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The low-emissivity coating is applied on glass surface to reduce the emissivity and maintain good light transmittance to meet the requirements of natural lighting. At the same time, it limit the penetration of infrared heat radiation, reaching better the thermal insulation performance. Low-E coated glass is being used as an environmentally-friendly and energy-saving high-performance building material, which is widely used in construction, automobiles. In modern buildings, the energy-saving and ornamental requirements of curtain wall glass are getting higher and higher. For areas with different climatic conditions, it is particularly important to choose suitable curtain wall glass. Sometimes in order to meet the design requirements, a combination of body tinted glass and Low-E coating is selected. This article will be based on the performance of single silver, double silver and triple silver coating on different glass substrates, and analysis how glass substrate affect coating performance .

Parameter to evaluate glass thermal performance

Evaluating the heat transferred through the glass consists of two parts, one is the heat energy transmitted through solar radiation, and the other is the heat energy transferred by the environmental temperature difference and long-wave infrared radiation on both sides of the glass. Usually we use SC-shading coefficient and U value to measure it. The smaller the Sc, the smaller the solar energy entering the room.

Transfer heat from a high-temperature object to a low-temperature object: heat conduction, heat convection, and thermal radiation. U value is the heat transfer coefficient, which reflects the heat transfer characteristics of glass and reflects the heat preservation performance of glass. Under the same environmental conditions, the lower the U value, the less heat transfer through the glass, and the better the heat preservation performance of the glass. Beside that,LSG ( light to solar heat gain) is another parameter showing the glass performance, higher LSG means,under same light transmittance condition, lower solar energy transmitted the glass. Learn more about heat transfer：Insulated glass-feature,thermal performance&calculation tool Below tests are based on Ashrae Summer condition: -

Different glass substrate performance

body tinted glass-green blue bronze grey Whether it’s clear ,low iron or body tinted glass,same glass surface emissivity decide the same U value. While color darkness decide different SC value,darker glass block more solar energy ,SC value is also lower. To achieve better energy-saving effects, it is necessary to coat Low-E film on glass, here we calculate performance based on 6 low-E+12A+6 Clear. 2.1 Single silver lowE insulated glass Low-transmittance single silver is coated on different substrates, conclusion is below: - U value basically does not change with the change of the substrate. - F green glass has the highest selection coefficient, followed by clear and low iron glass but light transmittance of green glass is nearly 18% lower - Based on low light transmittance ford blue and Euro grey glass, coated glass is also the lowest and the lowest LSG,which is not suitable for large area curtain wall. The same result happened to middle and high light transmittance single silver coatings,see below tables. When single silver with different transmittance is coated on different glass substrates, the IGU LSG selectivity coefficients are different.

Different LSG of single silver low-E coating on different substrate 2.2 Double silver lowE insulated glass Let’s analysis double silver low-E again. Below are our conclusion: - Apply double silver low-E coating on low iron glass can get the best light transmittance and the best LSG. - Insulated glass U value won’t affected by the glass substrate. - Compared with single silver low-E,double one has better LSG.But applied on low light transmittance body tinted glass,SC won’t decrease significantly which will lose its energy advantage.

Different LSG of double silver low-E coating on different substrate Triple silver low-E coatings has the same conclusion. Applied with same low-E coatings,different substrate will have different light and heat characteristics. Low iron glass exhibits higher transmittance and selectivity in double silver and triple silver coatings, as well as excellent energy-saving properties.

8 triple silver low-E+12AR+8C+12AR+13.52 LAMI Although green glass has higher LSG in some IGU systems, its visible light transmittance is lower. However, dark color body tinted are not suitable for large-area curtain walls due to their low transmittance. In practical applications, we found that the curtain wall using ultra-white glass not only has excellent energy-saving properties, but also has a good appearance effect. If no special requirements for tglass curtain wall colors t,it’s suggested to use glass combination of low iron glass with Low-E coatings to have better energy-saving characteristics and ideal appearance. In Southeast Asian and Middle East countries,customers prefer using glass combination of grey glass and low-E coatings,even though overall light transmittance can be controlled below 25%,but solar coefficient is not good as expected.

Due to its superior energy-saving performance, insulating glass has been used more and more widely in buildings. At the same time, with the gradual improvement of building energy-saving standards and the promotion and application of passive buildings, the requirements for the energy-saving characteristics of insulating glass are gradually increasing. Low-E glass is widely used, and the insulating glass is filled with inert gases such as argon and krypton,more and more warm edge spacer is used to replace traditional aluminium spacer. In previous posts,we introduced the function of Argon and warm edge spacer in double glass units. How argon content affect double glass unit performance Argon filled insulating glass VS warm edge spacer insulating glass Here we introduce new generation TPS insulating glass.

What’s TPS insulating glass?

TPS is short for THERMO PLASTICS PACER. TPS is a new type of insulating glass warm-edge system, which uses special butyl rubber as auxiliary material and is filled with thermoplastic spacers of desiccant which Can perfectly replace traditional aluminum spacers. TPS is not a new technology. It was first invented and put into commercial application by the German Kommerling Group. The first insulating glass using TPS technology was born in 1974, Dalian Huaying introduced China's first TPS insulating glass production line in 2010, realizing the integration of China's insulating glass warm edge technology with the world.

TPS IGU structure

Features of TPS insulating glass

(1) TPS thermoplastic spacers do not contain metal inserts, which improves the thermal barrier of the glass edge; (2) Have a more even surface temperature distribution on the inner and outer glass surfaces effectively reducing condensation; (3) Elastic edge sealing makes the glass design more flexible and convenient, which guarantee the IGU quality and stability. (4) Automatic production,High quality control, longer life; (5) The secondary sealant can be silicone or polysulfide sealant. Let analysis the TPS insulating glass,why it’s new generation?

shaped insulated glass production with TPS - Excellent thermal conductivity. The edge sealing materials of insulating glass include aluminum spacer, steel and stainless steel materials, organic silicon materials, etc. Due to the different thermal conductivity of the materials, the heat conduction formed at glass edge is also very different. Below table shows shows the thermal conductivity of different types of materials used in insulating glass. Thermoplastic spacers (TPS) abandon the aluminum, stainless steel and other metals with good heat transfer,The linear thermal conductivity of insulating glass made of TPS is much lower than that of traditional products, which prevents heat loss at glass edge. Thereby improving the energy-saving effect of the whole window.

Windows U value calculation TPS has better heat barrier properties than aluminum IGU. It can significantly increase the air temperature near the window and reduce the indoor temperature difference. It also has stable indoor climate, lower air convection, a more comfortable indoor environment, and reduces condensation on the edge of the glass.,reducing the maintenance cost of the window frame.

Indoor and glass surface temperature compare - Low Vapor &Air transmission rate TPS are directly extruded with special butyl rubber mixed desiccant, and the consistency of the sealing material is good. At the same time, because the TPS can also form an intimate chemical bond with secondary silicon sealant, the IGU structure is more stable with higher bonding strength. Table 2 shows the water vapor and gas permeability of different sealing materials. It can be seen that butyl rubber have better water vapor and gas barrier properties than silicone and polysulfide . According to the GB11944-2012 test, TPS IGU system has the lowest argon leakage rate,the test kept 5 cycles * 77days test and result is below,argon content decreased by around 4% after 5 cycles weather simulation,lifetime is much better than current other insulating glass systems. - Automatic glass production. TPS insulating glass system is produced by fully automatic machines. From glass handle and loading, the removal of the glass edge coating, the cleaning and drying, the placing of the thermoplastic strip, the argon filling,and glass bonding, and secondary sealant are produced by an automated system. Avoiding errors and inconsistencies that may be caused by manual operation, achieving a high degree of uniformity of corner sealing, completely eliminating the poor corner sealing of traditional aluminum insulating glass, and suitable for producing TPS IGU any type and size. 4.Perfect sealing performance,acoustic performance The good mechanical properties and peel strength of TPS ensure the edge sealing performance under positive and negative pressure. The elasticity of TPS thermoplastic spacers ensures that it can be applied to frequent changes in external temperature and wind pressure, and has good anti-resonance and sound insulation properties.

Aluminium spacer IGU will lose sealing effect under imbalance air pressure

TPS stripe is suitable for frequently changed temperature and pressure   TPS can not only maintain the IGU sealing performance, it can also withstand long-term strong squeezing without losing the sealing performance. Thermoplastic spacers (TPS) is a new generation of insulating glass edge sealing materials. This insulating glass system can increase the sealing life of insulating glass and improve the edge effect of insulating glass. It should be promoted vigorously. However, at present, both the materials and fully automatic production equipment need imported, and the price is one of the main reasons restricting the promotion and application of TPS insulating glass.

TPS insulated glass production line-Bystronic In China,there’re several TPS insulating glass manufacturers,such as Dalian Huaying,Linyi CNG,Baoding Dahan glass etc.With the increased requirement of passive houses and stricter energy saving demand, TPS will finally replace traditional aluminium ones,it will become the final element that can be upgraded in IGU system.

Glass is now one of the most widely used material in modern society,you can always easily find glass in your daily life.From windows&doors,to auto,shower doors,to electronic equipment:TV,computer,Mobile phones,etc,and even glass cups,decorations and lights. Glass itself is brittle material and easy to broken under impact,broken glass will have sharp corners and cause injury,especially thin glass panels.Through all kinds of strengthening process,glass become stronger and avoid possible injury.Methods to increase glass strength include thermally tempered glass and chemically tempered glass.Then what’s the difference between thermally tempered glass and chemically tempered glass? Thermally tempered glass:The principle is to heat the glass to a suitable temperature(670-720℃) and then cool it quickly, causing the glass surface to shrink sharply and form compressive stress. However, the glass middle area cools slower and formed tensile stress , which makes the glass obtain higher strength. Generally speaking, the higher the cooling strength, the greater glass strength.

glass thermally tempering process Chemically strengthened glass:The process is sink glass into 400℃ alkali salt solution ,then glass surface will have chemically exchange between small radius ions in glass and larger radius ions in the solution. For example, lithium ions in the glass are exchanged with potassium or sodium ions in the solution, and sodium ions in the glass are exchanged with potassium ions in the solution. The difference in the volume of alkali ions is used to form intercalation stress on glass surface. The amount of large ions squeezed into the surface of the glass is proportional to the surface pressure, so the amount and depth of ion exchange decide the final strengthening performance.

Chemically tempering furnace

Difference between Thermally&chemical strengthened glass

Pros and Cons of Thermally tempered glass: Pro 1: Low costs, large production capability.Glass tempering can be finished within 10 minutes. Pro 2: High mechanical strength, thermal resistance (safe working temperature can reach 287.78℃). Pro 3:Safety,glass will break into small fragments when broken, which can reduce harm to the human body. Cons:Glass self explosion, tempered glass can explode during tempering processing, storage, transportation, installation, and even after installation in uncertain time.

Minor edge damage during glass handling,scratch or nick during installation,design flaw, or a natural imperfection result in glass spontaneous breakage. The spontaneous explosion caused by visible defects in the glass, such as stones, sand particles, bubbles, inclusions, notches, scratches, edge bursts, etc.and unreasonable installation; Or nickel sulfide (NIS) impurities and heterogeneous particles in the glass cause the tempered glass to explode. Tempered glass cannot be further processed-cut,polishing ,so glass must be cut and polished before tempering process. Pros and Cons of Chemically strengthened glass: Pro 1. High strength, uniform stress, good stability, no self-explosion phenomenon, can be further cut and processed, no deform, no optical distortion, and is suitable for the reinforcement of glass products with special shapes and thin glass panel. Pro 2. The strength is 5 to 10 times that of float glass, the bending strength is 3 to 5 times higher, as well as 5-10 times higher impact strength. It improves the strength and safety at the same time. Chemical strengthened glass has higher strength than thermally tempered glass based on same thickness.

Chemically strengthened glass used in phone Pro 3. The resistance to rapid cold and rapid heat is 2-3 times the normal glass, can withstand temperature changes of more than 150LC, No fragile, and no spontaneous breakage. Pro 4. No deformation, and can chemically strengthening any shape glass, Such as arc shape, cylindrical shape, bottle shape, box shape, flat shape etc. Pro 5. Suitable for ultra-thin products below 3mm,no optical deformation,no bending. Cons: High production costs,low production efficiency.

Applications:

Thermally tempered glass:Widely used in places with high mechanical strength and safety requirements, such as: curtain walls, facade windows, indoor partitions, furniture, household appliances, partitions near heat sources and locations subject to severe cold and heat shocks, etc.The tempered glass will always been further processed to be laminated ,double glass units to get better thermal,safety and acoustic performance.

Architectural glass products used in curtain wall Chemically strengthened glass:Usually used in electronic display products, such as monitors, televisions, tablets, mobile phones, etc. as screen protection panels.

Chemically strengthened glass are used in electronic equipments Meanwhile chemically strengthened glass are used for architectural glass which cannot be toughened by glass tempering furnace,such as hot bending glass,irregular shape glass etc， as well as some area require extreme high strength glass such as high speed train.

This posts is not only related to China industry,but also related to every exporter and importer.

The power outage policy in China

This situation has recently appeared in some provinces and cities in China. Central air-conditioning in large shopping malls began to open for a limited time... In some places, residents’ homes have also started occasional power cuts..... Some factories are unable to start work due to electricity shortage, and workers are on holiday... In particular, the coastal areas imposed power cuts on factories. The factories could only give a large number of workers a holiday, and the newly purchased production lines could not be used, which caused considerable losses to export companies. According to incomplete statistics, 16 provinces across the country have introduced electricity cut measures .Ningxia, which is more aggressive, directly forced high-energy-consuming companies to suspend production for one month. The two major manufacturing provinces, Guangdong and Jiangsu, have also imposed power cuts on a considerable number of manufacturing companies and forced a reduction in production.

Production stopped in China factories It is a common situation encountered by production enterprises in Jiangsu Province, which is equivalent to the forcible reduction of production capacity by half.

Analysis of the power outage policies

Someone once ridiculed that the United States has a nuclear-powered money printing machine. Whenever they need money, they have to print a batch to harvest the world. Although it is a joke, the Americans really have a super money printing machine.

American can print money and purchase products globally   In order to alleviate the economic difficulties caused by the epidemic, Trump first printed a wave of money. Biden was in power for half a year, from the economic stimulus package, as well as the unemployment compensation plan and the "super infrastructure" plan. Adding the execution cost, it has been close to 10 trillion U.S. dollars, which is equivalent to the combined annual GDP of Germany, France, and Italy. The Americans print money to export inflation to the world. The money printed on paper by the Americans can be exchanged for goods and products from the world. However, the United States did not expect that India and Vietnam, the two major processing countries, were crippled by the Delta strain, and the factories were shut down and the society was shut down,let alone meeting American demand for goods. Only China in the world has been less affected by the Covid-19 and is able to produce goods in large quantities. As a result, massive orders flooded into China. According to statistics, in the first half of 2021, the total value of China imports and exports was 18.07 trillion yuan, an increase of 271% over the same period 2020. After receiving orders and receiving soft hands, China's foreign trade industry is supposed to have great profit? It's really not the case.But the embarrassing situation facing China's foreign trade industry is commodity prices are skyrocketing.

China global trade increased sharply in 2021 Bulk commodities generally refer to commodities that are homogeneous, tradable, and widely used as basic industrial raw materials, such as crude oil, non-ferrous metals, steel, agricultural products, iron ore, coal, etc. We can simply understand it as raw materials for production. For an industrialized country like China, the price increase of bulk commodities is uncomfortable, especially when the pricing power is not in their hands. Yao Jian, a former spokesperson of the Ministry of Commerce, reluctantly ridiculed: “China’s pricing power in the international trading system has almost completely collapsed. Whatever China buys will increase prices, and what China sells will decrease prices.” How severe is China's dependence on bulk commodities in the international market? Iron ore is totally dependent on imports, and Australia almost monopolizes the global iron ore resources; copper is also seriously insufficient. As the world's largest copper importer, its consumption accounts for 40% of the world. However, 70% of copper is controlled by international giants such as BHP Billiton. Although China has made great efforts in oil security, it is nothing more than diversification of channels. The pricing power is still in the hands of the United States. If United States says that prices will increase, and almost all chemical products will increase. The worst is coal. Although the economic prosperity cannot be separated from oil, China's economic growth is mainly driven by coal rather than oil, because 70% of China's total energy consumption is coal. In January 2021, 5500 kcal coal was 500 yuan/ton, it reached the highest point in September of 1009 yuan/ton!

coal price increase in 2021 This is a 100% increase! This is dying. You know, China’s thermal power generation accounts for 73% of the country’s power generation. As soon as the price of coal rises, the power plant finds that the money to buy electricity for one year is only enough for half a year. Too much! What's more, all companies are desperately starting work to respond to massive orders, and the sudden increase in power consumption has even used up the original one-year power generation plan. In 2021, industrial power consumption is 45.1 billion kWh, an increase of 206% over 2020. The power generation plan was used up in advance, the price of electric coal increased, and the power plant lost money, power outage became a last resort measure. The prices of bulk commodities price increases is easy, while the prices increase of processed goods is quite difficult. For Wall Street, price doubling is too easy, just find any reason to arrange a production outage. But bulk commodities can double their prices, and can industrial products double their prices? For example, the whole world knows that made in China products is high quality and cheap, and a piece of clothing costs only $20. The lower-level population in the United States particularly likes it. But if price  increase by 50%, China will lose a large group of target users immediately. If the prices of commodities are rising, can you stop purchasing? No, then you will not be able to produce anythings. And the mine will still be there, no loss.at all. So now China's hot export is a very embarrassing situation: Foreigners raise the price of raw materials and make big money. The Chinese work hard and make small money. Even because of the skyrocketing shipping fee, they can’t make money at all. They have to bear the inflation brought by the devaluation of the U.S. dollar.

How China’s measurement facing the embarrassing situation?

China has anticipated this situation a long time ago, and has also arranged a countermeasure in advance: dual control of energy consumption. Dual control of energy consumption refers to the dual control of total energy consumption and intensity, which can be simply understood as controlling the unit power consumption and controlling the total power consumption.The goal is to reduce dependence on energy consumption such as oil for economic growth, and to gradually transition to a low-carbon economy.

carbon control plan Obviously, the promotion was not so smooth. So power cut policy was implemented to control the society energy consumption,which has great influence on the industrial production. You should know that industry accounts for the absolute majority of electricity consumption, and it is also a major event directly related to the survival of the enterprise.Power is not the purpose, but the purpose is to regulate and control. At the beginning of the development of China’s manufacturing industry, it basically started from the low end. Because of the low barriers to entry, buying a few outdated equipment and a few people for training can start production at full capacity. It doesn’t matter if the quality is low. If Europe and the United States customers cannot accept the low quality,then products will be sold to Southeast Asia and Africa. The result of this is that decades have passed. China’s manufacturing industry still has not gotten rid of the extensive development model of high investment, high consumption, and high emissions. It not only has great damage and impact on the resources and environment, but also very low profit .Design, R&D and marketing capability increased only a little but caused a deep reliance on international orders and international raw materials. Although the profit is little, if the production capacity is expanded, there’ll be good returns and good profit as well. In normal times, this idea is correct, but the current situation is not feasible. Because once the epidemic eases and foreign production resumes, Chinese companies will face overcapacity, which can lead to losses and close down. And if it is worsened, the current debt and stock market bubbles in the United States are superimposed, and the world is likely to enter the Great Depression. it will be difficult for small enterprises to survive and will inevitably close in batches. In other words, no matter whether the epidemic situation is alleviated or worsened in the future, China's current low-end production capacity is likely to be unable to survive. Therefore, the country adopted power outage measures, part of the purpose is to remove low end production capability in advance,everyone should control production capacity and force industrial upgrades.

What’s industrial upgrades?

Industrial upgrade simply means product quality upgrade, technology upgrade, brand upgrade, none of them is easy. Product differentiation, technology accumulation, and brand formation require time, money and even luck to complete. The probability of success is probably less than 1%. This is a very difficult decision for many small enterprises to decide the uncertain industrial upgrade or not. Therefore, the country must take action to help them make up their minds to force small and medium-sized enterprises to step out of their comfort zone and upgrade their industries, because they cannot survive unless they upgrade!

4.0 industry For example, in the early years, Guangdong was phosphorous copper ball production base, and the labor cost was RMB1500/ton. After the labor shortage, various factories were desperately recruiting people, and labor costs continued to increase. Finally, one factory could not stand it and just spent RMB 5 million to introduce a fully automatic robot production line which reduced the labor cost to RMB1,000/MT, and the product quality is very stable, and there will be no mistakes. More importantly, other factories work eight hours a day, even if they work overtime, it is still 10 hours. However, his factory produces 24 hours without interruption and has a monthly output value of up to RMB100 million, which has a huge advantage. As a result, more than 180 other local factories producing phosphor bronze balls closed down.

What’s the influence of the power outage policy?

The pricing power of raw materials is controlled by international capital, and the pricing increase has brought great profit to the capitals,now China is trying to get the pricing power of finished products. After power outage and Forcing companies to reduce production,the demand for international raw materials has decreased.then the prices of raw materials will stabilize and consolidate. After the production cut, the total export production capacity decreased, then the price of finished products will rise. Anyway,only China control the Covid-19,and is the first country to resume work and production on a large scale, and only China can meet the global huge demand. In one word,after decreased production capability,The cost of raw materials has dropped, the price of finished products has risen, energy consumption has been reduced, and higher finished products price,meanwhile ,more and more China enterprises will try to upgrade their production lines and decrease unit costs and energy consumption. For oversea importers, the price of purchased products from China will increase and finally increased because of limited supply capability.The inflation will finally been brought to the world.

On August 6, 2021, certified by the Guinness Book of World Records, the nearly 17-meter ultra-high all-glass curtain wall of the Taikang mansion produced by Tianjin NorthGlass, is the world largest glass window, The unit glass window area reached 50.869 square meters.

GUINNESS record-world largest glass window Taikang Financial Tower is located in the core area of Beijing’s CBD, adjacent to well-known buildings such as China Zun and CCTV Headquarters.Total height 223.4 meters,covering 8,427 square meters, and the total construction area is 182,135 sqm. The building lobby adopts a seam-type all-glass curtain wall and a floor-mounted double-laminated insulated all-glass curtain wall system. The size of a single piece of glass is 17.1m×3.107m, glass weighs 6.5 tons.   Owner:Taikang Weiye Facade contractor:Beijing Jangho Curtain wall Co.,Ltd Glass processor:Tianjin Northglass technology

17Meters insulated glass in China1-made in Northglass Glass combination: Curtain wall:12HS+1.52SGP+12HS Low-E+16A+12HS+1.52SGP+12HS low iron laminated insulated glass,standard glass panel:2970*17000mm,Max panel 3107*17000mm. Glass fin:12TP*6+1.52SGP*5 laminated glass,standard glass panel:1020*17000mm.

17000 3107 world largest single glass window-Morn The vertical sides of the glass panels and the glass fin are completely connected by silicone structural sealant, and the force transmission model and force analysis are extremely complicated. Meanwhile the processing requirement is also very strict:Diagonal size deviation is controlled within ±3mm, the verticality size deviation of the 17M curtain wall is controlled within ±5mm, the sealant gap width deviation is within ±2mm. Here are more pictures about the project:

Ultra long glass installation at site

Glass fin- ultra long 17M glass fin made in China Due to the owner's adjustment of the project's function and the refined design of the lobby, the construction period of the super large glass curtain wall was passively postponed three times, with a time span of more than three years. But Northglass and Jangho curtain wall realized zero damage, zero replacement, zero accidents, fulfilled the solemn promise of Jangho people, and finally handed over a very satisfactory answer to the customer About Northglass: NorthGlass started the cooperation with Apple in 2008 and officially started the research and development of super large curtain wall glass. In 2009, it developed 12.8 meters super large curved tempered glass and applied it to Shanghai Pudong Apple Store. In 2012, it independently developed 18 meters Flat&bending tempering furnace, and then completed many large glass curtain wall projects such as Hong Kong Taikoo, Apple Headquarters, Taikang Financial Building, and continued to break its own record to develop and manufacture a 24-meter production line.

Tianjin Northglass factory-oversized glass tempering Actually despite Northglass,there’re also many China glass processors keep introducing and developing oversized and over-width architectural glass products to fulfill the new and unique design concept. Cooperating with these advanced glass processors,Morn now is also able to manufacture and supply jumbo sized tempered,laminated ,and insulated glass products,with superior quality equivalent to Northglass but much better price.  

MORN-Oversized glass processing capability

Ultra long double curved tempered glass  

High temperature printed glass,is an artistic glass product produced in tempering furnace whose temperature over 650°C,under the high temperature,the inks got sintered on glass surface permanently. As a construction and decoration material, high temperature printed glass has beautiful, shading and other functions, and is widely used in building decoration, house decoration and other industries. The traditional high temperature printed glass is to print inorganic glaze on the surface of flat glass through screen printing process, and then dry (usually not exceed 200 ℃), sintering (600~700℃ tempering treatement) , the glass ink is permanently sintered to the glass surface, thereby obtaining a glass product with abrasion resistance, acid and alkali resistance, UV and infrared resistance. The product can design patterns according to customer needs and obtain decorative materials with artistic effects and special structural functions. Usually the screen printing pattern is relatively simple.

various colors digital print can achieve-Morn glass In recent years, with the maturity of digital printing technology, digital printed glass has been quickly applied in indoor and outdoor decoration due to its beautiful patterns and bright colors. UV printing glass is an earlier generation of full-color digital printing technology that replaces the screen printing process. It is suitable for all kinds of organic substrates such as signs, PVC, acrylic, plastic, leather, cloth, wood board, etc., and there are also attempts to carry out UV printing processing on the surface of metal, glass, stone and so on. Since there was no printing process specifically for glass earlier, and UV printing can achieve rich pattern effects in the environment at the time, UV printing glass has also been accepted and applied by many designers within a certain safety limit.

Digital printing VS UV printing

Both digital printing and UV printing process on glass surface,both has the advantages of rapid realization in  graphic patterns, and the advantages of flexible graphic pattern design. It is designed in many glass applications that require personalized decoration. But the properties of their materials are completely different. Comprehensive consideration is required in the design and application of glass to avoid the failure or errors.

Digitally printed glass products-produced by Dip-tech-Morn Below table shows the difference between digitally printed glass and UV printed glass. Based on above table,compared with UV printed glass,digital printed glass has below advantages: - Digitally printed glass can be used in outdoor. The solidification principle of digital printing glass is to integrate the ceramic digital printing ink into the glass surface after high temperature sintering process. The toner in the ink is mined from various minerals in nature, so it has the ability to blend naturally with glass (the main component SiO₂). , And the performance that will not change color after decades. The inks materials decide the printed glass has perfect weather resistance,acid&alkali resistance,alcohol&water resistance.,it can be used in outdoor glass projects for decades and same lifetime as glass itself. “Dip-Tech" has been developing digital printing since 2005. Digitally printed glass is applied in global projects in various regional climates for over 10 years, and has demonstrated its excellent weather resistance in interior and exterior projects.

Outdoor application of digital printed glass-China Morn Glass UV printed glass shortage: - UV printed glass use organic inks,In the acid and alkali resistance test and the alcohol resistance test, the UV ink formed wrinkles and fell off. - In terms of weather resistance, UV printed glass begins to change color in 30 days in a natural environment, and cracks and curls begin to form after three months; in indoor project applications, the glass is UV-printed glass can be used for 2-3 years. - Because UV ink has poor adhesion on smooth glass surface, it can be easily scratched with nails or sharp tools.

Quality problem of UV printed glass - Digitally printed glass can control the color transparency. The process design of Dip-Tech ceramic digital printing is quite perfect. It can easily achieve various light transmittance requirements of any area and any graphic by customizing the color transparency and controlling the printing ink volume in the printing process.

DIGITAL PRINTING can achieve color transparency Gradient glass with gradient color effect can be achieved benefiting from this advantage.

Gradient color effect of digital printed glass Some high-end UV printing equipment also has the function of adjusting the ink volume, but organic ink still cannot produce the effect of high opacity, so common color UV single-layer printing is transparent color effect. 3.Digital printed glass can be further made into tempered,laminated glass,and insulated glass. The solidification principle of ceramic digital printing is to melt through the tempering process of 680-720℃, so it must be tempered after printing. The tempering process include tempering,heat strengthen,heat soaked,curved,hot bending ,as well as further laminating and insulating process to increase the glass safety and energy saving performance.

curved glass partition made with digital printed glass-China Morn Tha maximum temperature of UV inks is 120 ℃，glass cannot be tempered and further processing,to increase the glass safety,UV printing must be applied on already flat tempered glass.

High temperature printed glass,is an artistic glass product produced in tempering furnace whose temperature over 650°C,under the high temperature,the inks got sintered on glass surface permanently. As a construction and decoration material, high temperature printed glass has beautiful, shading and other functions, and is widely used in building decoration, house decoration and other industries. The traditional high temperature printed glass is to print inorganic glaze on the surface of flat glass through screen printing process, and then dry (usually not exceed 200 ℃), sintering (600~700℃ tempering treatement) , the glass ink is permanently sintered to the glass surface, thereby obtaining a glass product with abrasion resistance, acid and alkali resistance, UV and infrared resistance. The product can design patterns according to customer needs and obtain decorative materials with artistic effects and special structural functions. Usually the screen printing pattern is relatively simple.

various colors digital print can achieve-Morn glass In recent years, with the maturity of digital printing technology, digital printed glass has been quickly applied in indoor and outdoor decoration due to its beautiful patterns and bright colors. UV printing glass is an earlier generation of full-color digital printing technology that replaces the screen printing process. It is suitable for all kinds of organic substrates such as signs, PVC, acrylic, plastic, leather, cloth, wood board, etc., and there are also attempts to carry out UV printing processing on the surface of metal, glass, stone and so on. Since there was no printing process specifically for glass earlier, and UV printing can achieve rich pattern effects in the environment at the time, UV printing glass has also been accepted and applied by many designers within a certain safety limit.

Digital printing VS UV printing

Both digital printing and UV printing process on glass surface,both has the advantages of rapid realization in  graphic patterns, and the advantages of flexible graphic pattern design. It is designed in many glass applications that require personalized decoration. But the properties of their materials are completely different. Comprehensive consideration is required in the design and application of glass to avoid the failure or errors.

Digitally printed glass products-produced by Dip-tech-Morn Below table shows the difference between digitally printed glass and UV printed glass. Based on above table,compared with UV printed glass,digital printed glass has below advantages: - Digitally printed glass can be used in outdoor. The solidification principle of digital printing glass is to integrate the ceramic digital printing ink into the glass surface after high temperature sintering process. The toner in the ink is mined from various minerals in nature, so it has the ability to blend naturally with glass (the main component SiO₂). , And the performance that will not change color after decades. The inks materials decide the printed glass has perfect weather resistance,acid&alkali resistance,alcohol&water resistance.,it can be used in outdoor glass projects for decades and same lifetime as glass itself. “Dip-Tech" has been developing digital printing since 2005. Digitally printed glass is applied in global projects in various regional climates for over 10 years, and has demonstrated its excellent weather resistance in interior and exterior projects.

Outdoor application of digital printed glass-China Morn Glass UV printed glass shortage: - UV printed glass use organic inks,In the acid and alkali resistance test and the alcohol resistance test, the UV ink formed wrinkles and fell off. - In terms of weather resistance, UV printed glass begins to change color in 30 days in a natural environment, and cracks and curls begin to form after three months; in indoor project applications, the glass is UV-printed glass can be used for 2-3 years. - Because UV ink has poor adhesion on smooth glass surface, it can be easily scratched with nails or sharp tools.

Quality problem of UV printed glass - Digitally printed glass can control the color transparency. The process design of Dip-Tech ceramic digital printing is quite perfect. It can easily achieve various light transmittance requirements of any area and any graphic by customizing the color transparency and controlling the printing ink volume in the printing process.

DIGITAL PRINTING can achieve color transparency Gradient glass with gradient color effect can be achieved benefiting from this advantage.

Gradient color effect of digital printed glass Some high-end UV printing equipment also has the function of adjusting the ink volume, but organic ink still cannot produce the effect of high opacity, so common color UV single-layer printing is transparent color effect. 3.Digital printed glass can be further made into tempered,laminated glass,and insulated glass. The solidification principle of ceramic digital printing is to melt through the tempering process of 680-720℃, so it must be tempered after printing. The tempering process include tempering,heat strengthen,heat soaked,curved,hot bending ,as well as further laminating and insulating process to increase the glass safety and energy saving performance.

curved glass partition made with digital printed glass-China Morn Tha maximum temperature of UV inks is 120 ℃，glass cannot be tempered and further processing,to increase the glass safety,UV printing must be applied on already flat tempered glass.

The photovoltaic panel module is a power generation device that generates directly when exposed to the sun. It is composed of thin solid photovoltaic cells almost entirely made of semiconductor materials (such as silicon). Since there are no moving parts, it can be operated for a long time without causing any loss.

solar station-solar glass-China morn glass As new generation power,photovoltaic power industry is developing quite fast in China,below table shows the total power generation capability of China solar industry recently years. Different from BIPV solar glass ,the Solar glass used in solar station,are usually 2.0 or 3.2mm low iron patterned tempered glass which uneven surface which can decrease the light reflectance and increase the solar panel production efficiency.

Solar glass price trend -2019-2021

In the past two years, the price of photovoltaic solar glass has fluctuated sharply. In 2019, under the background of the shortage of materials and the continuous increase of new double glass modules, the price of photovoltaic glass has increase by 40%,from USD3.1/SQM toUSD4.4/SQM. In the second half of 2020, the domestic photovoltaic market demand is strong, and the supply of photovoltaic glass is insufficient, and the price has doubled, once more than USD7.8/SQM. However, since March 2021, affected by the price increase of the entire photovoltaic industry chain, terminal demand has been sluggish, the scale of new installed capacity has declined year-on-year, and the price of photovoltaic glass has instantly dropped to the level of 2019.

China solar glass price-2021 According to the calculations of the China Photovoltaic Industry Association, 2021 China new installed capacity is about 55 million KW, while only 13 million KW were completed in the first half of the year. Since 2021 Sep,many solar glass manufacturers announced price increase,The average price of 3.2mm solar glass was USD4.05/SQM. the average price of 2.2mm solar was USD3.15/SQM, This is the highest average price of solar glass in the spot market since mid-May, which has risen for two consecutive weeks.

tempered solar glass packing The market demand was released in next few months, and the supply of photovoltaic glass was insufficient during the same period, and the supply of photovoltaic glass will once again enter a tight balance.

Solar glass price trend -2021-2025

In fact, when the price of photovoltaic glass reached high point in 2020, the industry began to  build new production lines. According to statistics released by EnergyTrend, at least 12 major photovoltaic glass expansion projects have been announced in2021, with a total investment of nearly 7 billion dollars.

Solar glass production We believes that these new capacities cannot solve the short-term shortage of photovoltaic glass. The general construction period is 1.5 to 2 years. 2021 production expansion projects are not expected to be fully released until 2023, and the capacity supply situation in 2021 cannot be effectively alleviated. In the long run, from 2022 to 2023, the industry's new capacity will be relatively large, and the expansion projects started from 2021 will be released in 2023, then the price of photovoltaic glass may decrease. It is estimated that by 2025, photovoltaic glass production capacity can meet global demand.  the production capacity of ultra-white patterned glass can reach 110,000 tons/day, which can effectively support the world's 677 million KW requirement per year.

Tempered solar glass suply -China Morn Glass Despite solar glass,the 3.2mm low iron patterned glass can also be used in glass greenhouse ,Morn work with China leading glass manufacturers and process with continuous tempering furnace,daily output reach 8000 square meters.Product include: Clear tempered glass,low iron tempered glass,low iron patterned tempered glass,AR coated glass etc with good price and superior quality.Kindly contact us if any questions.

The shower room is loved by consumers for its advantages such as small space, but it is disturbing that the  shower door glass has a spontaneous explosion rate of 3‰,whether it’s frameless shower door or framed ones. If you are not careful, your personal safety will be threatened. "Why does shower door glass explode?" The quality and safety of the shower room has become the most concerned issue for consumers CASE STUDY :People get hurt for glass explosion. Last month, Ms. Wong gave the child a bath at home, but the family were all injured. Ms. Wong "I was about to close the door and found that the door magnet didn’t work.Unexpectedly, just after Ms. Pei’s husband’s hand was placed on the tempered glass door ,the glass exploded.The glass exploded from the middle and all hit my back. Ms. Wong’s back, legs and hands were all scratched by glass, and there were obvious wounds on her husband's arms.

shower door glass spontaneous breakage

What caused shower door glass explosion?

Why does the shower room explode? Many people naturally associate the shower room with the temperature difference? Is it really? Next, use three experiments to prove, everyone pay attention to it~ Test 1:Is the shower room explosion caused by uneven heating? In the hot summer, the highest temperature of the glass surface is about 65℃. When hitting the tempered glass with a hammer a few times, and the glass was intact.

Hitting tempered glass at 65 degree Next, start to heating the glass with a spray gun for 10 minutes until the glass temperature reaches 300°C, but there is no problem.

heating glass to 300 degrees This also means that the temperature will not leading to tempered glass spontaneous explosion. Now let’s see if the shower room bursts due to the alternating cold and hot in the bathroom? We use cold water to pour directly on the glass in the high temperature of 300 ℃. the tempered glass suddenly encountered cold water but smoked a little, but did not burst.

cold water cannot cause glass breakage In fact, high-quality tempered glass encountered a heating process (650-700 degrees) and fast cooling process,After a special process, the general temperature will not cause the tempered glass to explode. Test 2:Is the shower room explosion caused by float glass quality? The deciding reason for glass spontaneous explosion is the float glass used, because the float itself contains impurities—nickel sulfide. The more impurities and bubbles, the higher the rate of spontaneous explosion. Next, use low-quality tempered glass that is cheaper and has obvious impurities to continue the experiment.

impurity inside glass The tempered glass temperature has increased by 200℃, and pour cold water on the glass. When cold water touched the glass, the glass broke and collapsed in less than 2 seconds.

poor quality glass broken under cold water There are sulfide stones in this glass. After the experiment, the sulfide stones cause micro-cracks in the glass, which causes the glass to explode spontaneously. Uneven heat and cold is the inducement of the glass explosion, and the fundamental reason is bad glass quality. There are impurities in the float glass, which will change the stress of the whole glass and cause spontaneous explosion when affected by the temperature difference. Therefore, do not buy cheap shower room.   Test 3:Improper installation also leading to glass explosion. Two pieces quality tempered glass, the same size and the same thickness,. One piece without any processing. The other one is reinforced at 4 corners, 3 loose and 1 tight, let’s see if there is any glass firmness difference.When installing reinforced tempered glass, it is required to to have even force around it. But testers deliberately tightened the screw in one of the corners to simulate improper installation.

glass test 3 to test if installation affect glass strength The tempered glass that has not been treated has been smashed a lot and no broken.

glass impact test-untreated glass The reinforced toughened glass broke very soon. Therefore, toughened glass that looks very durable will become very fragile as long as the stress structure changes.

  This shows how important shower room installation is. Therefore, everyone must go to the physical store to buy the shower room. Not only can you intuitively see the quality , but also the physical store can give you professional services. Below is the full process of the test: Learn more about glass spontaneous breakage:The reason of tempered glass self explosion

How shall we purchase the right shower door?

- Check glass quality. - A good shower room has transparent glass and no defects such as dots and bubbles. - There is tempering logoon the glass corner.

TEMPERED GLASS LOGO-MORN-SGCC-KITEMARK-CHINA-GLASS - Check aluminium profiles - Look at the hardness of aluminum The thickness of the qualified shower room aluminum profile is above 1.2mm,The hardness of aluminum can be tested by pressing the aluminum frame by hand. Aluminum with a hardness of 13 degrees or more is difficult for an adult to deform by pressing it by hand. - A good shower room has a smooth surface, no chromatic aberration and perfect surface treatment.

These days one of our customer asked price for 3.2+2.28PVB+3.2MM clear laminated glass,but we suggest changing the glass combination to 4+0.76 Trosifol PVB+4mm for below reasons: 1.According to research,because PVB is soft materials,the thicker interlayer used in laminated glass,the inferior tensile bonding strength and shear bonding strength.

PVB thickness affect glass bonding strength - Multi layer PVB won't help much in acoustic performan Glass thickness is the most important factor deciding the final soundproof performance,but not PVB thickness. Here is a result from Guardian Acoustic calculator: More info can be found: https://glassanalytics.guardian.com/acoustics-calculator 3.Multi layer PVB result in higher price. Even though most factories use China brand  PVB,but 6 layers PVB price is about 3 layers international brand. 4.Bad Quality. As glass processor,I have to say,most China PVB brand cannot pass the boiling water test. For international certificate apply and test,factory will use Saflex or Trosifol and prepare samples specifically. For bulk orders,it's hard to pass the test if you test the pieces cut from bulk orders. Meanwhile more PVB means more yellow color....

laminated glass production -China Morn Our suggestion,is to change to 4+0.76 Trosifol +4,total thickness is 8.76mm,almost equivalent to original glass,but you'll have extra benefit: 1.Cheaper price than 6 layers China PVB ones. 2.More reliable quality. 3.Extra clear color appearance. 4.Better shear bonging strength and tensile bonding strength. 5.Worry free after sales for superior quality. - 2Dbs better soundproof performance. Many customers don’t know clearly the PVB thickness used in their projects,here we conclude and offer recommendation as below:

colorful laminated glass used in glass facade_Mornglass -

Float glass laminated glass.

The selection of PVB thickness for float glass laminated glass should follow below tables, bulletproof glass, glass for aquariums and multilayer laminated glass are excluded. Even though float glass is quite flat ,0.38mm and even 0.25mm PVB thickness is enough to bond glass together,but for thicker glass ,heavy weight&large panel require thicker PVB to get better bonding effect. -

Heat treated laminated glass- Flat.

Heat treated glass products, due to the inevitable glass wave and bow deformation during the tempering process, the gap between the glass caused by this deformation will be filled by the PVB film.Especially when laminating coated glass,silk screen glass,or laminating unequal thickness glass ,the glass overall bow will be more obvious and require thicker PVB. Remark: - In order to ensure that the glass don’thave edge degumming or bubbles during the warranty period, and to ensure the safety performance of the glass, avoid potential safety hazards and future losses, the selection of PVB film should be strict. B.It’s not suggested to use glass combination When the thickness of the two pieces of glass differs by more than 3mm,extra 0.38mm PVB should be added based on above table. - For special-shaped tempered and heat-strengthened laminated glass, the thickness of PVB must be increased by 0.38mm because of the greater deformation at the edge of shaped glass. - When the glass height and widthare both greater than 800mm and the ratio is close to 1, it is difficult to control the glass waveform, greater deformation will occur , The thickness of PVB must be increased by 0.38mm.

PVB laminated glass production -

Curved heat treated glass,hot bending glass.

Since 2021, affected by multiple factors, the price of China float glass has increased significantly compared with 2020, which has caused a greater reaction from downstream enterprises(glass processors,facade contractors,real estate developers) . Especially after May,2021, frequent tight supply of float glass has been, and the price has been running at a high level and continuously rising. In August, float glass industry listed companies have successively released performance reports for the first half of 2021. Benefiting from the high prosperity, the performance of these flat glass companies is very gratifying.

float glass production lines in China The price of flat glass has risen rapidly, but the price transmission from upstream to downstream is not smooth. Glass deep processing companies that do not have their own flat glass production lines, have to purchase raw materials at high prices and then selling the products at a loss. On May 29 this 2021, seven glass deep-processing industry associations(Henan,Shanxi,Hunan,Ningxia,Luoyang,Wuhan,Hefei) gathered in Huangshan City, and issued an appeal to relevant state ministries and commissions to investigate the abnormal float glass price increase. The Politburo meeting held on July 30 also pointed out that the current global epidemic is still evolving, the external environment has become more complex and severe, and the domestic economic recovery is still unstable and uneven; it is necessary to "do a good job in ensuring the supply of bulk commodities and stabilizing prices." On August 3, the China government also held a flat glass price symposium. Lv Guixin, the first-level inspector of the Raw Materials Department, said bluntly: At present, the continuous price increase under the background of excessive production capacity,the situation is out of the fundamentals of the industry, and the policy does not allow it. It is necessary to fully realize the harm caused by the excessive and rapid rise of the original price.   What are the consequences of fast and continuous price increase of flat glass prices? What causes its price misalignment to be so serious? Will prices fall before 2021? How can we avoid recurring waves in the industry?

Multi factors affect float glass price in 2021 China-morn

China Float glass price keep increasing

The rate of increase of float glass in 2021 is the highest since the abolition of the national glass distribution price in 1993.Said Mr Sun Xingshou, deputy secretary general of China Building Materials Federation. After the outbreak of the Covid-19 in early 2020, the production and sales of the float glass industry have shrunk sharply, and prices falled sharply. In April 2020, the price of flat glass fell to a low record to USD210/MT. With the joint efforts of the industry to promote the resumption of work and production, the price of float glass will gradually recover after May 2020. In 2020 August, it recovered to normal price level USD295/MT, and climbed to USD350/MT at the end of the year. Since 2021, the price of flat glass has declined first and then increased, and has accelerated after May, reaching a peak of USD500/MT in August,2021,it’s already much higher than global average price.

China-float-glass-price-trend-2020-2021 The excessively high and rapid increase has caused great response from downstream enterprises and some users in the industry chain. Glass deep processing enterprises are in the middle a of the industrial chain, and are dominated by small, medium sized enterprises, with weak bargaining power and weak transmission and digestion of cost pressures. "We’ll customers if no delivery, but huge loss if deliver glass”. Many companies want to delay the delivery date, thinking that a little bit less loss." According to a description by deep processing company boss, in May 2021,When the rise was the most intense,daily rise is very common. However, due to poor downstream price transmission and upstream raw material prices increase, it is very difficult for them to "live" under the attack of both ends. The upstream and downstream industries are inseparable from each other. From a deeper point of view, the price of flat glass is too high and too fast to rise, which may also endanger the effectiveness of the flat glass industry in resolving overcapacity and supply-side structural reforms in recent years. According to Sun Xingshou's recollection, the problem of overcapacity of float glass began in 2009. Under the loose macro policies at the time, high domestic infrastructure demand drove a large number of float glass production capacity. In 2008, the production capacity of flat glass was 33.5 million tons, which surged to 38 million tons in 2009, and there are more than 5 million tons under construction. At that time, there was a serious overcapacity problem in the entire industry, and the utilization rate of capacity gradually declined, and the price of flat glass was also declining. In the next few years, government departments successively issued de-capacity documents, prohibiting new and expanding float glass production capacity projects, strictly implement the new capacity replacement policy in order to contain and resolve the problem of overcapacity. Float glass also achieved rapid growth in production and sales without increasing production capacity. In 2021,Sep,the industry has 299 effective production lines with a production capacity of 197,600 tons/day; 265 production lines with a production capacity of 175,500 tons/day. From January to September,2021, the industry statistic is as below: - 14 production lines were resumed, with a production capacity of +9900 tons/day; - 6 new float glass lines, with a production capacity of +4000 tons/day; - 8 cold repair lines (2 had resumed production), with a production capacity of -5350 tons/day; Compared with the beginning of the 2021, the production capacity is +5.12%. and the production capacity is at a historical high.

float glass stocks

Multi factors affect price increase

- Raw materials increase. Since the beginning of 2021, the prices of bulk commodities and raw materials have risen considerably, which has brought certain cost pressures to the flat glass industry. Taking Guangdong as an example, the quartz sand used for glass production has an increase of 50%; the quartz sand for ultra-white glass rose by more than 80%; soda ash price rose over 40%, and fuels such as natural gas have also increased by more than 10% recently. "Overall, the production cost of float glass has risen by more than 12.5%." - The sharp reduction in inventory is also the direct reason. Key flat glass companies have maintained low inventories this year. In the past, under normal circumstances, corporate inventory was basically maintained at 20 days. In 2021 It has dropped to about 10 days, sometimes even less than 10 days." - The strong pull from the demand side cannot be underestimated. The outbreak of the Covid-19 in early 2020 has caused the real estate delayed delivery time, and the real estate market has substantially "cleared inventory" . The data shows that from January to June this year, the floor space of houses completed nationwide was 364.81 million square meters, a year-on-year increase of 25.7%, of which the growth rate in June reached 66.5%. In particular, large-scale promotion of energy-saving doors and windows in shed renovation and renovation of old communities has made the demand for glass in the construction sector more obvious. - Government policy. Due to environmental protection reasons, Xingtai, Tangshan and other regions limited production in recent years, resulting in a tight supply of flat glass in stages and pushing up the glass market price. - Additional factors such as capital intervention, hoarding, and abusing pricing power, etc. The doping of factors eventually led to the abnormal price. The act of hoarding float glass not only involves float glass manufacturers and distributors, but also deep-processing enterprises. The emergence of these excessive speculations not only contributed to the price increase, but also disrupted the normal production and sales cycle.

China float glass price ikeep increasing in 2021

 Price will keep high in balance 2021

September and October is the traditional peak season of glass industry,but 2021 is different. The overall market trading atmosphere is stable, the fulfillment rate of order delivery has declined, demand has weakened slightly compared with August, and the enthusiasm for downstream purchases is weak. Since July, due to extreme weather, repeated epidemics, delayed demand and other factors, the industry's inventory has continued to increase. The average inventory days this week is close to 15 days, +4.9 days from the August, but the overall inventory of the industry is still at a low level. The construction progress of the project was affected, and the processing plants were cautious in receiving orders to control the capital risk. Some enterprises' orders generally even weakened slightly; the phenomenon of reminding orders for finished goods decreased, and the pressure on finished goods inventory of processing plants increased. On the whole, the price of glass is at a high level, terminal payment is slow, processing companies are cautious about rising material costs, and short-term demand may continue to be flat, but terminal demand will only be late and will not be absent. The current price increase is due to the explosive growth of demand, which has led to fluctuations in the relationship between supply and demand in the short term.China has always encouraged the promotion of energy-saving insulating glass. "From one piece to two pieces,and then triple insulated glass three pieces."  the proportion of demand for flat glass will increase further in the second half of the year. Flat glass is included in the "two high" (high energy consumption, high pollution) industries. Under the guidance of the "dual-carbon" goal, the supply of flat glass production capacity will not increase much, and the environmental pressure on enterprises will also increase further.

float glass production lines in China-high price in 2021 But some guys offered different opinion: - As the float glass line cold repair and capacity replacement are put into production, the supply is gradually increasing; - After the peak of the real estate market, the domestic market demand will decline. - This round of price increases is something that both the supply and demand sides are unwilling to see, and both hope to fall back. " - Domestic prices are likely to fall, and by the end of 2021, they may gradually return to the state at the beginning of 2021, and will be further adjusted after the first half of 2022."

Morn Opinion:

As glass trading company,Morn has seen that glass export,both float glass and processed glass products decreased significantly compared with 2020.In addition to 10-20 times increased shipping fees,the glass trading companies survive is quite difficult,China glass industry is losing its competitive in global market.

SentryGlas®Plus (SGP) is an ionic interlayer used in laminated glass,developed by Dupont and now part of Kuraray.

Glass-bridge-SGP-laminated-glass - Its tearingstrength&Shearing modulus is 5 times that of PVB, and hardness is 100 times that of PVB. - At room temperature, the bending deflection of SGP laminated glass is similar to thatof equal thickness Compared with PVB laminated glass, SGP laminated glass has higher structural rigidity and bending resistance, and the bearing capacity is twice that pf same thickness PVB laminated glass. - The application of SGP laminated glass can effectively reduce the thickness of the glass, thereby reducing the weight of the curtain wall. - SGP laminated glass is more resistant to the influence of temperature environment . - SGP itself is colorless and transparent, and is not easy to yellow. When combined with ultra-white glass (low iron glass, high transmittance glass), it can achieve top crystal clear opticalEffect; - SGP has excellent edge stability, moisture resistance, and will not de-laminatedue to moisture. - The broken SGP laminated glass has small bending deformation and can withstand a certain amount of load, unlike PVB laminated glass after being broken. In addition, SGP can greatly improve the anti-collision performance, anti-theft, anti-riot performance and anti-disaster performance of the glass. SGP's high strength, high transparency, and durability make it easy to adapt to the latest and most stringent requirements of today's construction market. Recent years,many China interlayer manufacturers also developed similar products,featured manufacturers include Qun’an, Fullsbond,Jingdun,and Huakai ,etc.With cheaper price and similar performance,China made SGP is becoming perfect substitute of Kuraray SGP product.Compared with Kuraray ,China made SGP has below advantages: - Better price. China local SGP price is 50% cheaper than Trosifol SGP. - Flexible width:Kuraray SGP has limited width options,while China one can be customized. - No production authorization. Factories don’t need to get authorization. - Factories don’t need to report prior production.Even though Kuraray authorized SGP glass manufacturers need to report several months before production,but for China SGP,no limitation. The interlayer manufacturers also passed the tests for laminated glass,including boiling water test,podium impact test,and some even got Miami Dade hurricane proof windows &glass test.Many customers select to use China SGP to replace Kuraray SGP for limited budget.

Color compare -SGP laminated glass But customers don’t know clearly the performance between China made SGP and real SGP products,Mr Zhouzhen in Kuraray China issued a report analyse the difference. -

Raw material difference.

Kuraray SGP use special ionic resin for construction grade as raw material and production finished in USA and the Czech. Kuraray is the sole purchaser of DuPont ionic resin for construction.The resin has high light transmittance,high bonding strength,high weather resistance and less yellow color. Local imitators cannot purchase DuPont’s special ionic resin for construction, it will generally use DuPont resins used in cosmetic bottle caps and bottle bodies, and added part of the wastes of Kuraray SentryGlas® plus, and mixed them. -

Optical performance difference.

Kuraray SentryGlas® Plus  has high light transmittance (low fog Degree), excellent optical properties such as low yellowing index. Other domestic SGPs have shortcomings such as high haze and high yellowing index.If applied in Large, thicke, multi-layer glass and ultra-white laminated glass will have heavy fogging and yellowish problem.

haze problem happened in China local SGP laminated glass -

Bonding strength difference.

Kuraray SGP has higher adhesion to glass.Other domestic SGP films have low adhesion to glass, which is easy to cause de-lamination problem.

4.Moisture and solvent resistance difference

Kuraray SentryGlas® has excellent moisture and solvent resistance and will not be embrittled under the action of water or organic solvents. Able to maintain the material integrity. Other China SGP films have poor solvent resistance, and even under the action of weak organic solvents (75% alcohol solvent), the materials are easy to become brittle and disintegrate. Some domestic SGP films will be brittle and damaged even under cold water. The test can be found on page 8 of original complete report:Kuraray SGP VS China SGP

5.Weather resistance

Since Kuraray SentryGlas® was invented in the 1990s, the actual product has been made into laminated glass. All laminated glass samples are placed in the weathering laboratory in Florida, USA for natural exposure aging experiments without protective measures. It has been more than twenty years since then. After more than 20 years of natural aging, none of the samples showed defects such as bubbles or whitening. Kuraray also issued a declaration of no defects in 20.5 years . All domestic SGP films have been promoted in the market in the last 2-3 years. Since the raw materials they use are completely different from Kuraray SentryGlas®, these materials cannot prove the reliability of long-term weathering and aging resistance.

Kuraray edge stability statement

Project analysis:

China made SGP interlayer was used in Malaysian project, serious delaminating accident occurred. The problem of batch quality problem began to occur about 6 months after the glass installation,finally 30% glass finally had problem. Finally, glass processors and curtain wall companies had to replace all defective glass, which eventually caused huge losses. Glass structure: 6mm tempered glass + 1.52mm domestic SGP + 10mm low iron tempered glass, Glass size: 424mm x 424mm = 11,100 pieces    550mm x 300mm = 140 pieces 600mm x 350mm = 980 pieces Project completion date: 1st quarter of 2018 Glass degumming date: 4th quarter of 2018

High performance energy saving glass emerged with the development of glass processing,glass coating technology,Materials technology. - Glass coating:Lower and lower emissivity coated glass from single silver,double silver to now triple silver. - Spacer materials:From traditional aluminium spacer,stainless spacer,warm edge spacer,composite warm edge spacer to TPS. - Glass make up:From monolithic glass to insulated glass,triple glass units,and then vaccum glass. More and more new creative products were developed,for example heat mirror insulated glass,aerogel glass, smart glass etc. But high performance glass account less than 10% of new buildings,and existing buildings over 50 billion square meters adopt traditional normal glass or laminated glass,which caused high energy waste.High performance glass need further promotion and application on new constructed buildings.

Energy saving glass in passive houses

What’s High Performance Glass?

High-performance energy-saving glass refers to architectural glass products that made with coating, insulating, and vacuum technology and have significant thermal insulation effects. High Performance Glass Classifications. The glass are mainly used in passive houses,mainly classified into below:Insulated glass,vacuum glass,vacuum insulated glass,heat mirror insulated glass.

high performance energy saving glass types The main characters are: - The number of lowe coatingsin each cavity of multi-cavity insulating glass should not exceed one. - The position of the Low-E of the vacuum glass should be in the vacuum chamber. - Warm-edge spacers should be used in severe cold, cold and hot summer and cold winter areas. - The thickness of the insulating glassspacer should not be less than 9mm. - Insulated glassshould be filled with inert gas, and the initial gas content should be greater than 85%. - The primary sealant should use butyl rubber or thermoplastic spacer sealant. - The second sealant should be polysulfide sealant, and the water vapor permeability should be less than 15 g/(m²·d). - Organic materials should not be used asvacuum glass sealing materials.

High Performance Glass thermal property

Below table shows the insulated glass U value,light property and other thermal insulation performance. Above data are calculated based on WINDOW7.3, 90% argon content,as Window will calculate the glass center U value, increased glass edge performance result from warm edge spacers cannot be calculated here,but please check our previous post: Argon filled insulating glass VS warm edge spacer insulating glass - For most conventional window types, choosing to fill theinsulating glass with argon gas and replacing the aluminum spacers with warm-edge spacers can reduce the entire window U value by about 0.1-0.2W/m2K”. - For double glazed unitswith 12mm spacer, the influence argon is better than using warm edge. For the triple glazed units, whether it is 12mm or 15mm spacer,warm edge spacer has much better thermal insulation performance than argon filled glass units. Especially for the 15mm,the reduction of U value is almost twice that of argon filled units. - After using the warm edge, thethermal insulation performance of whole window is more balanced, and there is no obvious weak parts in the window. While using argon filling ,the balance of thermal insulation performance of each part of the window has been further broken.

High Performance Glass surface temperature and Anti-condensation performance

In the severe winter, standing by the window, we will feel the chilly wind, and the body will feel uncomfortable. This is "cold radiation". But if high-performance glass is used, this chilly feeling will be significantly improved, mainly because the glass better isolate the heat transfer between indoor and outdoor, so the temperature of the indoor side glass surface Higher, the temperature difference with the indoor air is smaller, and the cold radiation phenomenon will be improved. The following calculations for normal glass and high-performance glass at different temperatures, you can see the obvious difference in the indoor glass surface temperature. In the severe winter, the higher indoor glass surface temperature, the better. Obviously,high performance energy saving glass temperature is closer to the indoor air temperature, which can effectively avoid condensation and improve comfort.

High Performance Glass Acoustic Performance

High-performance glass not only has excellent energy-saving properties, but also has good sound insulation properties to improve environmental comfort. High-performance glass is generally used in low-energy passive buildings, China Hebei standard (DB13(J)/T177-2015) stipulates that the noise of the bedroom, living room and study room should be less than  30dB(A). Vacuum insulating glass and triple-glass insulating glass have better sound insulation performance. If you need to further improve the sound insulation performance of glass, laminated glass is a better choice. In addition, unequal thickness design can be used to reduce resonance and improve the sound insulation performance of the glass.

As we mentioned in previous posts,both filling argon gas and using warm edge spacer can decrease glass U value by 0.2-0.3w/m2.k.beside that,the benefits of filling argon are: - Keep air pressure balance internal & external glass. - Increase acoustic performance. - Increase glass wind resistance and glass strength. - prolong the service life of the molecular sieve in the aluminum spacer frame Customers can get positive feedback with just USD1.5/sqm costs.I BS EN1279-Insulating glass standard require the argon content should be at least 90% and no leakage,while some glass manufacturers don’t have the right operation rules in filling process,and lack of necessary tools to measure and test the argon content,which cause the double glass units made in China had poor quality,argon content is far from required ,causing overall building energy costs increase. Why the argon content so important? How the argon content affect the glass performance?Here we calculate the glass performance with Window,Therm to check how it works. Table 1: 5+N+5 clear insulated glass, U value calculated based on winter night condition.

90% content U value is 0.226W/m2.k than 0% content for 5+9A+5. 90% argon content is 0.081W/m2.k than 50% content for 5+9A+5. Table 2: 5+N+5 low-E insulated glass, U value calculated based on winter night condition.

  90% content U value is 0.346W/m2.k than 0% content for 5LE+9A+5. 90% argon content is 0.156W/m2.k than 50% content for 5LE+9A+5. CONCLUSION: The argon concentration has a great influence on the heat transfer coefficient of insulating glass, especially for Low-E insulating glass. For Low-E insulating glass with different spacing thicknesses, the central heat transfer coefficient is improved by an average of about 0.3 W/(m²·K)

Table 3: 5LE+N+5 lowE insulated glass, U value with different spacer thickness. When the glass thickness and argon gas concentration remain unchanged, with increased spacer thickness, the heat transfer coefficient shows a trend of "decrease first and then increase". The ideal thickness is approximately 12 mm. After reaching 12mm, the convection of enclosed air or argon increases, increasing the convective heat transfer, resulting in the heat transfer coefficient of the insulating glass decreasing first and then increase. But if applied in aluminium windows,we can get below conclusion: When the argon concentration drops by 10%, the U value (Ug1) in the center of the insulating glass will increase by about 0.03 W/(m²·K), and the heat transfer coefficient (Uw) of the entire window will increase by about 0.02W/(m²·K). To ensure the IGU used in your curtain wall,you must work with premium glass suppliers with guaranteed quality with over 90% argon content.Do work with glass processors with EN1279, and IGCC certificate,Morn would like to offer more measurements- warm edge spacer,superspacer,high performance world class coating,triple glass units etc to save more energy furthermore. How we ensure the argon content: - Advanced insulating line with online argon filling function. - Complete argon content detect for every piece. - EN1279/ IGCC certificates.

Saint Gobain glass ,established in 1665 aimed to building the mirror halls in palace of Versailles.Now it ranks NO.244 in Fortune Global 500,business cover glass,thermal insulation materials,plastic etc.

Saint Gobain Glass   The low-E coating can be classified into below series： - Anti Reflective Glass -SGG Vision-Lite - High light transmittance SGG Planitherm series - Double silver low-E -SGG COOL-LITE SKN - Triple silver low-E -SGG COOL-Xtreme - Single silver low-E -SGG COOL-LITE KN &KNT Full glass performance can be found here: SGG performance. Or,Saint gobain offers an online tool to help customers finding the best matched glass：SGG CalumenLive

Glass facade with hidden unitized curtain wall   - Anti Reflective Glass -SGG Vision-Lite SGG vision-Lite is anti-reflective coated glass which can reduce the glass surface light reflection significantly.The coating can be single side or double side to suit different requirement.Monolithic vacuum coating on 6mm low iron glass light transmittance reach almost 98%.Below chart shows the glass performance between SGG VISION-LITE and China anti-reflective products. - High performance SGG Planitherm series Planitherm series including Planitherm One,Ultra N,Ultra N diamond,1.16 ,1.3,total,total +,and Planitherm LUX,Lux Diamond,It’s mixed products of single,double ,and passive low e coatings.Max for passive house triple glazing units which require high light transmittance and extremely low thermal conductivity. Features of Planitherm series is high light transmittance over 70%,and some coating even over 80%.Along with the high glass light transmittance,low reflectance and clear view. - Double silver low-E -SGG COOL-LITE SKN SKN series with light transmittance from 40-70%,despite clear glass,the coating can also be applied on low iron glass,green,grey,blue glass to get better SC and lower light transmittance. - Triple silver low-E -SGG COOL-Xtreme Triple silver low-E coating is the most advanced coating products worldwide,different from most factories,SGG developed low light transmittance triple silver coating with only 46% LT.Personally I believe this is not necessary as areas which require low light transmittance has better and more cost effective options-double silver low-E on body tinted glass. Taking example of 55 double silver coating on French Green glass,LT is 43,SHGC 0.23,compared with SGG COOL-LITE50/22,there’s little performance difference while price can be 20% lower. - Singlesilver low-E -SGG COOL-KN & KNT Just normal single silver low-E glass coatings,below shows our most matched coatings that is available in China. Conclusion： Working With China top low-E coating manufacturers -Jinjing Group,XYG,TG, Morn now is able to supply low-E coated insulated glass equivalent to Saint Gobain,with much lower costs and equivalent quality&excellent service,we’re confidence our joining will help finishing your great building with costs saving and happy work.

According to CTBUH(council of tall buildings and urban habitat) ,China now has the most skyscrapers in world.In global top 100 tallest buildings over 330Meters, 52 buildings are located in China.In which 17 buildings height over 400 meters. Beside that in the world top 100 tallest buildings under construction process,over 70% are located in in China.

global building skyscrapers Shanghai tower ,height 632 meters,with 128 floors,construction started from 2008-2016,now is the world second height finished skyscrapers.

China top 10 buildings under constructions To ensure the quality,safety,and overall urban appearance, series measurements were implemented by ministry of Housing and Urban-rural development ,including : - Seismic fortification approval system of over-limit high-rise buildings should be strictly implemented for buildings above 100 meters, which is suitable for the scale and spatial scale of the city, and matches the fire and rescue capabilities; - Strictly restrict the construction of buildings above 250 meters. - No new super high-rise buildings over 500 meters are allowed.new buildings height over 500 meters is forbidden in China. In 2021,May, 79 floors SEG PLAZA(height 356M) in Shenzhen shakes under no earthquake and just little wind,over 15K people had to rush out to avoid possible damage or collapse.This also increase peoples worry about skyscraper safety. Series curtain wall projects over 500 meters were forced to change the design ,here we got a summary of the new design of the skyscrapers. - Project 1: Hubei tower,Shenzhen The project design changed from 830M - 666M -700M - 500M,because of the new policies ,the new height would be below 500M.

Hubei tower-newest design The project attract 7 world famous facade companies including KPF、SOM、PCPA、MAD、Heatherwick、Foster、BIG.Above picture shows the design from KPF,MAD,Heatherwick and BIG. The design results of each design agency have their own styles, innovations and impacts, which represent the current world-class design standards and demonstrate the attractiveness, competitiveness and influence of Shenzhen. After carefully reviewing and comparing the results submitted by the 7 shortlisted design agencies, the review committee finally selected three bid-winning candidates to enter the bidding stage Skidmore Owings & Merrill LLP ,Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects,Inc.,Foster + Partners Limited . Project 2:Caiwuwei ,Shenzhen The height of the main tower was originally planned to be 760 meters, and the height of the auxiliary tower was 608 meters! Affected by the policy, the height will not exceed 500 meters.

Shenzhen Caiwuwei design Project 3:Zhongnan Center,Suzhou The original design was 729 meters high. Construction began in early 2014. After all the pile foundations were completed in 2015, construction will be suspended until 2020! Until the new design is announced, the height will be adjusted to 499.15 meters, and work will resume again.

Zhongnan center-design plan changed Project 4 Shengang Center,Shenzhen The ShenGang International Center project covers an area of 322,000 square meters and a building area of 1,364,500 square meters. The planned total investment is 50 billion yuan. Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architects won the bid ,building height was also decreased from 700 M to now 500M.

Shengang International center Project 5:Chengdu Panda Plaza. On September 26, 2017, the land was officially listed. Since then, the 677-meter-high super-high building has officially entered people’s vision. According to the original plan, this building will become the first tallest building in China and the second tallest in the world after its completion,it will become the only super high-rise building above 480 meters in the world that can overlook the snow-capped mountains above 7000 meters above sea level. On August,2021,the revised 489M building started construction.

Panda Plaza in chengdu Project 6:Wuhan Chow Tai Fook Finance Centre In November 2016, the project construction unit optimized and improved on the basis of the layout plan approved by the planning committee. The height of the main tower of the project planning plan was adjusted from the original 648 meters to about 475 meters, and the height of the residential building was adjusted from the original 150 meters to 200 meters.

Wuhan Chow Tai Fook Finance Centre Project 7:Wuhan Greenland Center Wuhan Greenland Center is a super high-rise landmark skyscraper in Wuhan, China, with an original design height of 636 meters. Designed and built by the American AS+GG architectural design team, who once presided over the design of the Burj Khalifa, Shanghai Jinmao Tower and many other world-renowned super high-rise architectural design teams. The newest building height is 475M,the construction works will finish soon.

Viracon glass,part of Apogee group,which contain many facade materials and facade companies:Viracon,Alumicor,Linetec,Sotawall,EFCO,Harmon,Tru Vue,Tubelite,Wausau etc,from architectural glass, aluminium profiles,aluminium coatings,to facade design ,manufacturing installation .Apogee group play an important role in global facade industry. Established 1949 in North America in,Viracon is able to produce 3 million square meter architectural glass products annually.The coating series include below:

Viracon coating series chart - VE/VUE series:Single silver ,double silver low-E coatings - VRE:High reflectance coatings - VNE: Triple silver low-E coatings. - VLE: Laminated glass with coatings - VS/VP: Reflective coatings. We have to admit the Viracon’s super technology on controlling the visible light reflectance,up to 44% high light reflectance VRN series and neutral 11% reflectance double silver low-E,the products match South America weathers and contribute to the local energy efficient buildings. Viracon VE series: VE series is a mixed series including single and double low-E coatings,what’s awesome is,VE142 coating keep only 19% LT% while keeping only 37% LT%.In China you can find almost all matched costings beside VE142 as,low light transmittance always means high light reflectance (25-25%), the lowest coating we can find has 26% LR%,see below chart for more details: Viracon VNE series: Same as Guardian SNX,PPG solarban 70/90,Pilkington Suncool Q50/60/70, Viracon VNE series are also compose 2 triple silver low-E coatings.Till now,most glass manufacturers have developed temperable triple silver low-E coating and applied them on world landmark projects,the high efficiency in transfer hot sunlight to cool light makes it priority when designing an LEED facade. Unlucky,energy-efficient coatings development has reached the limitation.Further 4 layers and even 5 layers silver won’t be appeared in glass coatings because huge technology difficulty ,and also huge processing difficulty when tempering and insulating process.Till now,it’s already the world most leading technology on glass.The combination of low-E and vacuum insulated glass might be the trend in next decades. Viracon VRE series: High light transmittance means relatively low U value,better thermal insulation performance,and lower SC value.Meanwhile ,it’s easier to reflect the surround objects and get clear images on facade itself when facade flatness is guaranteed,high LT% will also protect the interior privacy.Viracon is professional and developed its featured VRE series. Several points: - Do ensure that glass flatness and curtain wall flatness is well controlled,or there’ll be series curtain wall visual distortion.

curtain wall distortion-visual effect - Do follow the national regulations on the curtain wall reflectance limit to avoid possible curtain wall light pollution.