CrazyGui

안녕하세요, 다시 에샤입니다. 오늘은 "반말"에 대해서 이야기할게요.

You can use 반말 with friends, younger siblings/people, romantic partners, pets -- close/casual relationships.

In almost all cases, it is virtually 요 form without the 요. Here's the breakdown:

Introducing another brain-twister of a grammar point, ~밖에.

Noun밖에 + Negative Verb (없다, 모르다, ~지 않다, 안 / 못)

This roughly means “only/nothing besides/nothing but” the [noun]

So when you want to say things like:

Business Japanese Review Part One: Emails!

I'm not sure how many posts I'll make about Business Japanese, but probably more than one so I say the part one is warranted, haha.

Feel free to add anything or any questions in the notes! Like I said, this isn't a fully comprehensive infographic. Also, what do people think of the lined paper style background for the title page/intro? I think they look kinda cute for the introduction, but not for the informative parts...

One thing I will add that I couldn't fit on the slides: I think some textbooks don't have super clear distinctions between 「謙譲語Ⅰ」　「謙譲語Ⅱ」 and 「ていねいご」, so I only specifically mention 謙譲語 broadly here. Parts of 謙譲語Ⅱ and ていねいご are both described as "extra-modest" in some things, for example! Just keep in mind that my post is a simplification, and if you're interested in formal language, maybe start at learning all of the different keigo categories and what they involve!

Vocab list note: The set phrases in the greetings and closings are all comparable to set phrases in English for greetings and closings of emails. I'm putting these set phrases in their entirety in the list, with a comparable English set phrase as the definition. Do not take these as equivalent phrases! They have a similar feeling, but I am not asserting that they have identical meanings. I'm just offering something comparable in case it helps a person make more sense of them!

The full vocab list + a transcript of the post is under the cut!

I needed to put all my reading resources in one place lol

Tadoku - free books from beginner to advanced aimed at language learners. The books from level 0 - 4 contain furigana.

YomuJP - More free japanese graded reading material. N6 is the easiest and N1 is the hardest. Contains audio, furigana and pictures.

Jgrpg Sakura - Japanese graded reading material. You need to create an account first though

Watanoc - Web magazine aimed at language learners in easy japanese. N5-N3. Contains audio, pictures and you can hover over unknown words to reveal the meaning.

Soseki Product - This website is dedicated to the works of Natsume Sōseki and it's also aimed at language learners so there's furigana, audio and translation. These novels are from the 1900s so it might be a bit difficult but I think it's really fun

MeikaSensei - Blog posts aimed at beginners. There's beginner versions and intermediate versions of the same post. Contains furigana

Bunsuke - Contains excerpts from books with translations and vocabulary lists. Also has links to the books used. Made by a fellow language learner :)

Ehon - Picture books aimed for 0-6 year olds. Doesn't seem to contain kanji. Some books contain audio

Lingual ninja - This website is for learning hiragana/katakana/grammar/vocab/kanji but it also has a folktales section that contains audio, vocab lists and optional furigana. There's also youtube videos of each story available

yomou syosetu - Over a million free novels! I believe a lot of it is user-submitted works

Syosetsu - Similar to the above.

Bookwalker (jp) - You can read the first few volumes of manga for free here. There's also light novels and doujinshi

Aozora Bunko - digital library that contains a lot of out of copyright books

Note - User submitted posts about various topics

Easy NHK News - News in easy japanese. Contains furigana.

NHK News - The news. In Japanese

Apps

Pibo - Picture books aimed at children

Todaii - Aimed at language learners. News with furigana and pop up dictionary.

Satori Reader - Paid

Yomu Yomu - First 3 chapters are free on every story

❁誓

Meaning: vow, swear

Kunyomi: ちか

❁誓う　(ちかう)：to swear, pledge

❁誓い　(ちかい)：vow

❁誓って　(ちかって) ：surely

Onyomi: セイ

❁宣誓　(せんせい)：oath

❁誓約　(せいやく)：oath, covenant

❁錯

Meaning: confused, mixed, in disorder

Onyomi: サク

❁錯覚　(さっかく)：optical illusion, hallucination

❁交錯する　(こうさくする)：to mingle (emotions/situations)

❁錯誤　(さくご)：error

❁試行錯誤　(しこうさくご)：trial and error

❁時代錯誤　(じだいさくご)：anachronism

❁連覇　（れんぱ）：successive championships  この試合で優勝したら３連覇になる

❁補足　（ほそく）：supplementary  授業の最後に補足説明をする

❁意向　（いこう）：intention   意向を表明する

❁加入する　（かにゅうする）：to join, sign up to   保険を加入する

❁過疎　（かそ）：underpopulation 

❁完備する　（かんびする）：fully equip, fully furnish  この部屋はエアコンを完備しております。

❁断言する　（だんげんする）：assert, declare   彼は自分が正しいと断言した。

❁断念する　（だんねんする）：to give up    計画を断念する。

❁断面　（だんめん）：cross section (of something cut)

❁返却　（へんきゃく）：return of something borrowed   本を図書館に返却する。

音 - yīn - music, sound, tone 音乐 - yīnyuè - music 话音 - huàyīn - tone, voice 声音 - shēngyīn - sound, noise, voice

意 - yì - thought, idea, opinion 意见 - yìjiàn - view, idea, thought, opinion 意义 - yìyì - meaning, significance

竟 - jìng - finally, at last, after all 竟然 - jìngrán - unexpectedly, surprisingly 竟自 - jìngzì - unexpectedly, to one's surprise

镜 - jìng - mirror glass 镜头 - jìngtóu - camera lens 镜片 - jìngpiàn - lens 镜花水月 - jìnghuāshuǐyuè - flowers in a mirror or moon in the water (a very pretty idiom with the meaning of an illusion)

暗 - àn - dark, secret 暗暗 - ànàn - secretly 暗淡 - àndàn - dim, faint, dark 暗察明坊 - ànchámíngfāng - to investigate and understand a situation using various methods

境 - jìng - boundary, area, region 境界 - jìngjiè - boundary, a state 环境 - huánjìng - environment 入境 - rùjìng - to enter a country 出境 - chūjìng - to exit a country

韵 - yùn - rhyme, vowel 韵律 - yùnlǜ - prosody (the metrical rules such as tone patterns, rhyme, and parallelism used in poetry) 韵文 - yùnwén - a literary genre that arranges sentences according to a specific rhythm (e.g. specific types of poems such as Tang poetry, etc) 韵人韵事 - yùnrényùnshì - a charming man enjoys charming interests (an idiom meaning elegant people doing elegant things basically e.g. drinking tea under a moon, painting or playing instruments.)

谙 - ān - versed in, acquainted with 谙练 - ānliàn - skilled, proficient in something 深谙 - shēnān - to know something very well 深谙世故 - shēnānshìgù - having seen much of life, well-versed in life

韶 - sháo - originally this was name of an ancient musical piece, said to have been created during the time of Emperor Shun. Later, it's meaning changed to mean something beautiful. 韶光 - sháoguāng - beautiful 韶华似水 - sháohuásìshuǐ - time/youth passes like flowing water

黯 - àn - dark, sullen, dreary 黯淡 - àndàn - similar to 暗淡, meaning dark and gloomy 黯然失色 - ànránshīsè - to be cast into the shadows/ to be overlooked 黯黑 - ànhēi - pitch dark

喑 - yīn - mute 喑哑 - yīnyǎ - mute 万马齐喑 - wànmǎqíyīn - 10 thousand horses standing mute (an idiom meaning a situation where no one dares to speak up)

歆 - xīn - to like, admire 歆慕 - xīn mù - to admire something 歆羡 - xīn xiàn - same meaning, also means to admire something