HIPAA, which stands for the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, is a comprehensive U.S. federal law enacted in 1996 that addresses various aspects of healthcare, including health insurance coverage, patient privacy, and healthcare data security. HIPAA compliance refers to the set of rules, regulations, and practices that healthcare organizations, healthcare providers, health plans, and their business associates must follow to protect patients' sensitive health information and maintain the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of healthcare data.