography and sexual aggression: Comment on Diamond, Jozifkova, and Weiss (2010)." Archives of sexual behavior 40 (2011): 1045-1048.
“Debunking the Realyourbrainonporn (Scienceofarousal.Com) ‘Sex Offender Section’: The Actual State of the Research on Porn Use and Sexual Aggression, Coercion & Violence.” Your Brain On Porn, https://www.yourbrainonporn.com/relevant-research-and-articles-about-the-studies/critiques-of-questionable-debunking-propaganda-pieces/debunking-realyourbrainonporn-pornographyresearch-com-sex-offender-section/.
Tofthagen C. Threats to validity in retrospective studies. J Adv Pract Oncol. 2012 May;3(3):181-3. PMID: 25031944; PMCID: PMC4093311.
“Studies Linking Porn Use or Porn/Sex Addiction to Sexual Dysfunctions and Poorer Sexual and Relationship Satisfaction.” Your Brain On Porn, https://www.yourbrainonporn.com/relevant-research-and-articles-about-the-studies/porn-use-sex-addiction-studies/studies-linking-porn-use-or-porn-sex-addiction-to-sexual-dysfunctions-and-poorer-sexual-and-relationship-satisfaction/.
“Studies Linking Porn Use to Poorer Mental-Emotional Health & Poorer Cognitive Outcomes.” Your Brain On Porn, https://www.yourbrainonporn.com/relevant-research-and-articles-about-the-studies/porn-use-sex-addiction-studies/studies-linking-porn-use-to-poorer-mental-emotional-health-poorer-cognitive-outcomes/.
“Studies Linking Porn Use to Sexual Offending, Sexual Aggression, and Sexual Coercion.” Your Brain On Porn, https://www.yourbrainonporn.com/relevant-research-and-articles-about-the-studies/critiques-of-questionable-debunking-propaganda-pieces/studies-linking-porn-use-to-sexual-offending-sexual-aggression-and-sexual-coercion/.
Malamuth NM, Addison T, Koss M. Pornography and sexual aggression: are there reliable effects and can we understand them? Annu Rev Sex Res. 2000;11:26-91. PMID: 11351835.
Oddone-Paolucci, Elizabeth, Mark Genuis, and Claudio Violato. "A meta-analysis of the published research on the effects of pornography." The changing family and child development. Routledge, 2017. 48-59.
Hald GM, Malamuth NM, Yuen C. Pornography and attitudes supporting violence against women: revisiting the relationship in nonexperimental studies. Aggress Behav. 2010 Jan-Feb;36(1):14-20. doi: 10.1002/ab.20328. PMID: 19862768.
Allen, Mike, D. A. V. E. D'alessio, and Keri Brezgel. "A meta‐analysis summarizing the effects of pornography II aggression after exposure." Human communication research 22.2 (1995): 258-283.
Wright, Paul J., Robert S. Tokunaga, and Ashley Kraus. "A meta-analysis of pornography consumption and actual acts of sexual aggression in general population studies." Journal of Communication 66.1 (2016): 183-205.
Rodenhizer KAE, Edwards KM. The Impacts of Sexual Media Exposure on Adolescent and Emerging Adults' Dating and Sexual Violence Attitudes and Behaviors: A Critical Review of the Literature. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2019 Oct;20(4):439-452. doi: 10.1177/1524838017717745. Epub 2017 Jul 13. PMID: 29333966.
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I wonder if so-called ‘vanilla sex’ is derided so much because heterosexual couples are used to having quick, unemotional, perfunctory sex – ‘vanilla’ became shorthand for this kind of sex. ‘Kinky sex’ is posited as the opposite of vanilla because in contrast to vanilla sex, the acts associated with kink – inflicting or receiving some kind of pain – are actually emotionally charged, even if the emotions are negative. It feels exciting. Regular ol’ sex is so boring because what is considered to be ‘regular sex’ is actually pretty dysfunctional. It’s focused on male pleasure, it’s orgasm focused. Men are so poisoned by addiction to violent pornography that they don’t know how to create positive emotional connection during sex; so it’s either violent adrenaline-fueled sex, or it’s soulless, desultory sex.
Saying that sex is either vanilla or kinky is ignoring that there’s actually another way to have sex; healthy, positive, emotionally safe, mutual, pleasure-focused, communicative, fun, non-traumatizing sex. Sex doesn’t need to be painful and violent, and it doesn’t need to be boring and tedious, either. Sex doesn’t exist on a scale of vanilla-to-kinky, but a lot of people seem to be under the impression that it does.
What do y’all think?
Having porn culture normalized in daily society has its impact. Porn normalizes physical abuse during sexual intercourse, not only does this cause more domestic abuse it also means that many sex workers are often physically abused or expected to allow physical abuse as part of their job.
Men don’t actually like it when women enjoy sex as much as they do or even more, because to them sex is an act done upon women not a shared experience. When they say they want a woman who matches their sexual drive what they mean is that they want a woman who agrees to participate in sex as often as they, men, desire, not when she actively chooses so herself. They immediately lose interest or get confused when a woman is an eager initiator, because men are not used to seeing us as people with desires and feelings and not sexual objects.
You know what could actually help lots of women in the global south? Especially if you're American? Stop consuming drugs. I find it kinda funny how betrayed everyone seems when you can't even give up weed.
If you're American and you consume illegal drugs, you are two steps from consuming porn to me.
im guessing this has to do with not supporting drugs traffickers thus not supporting gangs who then therefore have less money and influence to hurt women and children? or is there also another reason? because i always thought men were the primary ones dying due to gang violence
Gang violence in LatinoAmerica is huge. And I mean HUGE. Every city under the USA border has its own relationship with drug cartels. You really really don't know how is to live in a country where the drug cartels dictate everything. There have been entire cities destroyed by them. Vacated. Some of them serve as mercenaries for transnational companies, to enslave men for manual labor and women for manual and sexual labor. One of the worst femicide crisis in recent history in Mexico was fueled by drug cartels, just search Dead women of Ciudad Juárez. The drug cartels own human trafficking rings across the country. They kidnap and traffick migrant women, local women and children. They are known for closing highways and cut food and supplies from towns where they think they need control over. There have cases of towns where drug cartels close highways and try to kidnap all the women and girls in there. They kill indigenous people and farmers who refuse to cultivate their crops. Mexico is in shambles because of the narco. We couldn't even send data to the investigation on black holes because the drug cartels wanted money to open a highway that went up a hill where a telescope was. With this I am trying to say that pretty much every aspect of civilian life, especially outside big cities, is dictated by drug cartels.
And this is just México. Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, and other countries have their own problems with drug cartels. This is not gang violence anymore. Some of us are living in what it resembles a narco state. A state where the drug cartels control almost every aspect of politics.
I did a free walking tour in Medellin, Colombia and the tour guide spent at least an hour talking about how much he hates foreigners who come to colombia to do cocaine and do pablo escobar tours and another hour talking about how fucked up it is that europeans, americans, and australians consume most the illegal drugs but see none of the violence. he went hard before huge group of people, many of them there to probably just party and do drugs. I could've listened to him talk for ages. mad respect.
I can't believe how many people turn a blind eye to the violence.
The majority of weed smoked in the states where it’s most popular is grown in the US, not in the global south. I can see this argument being valid for things like cocaine, but claiming people who smoke weed that’s grown in their legal state are contributing to violence and trafficking in South America isn’t remotely accurate.
I specified illegal drugs you fucking stoner. I said weed because of people who aren't willing to even switch to a legal source. If you source it legally then why tf are you on my post.
According to the DEA, one third of the illegal drugs trafficked from Mexico to the USA is weed so... Who tf is smoking that illegal pot?
Okay even if it’s weed. Let’s talk about it. How do you really know where it comes from? Okay let’s say you buy it from a storefront. Seems legit. But a lot of them are not legally obligated to buy their supply from gov regulated producers. So they are selling product most likely from illegal grow-ops, often with falsified labels. Let’s say the product / supply chain is legit. The store front also acts as a money laundering front. The store owner is also a human trafficker and/or a dealer for illegal substances. This is just his “legal” business.
Like unless you’re buying your weed directly from the gov’s website, you do not and cannot know 1) where your supply is really from 2) if the money spent is being used to fund illegal activity.
This applies to Europe too. The Netherlands are famous for having legalized marijuana, but a lot of the (completely legal!) marijuana in the Netherlands is supplied by dangerous cartels. And of almost all of the cocaine in Europe comes from South America, so from the same woman killing cartels. Europeans who do cocaine are also funding the enslavement and murder of women in Latin America. To boot a lot of the cocaine in Europe is trafficked through Africa, where drug cartels there also hurt and murder women, so cocaine in Europe often has the blood of both Latin American and African women on it.
I advise people to only smoke weed that they either grew themselves or that they know for a fact beyond any doubt that it was grown locally and ethically and it wasn't produced or imported by cartels.
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Every time a sexist practice gets rebranded as "self-expression," women are expected to celebrate our own conditioning. Liberation isn't about finding new ways to decorate the cage. It's about questioning why the cage exists in the first place. If a practice overwhelmingly benefits patriarchal expectations while demanding women's time, money, pain, and energy, then maybe it's worth asking who that practice is really serving.
Watch this video. Listen to what she's saying. She's explaining the dangers of strangulation and her own experience with domestic violence. What would you assume the comments are like? Sympathetic? Are people interested in spreading awareness?
No. The comments look like this
This is why I fucking despise kink culture. Y'all are willing to make jokes like this to a woman who survived domestic violence. Y'all are willing to invalidate her message to validate your kink.
Yes, strangulation is still dangerous during sex and it doesn't stop being dangerous because sex is involved.
Yes, women are injured by rough sex all the time.
Yes, it's still abuse even if it happens during sex.
So this is what we’ve reached. Where a woman talks about her domestic violence experience and people have to relate it to her sex life or are trying to silence her.
What’s next, women will talk about their rape and kinksters will be relate it to their rape roleplay?
“It’s not polite to kinkshame” how tf is bringing up data kinkshaming
I don't think men who consume porn should be allowed on juries (for trials on sex crimes). If a woman who has been raped is "too biased" for cases involving sexual assault, then a man who gains sexual pleasure from violent, degrading, humiliating, misogynistic content that's been PROVEN to reduce empathy in men towards women who've been raped (and women in general) and leads them to believe victim blaming myths about women and sexual violence (ex. being hurt turns women on, women unconsciously want to be raped and put themselves in situations where they're likely to be hurt, rape is not that traumatizing and easy to get over, etc.) are also too biased.
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“Anti-feminism is also operating whenever any political group is ready to sacrifice one group of women, one faction, some women, some kinds of women, to any element of sex-class oppression: to pornography, to rape, to battery, to economic exploitation, to reproductive exploitation, to prostitution. There are women all along the male-defined political spectrum, including both extreme ends of it, ready to sacrifice some women, usually not themselves, to the brothels or the farms. The sacrifice is profoundly anti-feminist; it is also profoundly immoral.”
— Andrea Dworkin, Right-wing Women (1983)
Pontius Pilate as a woman @icefemsanonymous - Tumblr Blog | Tumlook
