Freckles

She got the idea for the study while walking with her advisor at Stanford to discuss her thesis topic, and the paper she eventually published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology in 2014 is sharp enough that it should have ended the seated meeting on the day it came out.

She ran 4 experiments on 176 people. Same person tested twice. Once sitting, once walking. The creativity tasks were the standard ones psychologists have used for decades to measure how good a brain is at generating novel useful ideas.

81% of participants in the first experiment produced more creative ideas while walking than while sitting. In the second experiment, 88%. In the third, 100%. Every single person walked into a more creative version of themselves. On average, people generated 60% more novel useful ideas the moment their legs started moving.

The skeptical question is the obvious one. Maybe it was the fresh air. Maybe it was the scenery passing by. Maybe it was the change of environment doing the work, not the walking itself.

Oppezzo killed every one of those explanations with one experimental decision. She put people on a treadmill facing a blank wall. No scenery. No fresh air. No environmental change. Just legs moving in place while staring at white drywall. The 60% boost held.

Then she ran the experiment that closed the case completely. She took participants outside in two conditions. Half of them walked through a Stanford courtyard. The other half were pushed through the exact same courtyard in a wheelchair. Same outdoor stimulation. Same scenery passing at the same speed. The only difference was whether the legs were moving.

The walkers produced dramatically more novel high-quality ideas than the wheelchair group. The outdoors did almost nothing on its own. The walking did everything.

She also tested the opposite kind of thinking. Convergent thinking. The kind where there is one right answer and you have to narrow down to it. Word puzzles where 3 words share a hidden fourth word that connects them. The seated participants did slightly better on these. Walkers got slightly worse.

Walking is not a general intelligence enhancer. It does one specific thing. It opens up the divergent search inside your brain. The part that generates options. The part that produces unexpected connections. The part that takes a problem and finds five ways into it instead of one.

When you need to converge on the single right answer, sit down. When you need to find the answer in the first place, get up.

The mechanism is now well understood. Walking selectively activates what neuroscientists call the default mode network, the system inside your brain that runs when you are not consciously focused on anything. The DMN is where mind-wandering happens. Where memories cross-reference each other. Where ideas that have been sitting in separate folders inside your head finally bump into each other.

When you sit at a desk and force yourself to concentrate, you suppress the DMN. When you walk at a natural pace, the executive part of your brain gets just busy enough handling the walking that the DMN comes online and starts doing the work that focus was blocking.

The most useful finding in the entire paper is the one almost nobody quotes. The boost did not turn off the moment people stopped walking. Participants who walked first and then sat back down stayed elevated. Their next round of seated creativity work was still significantly better than people who had been sitting the whole time. The rest lingered for at least several minutes after the legs stopped moving.

You do not need to do creative work while walking. You need to walk before the creative work. The brain holds the state.

And there are so many articles and videos and discussions. Like, the scientific community is buzzing about this.

So much research will have to be redone because the data was absolutely compromised, off by orders of magnitude, by using standard lab gloves.

The world is probably not horrifically contaminated by microplastics. Sterile laboratories, however, are contaminated by latex and nitrile gloves.

Sources beyond dude just trust me, for the skeptics.

https://www.technologynetworks.com/applied-sciences/news/scientists-lab-gloves-may-be-causing-an-overestimation-of-microplastics-411138

Nitrile and latex gloves may cause overestimation of microplastics - Phys.org (it’s a pdf)

Steller’s jay stealing sweetener packets

The continued existence of these species is the legacy of so many people whose names we will never know--some of who never lived to see the impacts of their work.

When you count up the flaws of our species, you have to count the good things too--out of the many species throughout Earth's history that have caused the demise or endangerment of other species, we are the only one that tries to fix it out of our fascination and love for other life forms.

And I'll add some other recent good conservation news.

•Green sea turtles are no longer endangered

•Giant pandas are no longer endangered

•Panamanian golden frogs were returned to the wild for the first time since they were wiped out by chytrid 17 years ago

•The Eastern humpback whale population has exceeded pre-whaling numbers and many other whale species are showing strong signs of recovery

•Salmon and bison have been returned to their former habitat in multiple parts of the US through dam removal, habitat restoration, and reintroduction

•The Western monarch migration was up 60% compared to last year

•Galapagos tortoises were reintroduced to Floreana for the first time in 180 years

•Attenborough's long beaked echidna was rediscovered after being though extinct for decades

•Five "lost" island bird species were documented by citizen scientist birders in 2025

Authors set out to correct under-representation of female sounds – and found some surprising revelations

When we hear the beautiful call of a bird from a high bough, we’re told it’s likely to be a male – singing for territory, or belting out tunes to woo a female. But as the annual dawn chorus reaches a crescendo this spring, a new guidebook is urging us to think again – and turn our ears to the hidden world of female birdsong. The songs, sounds and sights of female birds have historically been overlooked in field guides and sound archives. In 2016, just 0.01% of the bird sounds in the global Xeno-Canto sound library were labelled female. Another sound archive was just 0.03% female, according to a 2018 study. But the new book – The Sound Approach to Birding 2 – aims to correct this under-representation and properly explain female birdsong. Female birds sing for territorial displays, to ward off other females and to attract extra males, according to Lucy McRobert, a writer and researcher who studied the issue for the guidebook. The book comes with its own library of 300 sounds from 200 species, accessed via web or app. The clips are drawn from the larger online archive of Sound Approach, a birdsong project founded in 2000 with confirmed recordings of females for 41% of species found in the Western Palearctic, a biogeographical region encompassing Europe, north Africa and most of the Middle East...

People SAY that your health 'suddenly' starts to decline in your 30s but that's not really a good way to put it A) bc that's not really accurate and B) bc it frames this decline as something inherent and unavoidable, which does nothing to convince you that you have some agency about this.

So I'm going to explain this in LOOSE NON-SCIENTIFIC language:

When you are an infant or child, you are actively growing. Nature is throwing tons of new cells into you bc your body needs to BUILD BUILD BUILD. What you're able to do, eat and heal from is all largely dictated by this-- for example little kids often LOVE sweet foods or dairy-like foods and are relatively less interested in anything else. This is bc their body is running on HIGH all the time since building body parts is very energetically intensive. They can eat a fistful of sugarcubes and burn them off in an hour. Ask me how I know.

When you are a YOUNG ADULT you are actually still developing to a secondary extent, but your bones and such are fused and now that development goes into solidifying the structure and also finetuning its reproductive capabilities and features-- these, too, are HIGHLY energy consumptive when they first come online. Nature is STILL, thus, throwing tons of energy and new cells your way hoping you'll do something cool with them. You regenerate very quickly, and recover from harm rapidly-- But please note: swift recovery from harm is not absence of harm. This most relates to the consumption of 'junk food' and alcohol-- many people say they could 'eat whatever they wanted and nothing would happen' when they're in their 20s or that they could go out drinking and 'not be affected'. You were affected. You didn't notice.

Once everything has come online you go into maintenance mode. Nature stops throwing excess cells and energy your way bc you don't need that-- your body is yours and you are now responsible for maintaining it...hopefully with what you learned by experience in your 20s. IF YOU WERE NOT PAYING ATTENTION, you did not learn this, and are in for a surprise in your 30s bc your 'free recovery' subscription has ended. Recovery and maintenance- processes that are constant in the human body- now cost MINERALS & ELECTRICITY. You can go into DEBT now, and that debt will come in the form of joints that pop, inability to recover well, lowered immune function, and feeling like shit.

This debt accrues interest RAPIDLY once you hit 36-- the age of around 36 to 46 or so is a kind of reckoning stage where Nature assesses how well you've managed your body and you will be SWIFTLY downgraded if the result is you were just winging it.

So how do you build this account? 2 main things ( LOOSELY SPEAKING this is so not 100% scientific but I have to be general here): MINERALS -- you get these from eating well, mostly. You might want to take supplements based on your unique needs. But you need Minerals & Vitamins (i'm lumping these two together) bc they are the chemical building blocks (currency) your body uses to rebuild and fix up cells. ELECTRICITY is- again loosely speaking- having the proper chemical voltage throughout your body. This 'voltage' drops when you don't move enough, or when you're dehydrated. The building and repairing process your body wants to do may have the materials (minerals and vitamins) but there's not enough power in the factory, or the AC isn't working and the workers are overheating and can't work well. To fix this, drink lots of water and MOVE AND STRETCH your body. The action within your muscles and bones GENERATES ENERGY and it keeps your cells happy.

So the thing is, it's not that you suddenly find yourself taking damage after 30+. You were taking damage the whole time. You're just kept from really feeling it bc you're young and full of extra juice and given time to figure things out.

But at some point Nature expects you to do that, and you will pay if you don't.

Best to start out giving a shit, even if none of your friends think you're cool, even if you get called a 'health nut' bc you will still be able to frolick at 45, 50, probably so on while everyone who said it was dumb to have 'balanced meals' shares memes about how they wake up feeling like shit every day.

The electricity stuff is no joke I literally feel different if I don't get enough potassium/magnesium. Trying different foods that are high in certain minerals/vitamins and seeing how you react is a useful thing to do. I need more of those than an average person, and found that out by experimenting with my diet.

Getting enough protein and fat is also really important for recovery and absorbing nutrients from what you eat.

I love love love all the analogies given because they're a great way to communicate the ideas in a way that makes sense.

(nyt)

The Northern Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus) is a small species of owl in the family Strigidae native to North America. It’s among the tiniest owls on the continent and is named for its distinctive call that early observers thought sounded like a saw being sharpened (or “whetted”).

Physical Description

Size: Around 7–8 inches (18–21 cm) tall, roughly the size of a robin or sparrow. Weight: Typically ~65–100 g (2.3–3.5 oz), females are usually larger than males. Wingspan: ~45–60 cm (18–22 in). Plumage: Brownish above with white spots and streaked underparts. They have a round head, no ear tufts, and striking yellow eyes. Juveniles have a distinctive white triangle between their eyes. Facial Features: A pale facial disk framed in brown, which helps funnel sound to their ears.

Range & Habitat

Geographic Range

The Northern Saw-whet Owl’s range extends across much of North America: Breeding: Southern Alaska, across southern Canada, and throughout most of the U.S. (excluding only the southeastern coastal plain). Winter: Many stay in the breeding range; others migrate southward, with occasional sightings as far south as Arkansas and North Carolina. Some populations may move downhill in mountainous regions rather than migrate long distances.

Habitat

These owls favor wooded areas, especially: Coniferous forests (spruce, fir, pine), Mixed woodlands and riparian woodlands, Suburban and agricultural areas in winter or migration when dense cover is available. They require dense vegetation for daytime roosting and low perches for hunting.

Behavior & Ecology

Activity Pattern

Nocturnal: Most active at night. Secretive & Quiet: Usually very difficult to spot during daylight due to their camouflaged roosting and silent behavior.

Migration

Not all individuals migrate; some stay year-round, and others move south or to lower elevations in winter. Migration is irregular and not strictly patterned.

Territorial & Social Behavior

Solitary outside the breeding season. Pairs form during breeding; males may sing for long periods at night to attract mates and defend territory.

Vocalizations

The signature call is a monotonous, repetitive whistle often described as “too-too-too,” most common in late winter and spring during the breeding season. They also make alarm sounds like raspy calls, squeals, and even bill snaps. The name saw-whet reflects early observers’ impression of this call sounding like a saw being sharpened.

Diet & Hunting

Feeding Habits

Sit-and-wait hunters: perch on low branches at night and swoop down on prey. They have excellent hearing and vision, and their asymmetrical ears allow them to pinpoint prey in total darkness.

Diet

Mostly small mammals: deer mice, voles, shrews. Occasionally, small birds, juvenile squirrels, insects, and large invertebrates. They may cache food or eat parts over time if the prey is large.

Reproduction & Life Cycle

Breeding Season: Generally March–July. Nest Sites: Use natural tree cavities (often abandoned woodpecker holes) or nest boxes. Eggs: Typically 4–7 white eggs with incubation by the female lasting ~27-29 days; fledging at about 4–5 weeks. Males often bring food to females and nestlings. Some males may mate with more than one female in a season (sequential polyandry) when food is abundant.

Lifespan & Survival

Wild Lifespan: Average ~4–7 years; the longest recorded in the wild was ~7–8+ years. Captive Lifespan: Can live up to ~16 years with care. Threats include predation by larger owls and hawks, vehicle collisions, habitat loss, and nest competition.

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List: Least Concern, widespread with an estimated ~2 million individuals. Protected: U.S. Migratory Bird Act and CITES Appendix II. Populations may decline locally due to habitat loss and fragmentation.

Fun Facts

Despite being tiny, Northern Saw-whet Owls are formidable night hunters. They are often tame and may allow close human approach when roosting. Their call can go on for hours and is more often heard than the bird is seen.