Bubble Vision

Colorful small marine creatures from the Lembeh Strait in Indonesia and Anilao in The Philippines, two locations in an area known as the Coral Triangle, which hosts a high diversity of marine life. The video features many species of fish, seahorses, crabs, shrimps, nudibranchs (sea slugs) and tunicates. Many of these creatures are exotic and rare. There is a subtitle track of all the scientific and common names of the marine life. It is also in the video description on YouTube.

Sunrise on Doi Pha Hom Pok (ดอยผ้าห่มปก), Thailand's 2nd-highest mountain, followed by a pleasant descent down the National Park's nature trail.

Climbing up and wild camping on Doi Langka Luang (ดอยลังกาหลวง), also known as Doi Mae Tho (ดอยแม่โถ) in north Thailand. This is the highest peak of the Khun Tan range, and lies near the junction of the Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai and Lampang provinces, at the southern tip of the Khun Chae national park. At 2031m above sea level, it is about the 8th highest mountain in Thailand.

Climbing Doi Luang Chiang Dao (ดอยหลวงเชียงดาว), Thailand's 3rd highest mountain, with an overnight camp near the summit. My 1st attempt at a trekking vlog.

Footage of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) from the Kingdom of Tonga in the south Pacific ocean. Humpback whales are a type of baleen whale. In the winter months this southern population of whales migrates north to Tonga, where they give birth to calves and mate. The early shots in the video are young male humpback whales. Later we see a mother and her young calf.

Nudibranchs have barbed penises to hold them together during mating, and the footage at the end shows the effort and twisting movement required by that pair to withdraw.

The music is "On the Cool Side" by Kevin MacLeod of www.incompetech.com

I would love my marine life documentaries, Reef Life of the Andaman and Mucky Secrets - The Marine Creatures of the Lembeh Strait to have subtitles in more languages. Any additional languages would be most welcome. Even if you only contribute a translation of a small part of the narration or marine life names, it all helps.

Thanks to dive guides Hiros and Frankie of YOS Dive Lembeh for finding these critters.

The video was shot by Nick Hope with a Panasonic GH4 in a Nauticam NA-GH4 housing. I used an Olympus M.Zuiko ED 60mm f2.8 macro lens and a Nauticam CMC.

Really pleased with the result, and I now feel like I have a little collection, rather than just a couple of DVDs.

I shot this with a Panasonic GH4 in a Nauticam NA-GH4 housing. I used an Olympus M.Zuiko ED 12-50mm f3.5-6.3 EZ lens.

Shot in Anilao, The Philippines, with my Panasonic GH4.

This is the first video I have published that was shot with my new Panasonic GH4 camera in Nauticam housing. I was using the Olympus 12-50mm f/3.5-6.3 ED M.Zuiko EZ lens which has a macro mode for the close-up shots.

Following on from the series, here is my "Mucky Secrets" documentary in full. It's a nature documentary about the marine life of the Lembeh Strait at the heart of the Coral Triangle off north Sulawesi in Indonesia. The Lembeh Strait is a popular scuba diving destination, famed for its excellent "muck diving". A huge diversity of weird and wonderful marine creatures can be found on the mucky seabed, including everything from tropical fish to benthic sharks to nudibranchs. Critters compete for survival with an armoury including camouflage, mimicry, toxicity, and dazzling coloration. "Mucky Secrets" is an excellent resource for scuba divers, aquarists, marine biology students and anybody interested in the underwater world. The documentary features underwater macro footage from many of Lembeh's famous dive sites including Critter Hunt, Police Pier, Tanjung Kusu-Kusu, Nudi Falls, Aer Perang, Jahir, Makawide, Nudi Retreat, Retak Larry, TK (Teluk Kembahu), Hairball and Aw Shucks. Marine life featured in the film: 0:00:00 Introduction 0:05:11 Corals 0:05:57 Tunicates - sea squirts - ascidians 0:06:37 Symbiosis - sea anemones - anemonefish (clownfish) CRUSTACEANS 0:07:29 Commensal shrimps (partner shrimps) 0:09:12 Emperor shrimp 0:11:07 Mantis shrimps 0:12:34 Squat lobsters 0:13:27 Hermit crabs 0:14:26 True crabs 0:15:55 Sea Urchins ELASMOBRANCHS 0:17:11 Blue spotted stingrays 0:18:15 Brownbanded bamboo shark EELS 0:18:59 Snake eels 0:20:27 Moray eels 0:21:34 Ribbon eels REEF FISHES 0:22:33 Cardinalfishes 0:24:43 Trumpetfish 0:25:58 Seahorses 0:27:06 Pygmy seahorse 0:28:30 Pipefishes 0:30:38 Ghost pipefishes 0:33:22 Shrimpfishes - razorfishes 0:33:58 Seamoths - short dragonfish 0:35:03 Oriental flying gurnard 0:35:58 Blennies 0:36:49 Gobies 0:37:46 Sea pen 0:38:17 Dragonets 0:40:49 Mandarinfish 0:42:08 Frogfishes 0:46:39 Juvenile fishes 0:47:12 Spotted parrotfish 0:48:20 Sweetlips 0:49:05 Yellowblotch razorfish 0:49:37 Filefishes 0:50:24 Boxfishes - cowfishes 0:50:57 Puffers (pufferfish) 0:52:21 Sharpnose puffers (tobies) 0:52:50 Porcupinefishes 0:53:45 Panther grouper 0:54:10 Whitemargin stargazer 0:54:54 Leopard flounder 0:55:25 Flatheads 0:56:36 Scorpionfishes 0:57:27 Ambon Scorpionfish 0:58:04 Rhinopias 0:59:50 Lionfishes 1:02:29 Demon stinger (spiny devilfish, bearded ghoul) 1:03:17 Fireworm 1:03:45 Waspfishes MOLLUSCS CEPHALOPODS 1:05:48 Cuttlefishes 1:08:38 Octopuses 1:11:34 Flame scallop GASTROPODS 1:12:03 Sea snails 1:14:37 Sea slugs - nudibranchs 1:21:49 Sea slugs feeding 1:23:57 Nudibranchs mating 1:26:11 Sap-sucking slug 1:26:59 Headshield slugs 1:27:49 Sea hares 1:30:21 Polyclad flatworm 1:31:18 End credits

Part 20, the final part of my documentary, "Mucky Secrets", about the fascinating marine creatures of the Lembeh Strait in Indonesia. The sap-sucking slug (Sacoglossa, sacoglossan) Elysia sp. is not a nudibranch. It does not have gills as such but breathes through two leafy flaps called parapodia that run most of the length of its body. The rhinophores on its head have a semi-tubular form. It feeds by sucking the fluid from green algae, and the chloroplasts it contains give the body a bright green colour which fades if the slug goes short of food. Behind the rhinophores it has tiny photo-receptors for eyes. The white spots are raised glands that can secrete a repellent white substance. Headshield slugs (family Aglajidae, superfamily Philinoidea, clade Cephalaspidea) lack tentacles and most retain a small thin internal shell. They also have parapodia, which are wrapped up and around the body. Many excrete mucous to help them burrow into the substrate, and the headshield prevents sand entering the mantle cavity. The Gardiner's headshield slug (Philinopsis gardineri) feeds on polychaete worms. And the pleasant headshield slug (Chelidonura amoena) feeds exclusively on acoel flatworms that infest hard corals and sponges. Small, dark eyespots on the front of its head give it very primitive vision. Like the striated frogfish, the ragged sea hare (Bursatella leachii) is camouflaged with long papillae that help it disappear on a seabed strewn with algae. Sea hares (family Aplysiidae, superfamily Aplysioidea, clade Aplysiomorpha) get their name from the overall body shape and the long pair of rhinophores on the head, which are tubular, and give it an acute sense of smell. It also has a second pair of tentacles at the sides of the mouth and it gobbles up the thin layer of cyanobacteria that coats the seabed. Below the rhinophores it has a pair of tiny eyes. If it is disturbed it can release a noxious mixture of white opaline and purple ink. Recent research has shown that this sticks to the antennae of predators such as lobsters and dulls their senses. The bright blue eyespots covering the body are more vivid here than in populations in other parts of the world. Ragged sea hares and the similar but smaller long-tailed sea hare (Stylocheilus longicauda) sometimes form huge swarming aggregations comprising hundreds or even thousands of individuals of varying size. They tumble over each other, devouring cyanobacteria and defecating as they stampede across the sea floor. In an aggregation they are an easy target for predators. Pufferfishes and predatory sea slugs have been seen to pick them off one by one. They breed quickly and have even been sold into the aquarium trade as "sea bunnies" for eating unwanted algae and providing food for other tank inhabitants with their larvae. It is said that inhabitants of some of the Cook Islands and Austral Islands collect and eat swarms of these sea hares, discarding the toxic internal organs. It is a mystery why sea hares aggregate like this. They have been observed to all mate, spawn and die at the same time. Although they resemble sea slugs, polyclad flatworms (Polycladida) are quite different. The ruffled periphery of the glorious flatworm, Pseudobiceros gloriosus, forms a pair of pseudotentacles reminiscent of nudibranchs' rhinophores. Occasionally flatworms leave the seabed to swim and when they do, they are a spectacular sight.

Part 19 of my documentary, "Mucky Secrets", about the fascinating marine creatures of the Lembeh Strait in Indonesia. In this video we study how sea slugs (including nudibranchs) feed and mate. All known nudibranchs are carnivores. The biggest family of nudibranchs, the chromodoridids, feed exclusively on sponges. Most sea slugs have a ribbon-like tongue covered in microscopic teeth called a radula to help them consume their prey. The form of the radula varies greatly and is important as a basis for taxonomic classification. We see a pleurobranch, Pleurobranchus forskalii, a different type of sea slug, feeding on an ascidian, or "sea squirt", a type of tunicate. Nembrotha nudibranchs also feed on ascidians. We see a Nembrotha lineolata feeding on a blue club tunicate. The ascidian feeds by filtering plankton from the water with its delicate, blue, sieve-like interior enclosed in a clear outer sac, its tunic. The sea slug everts its proboscis, its oral tube, out of its mouth and, with ruthless efficiency, sucks this fleshy interior right through the tunic. The radula teeth enable the slug to deal with the tougher parts of the sea squirt's intestines. Most sea slugs are quite specific in their choice of food, and so they are often drawn towards the same place. This increases the chances of encountering others of the same species and finding a mate. As they have no vision, nudibranchs locate each other initially through smell then touch. During copulation, they line up their genitals which are on the right side of their body. All sea slugs are hermaphrodites and contain both male and female reproductive systems. During mating, each nudibranch receives sperm from the other. We see a pair of Nembrotha purpureolineata nudibranchs mating. The penis, which is off to the side, is covered in tiny, sharp barbs which lock it into the vagina, which is at the centre of the stalk. The male organs often mature before the female ones. Small nudibranchs with an immature female reproductive system can store the sperm they receive until they start producing fertile eggs. We also encounter a mating pair of Hypselodoris bullocki nudibranchs. Their genitals are also covered in tiny spines that anchor them together during copulation. After fertilisation, a mucus-bound ribbon of eggs is laid in a spiral, often on or near the species' food source. Most egg masses are toxic to predators and are abandoned by the parent. Hypselodorid nudibranchs often follow each other around, top to tail. The reason for this 'trailing', or "tailgating" behaviour is a mystery. It's thought to be a prelude to mating, but in some cases the trailing slug might simply be getting an easy ride in the search for food.