Untitled

Every living thing engages in a phenomenal activity called sex. It is impossible to avoid for an extended period of time. People are becoming more aware of it, and they are experimenting in order to make their sex lives more exciting and healthy.

WHAT IS SEXUAL HEALTH?

Sexual health is a state of well-being that allows a man or woman to fully engage in and enjoy sexual activity. A person's sexual health is influenced by a variety of physical, psychological, interpersonal, and social factors.

CAUSES OF SEXUAL PROBLEMS IN MEN

Sexual problems can be caused by:

certain types of cancer - including prostate, bladder, and colorectal cancers

surgery to remove a tumor that damages nerves or blood vessels in the pelvis or changes in hormone levels

radiation therapy to the pelvis

hormonal therapy

fatigue and pain

Emotional factors, such as the following, can also affect sexual function:

changes in self-image

anxiety, depression, and stress

fear about sexual performance

fear of pain

unhappiness and embarrassment because of physical changes

TYPES OF SEXUAL PROBLEMS IN MEN

When it comes to sexual issues in men, the first thing that comes to mind is either erectile dysfunction or premature ejaculation. But there's more to it than that. Male sexual dysfunction can manifest itself in a variety of ways, including low libido, erectile dysfunction (ED), premature ejaculation, and other problems. While most men are aware that these issues are widespread, it can still be difficult to discuss. Many men, in fact, wait months, if not years, before approaching a doctor about the problem.

LOW SEX DRIVE

Also known as sexual dysfunction, this is a common problem that affects both men and women of all ages. It is estimated that up to 70% of couples will have a sex problem at some point during their relationship. People suffer in silence because they are often too embarrassed to speak up or don't know where to turn for help.

DELAYED EJACULATION

It's also known as impaired ejaculation, and it's a condition in which a man has trouble reaching an orgasm and ejaculating sperm. Anxiety, depression, medications for heart disease and high blood pressure, and so on are examples of physical and psychological causes.

ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is also called impotence. It is the inability to obtain and maintain a firm enough erection to engage in sexual activity. It is possible to have a temporary or permanent ED. If a man's ED is caused by cancer treatment, he is more likely to regain erectile function if he is younger. Men under the age of 60, particularly those under the age of 50, have a much higher rate of recovery than older men.

DRY ORGASM

This is a condition in which a man cannot ejaculate even after experiencing an orgasm. A dry orgasm can be caused by diabetes-related nerve damage, medications to treat high blood pressure or mood disorders, prostate and bladder surgery, etc.

LOSS OF LIBIDO

Depression, stress, type 2 diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, sleep problems, chemotherapy, radiation, and other physical and mental health issues can all cause a loss of sex drive or interest in sexual activity. It could also be the result of a natural decline in testosterone levels as men age.

THERE IS A STRONG LINK BETWEEN SEXUAL FUNCTION AND MENTAL HEALTH

Sexual problems can be caused by mental and emotional issues such as anxiety, depression, and past sexual traumas in both men and women. Stress at work or in your relationships, for example, can make it difficult to enjoy sex. If you're having these kinds of problems and they're affecting your sex life, talking to a mental health professional could help. Many different types of sexual disorders can be caused by mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and other psychiatric illnesses.

IMPROVING OVERALL HEALTH CAN IMPROVE SEXUAL PERFORMANCE

For sexual performance, the cardiovascular, neurological, hormonal, and psychological systems all interact. Improving your diet, achieving and maintaining a healthy weight, and exercising regularly all contribute to better overall health and, as a result, better sexual health.

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is one of the most effective fertility treatments available for assisting people with infertility in having a baby. The success rate of IVF is determined by the woman's age, the cause of infertility, the quality of the treatment, and many more factors. Making the decision to opt for IVF is both exciting and nerve-wracking. On the one side, the process moves you closer to conceiving. On the other hand, not knowing what to expect and being unsure whether or not it will work is stressful. Here's everything you should know to be prepared.

Because IVF is unique to each patient’s situation, there is no “one-size-fits-all.” IVF has helped many couples with fertility issues successfully conceive, and may be right for you if you have or experience:

Damaged, blocked, or removed fallopian tubes

Ovulation disorders, uterine fibroids, or premature ovarian failure

Decreased sperm count or decreased sperm motility

Unexplained infertility

IVF – The Process

Suppress the menstrual cycle with medication.

Increase egg supply – medication is used to stimulate the ovaries to produce more eggs.

Monitoring your progress – an ultrasound scan is performed to check the development of the eggs and medication is used to help them mature.

Collection of the eggs – a needle is inserted into the ovaries to extract the eggs.

Fertilization of eggs – the eggs are mixed with the sperm for a few days to allow them to be fertilized.

Transferring the embryo(s) – One or two fertilized eggs (embryos) are implanted in the womb.

After the embryo(s) have been implanted in the womb, you must wait for two weeks before taking a pregnancy test to see if the treatment was successful.

Nutrition/Diet

Consume plenty of fruits and vegetables. They are high in vitamins and minerals, as well as fibre, which aids digestion and prevents constipation.

Cook the eggs thoroughly until the whites and yolks are solid. This reduces the possibility of salmonella food poisoning. Avoid foods containing raw or undercooked eggs.

Thoroughly cook all meat and poultry until there is no trace of pink or blood.

Eat cooked seafood/fish rather than raw, as raw seafood/fish can contain harmful bacteria and viruses that can cause food poisoning.

Limit your intake of caffeinated beverages and drink plenty of water.

Restrict the intake of alcohol.

Maintain a healthy weight.

Activities

Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous exercises such as running.

Opt for mild activities such as walking.

Abstain from sexual intercourse until a pregnancy test and advice from your doctor.

Reduce stress, get plenty of rest and commit to some relaxation techniques such as meditation, mindfulness or simply just breathing exercises

Avoid crowded areas and keep your distance from people who may be ill.

If you become ill, seek medical attention and inform the doctor that you recently underwent embryo transfer.

Do not take medication/drugs unless prescribed by the physician.

Achieve successful pregnancy through IVF at PFRC

The most advanced method of treating infertility in couples is In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). It is a safe, efficient, and accessible reproductive treatment. Every couple, or individual, faces a different path when dealing with infertility treatments. Pregnancy is a complex process. Even today, what we do not know about pregnancy continues to exceed what we do know. What we don't know about pregnancy continues to outnumber what we do know even today. Before starting a new IVF cycle, couples should speak with a fertility specialist to figure out what went wrong before weighing the pros and cons.

IVF FAILURE IS NOT YOUR FAULT

A uterus capable of nurturing the embryo, a healthy egg, and functional sperm are the most important variables in successful in vitro fertilization. Apart from these variables, other factors play an important role in a successful IVF. It may take two or more IVF cycles to achieve a successful result. While this can be physically, emotionally, and mentally draining, knowing that you are not alone in your struggle, help is available from fertility experts with decades of experience, and that IVF failure is not your fault may be comforting.

IVF can help couples overcome a variety of infertility-related issues they may encounter while trying to conceive a child. For issues like blocked tubes, advanced stage endometriosis, male factor infertility, poor ovarian reserve, etc., IVF is the first line of treatment. In other cases, IVF may be recommended only if other fertility treatments have failed to produce a pregnancy.

WHAT CAN BE DONE TO LOWER THE CHANCES OF IVF FAILURE?

There are a few ways IVF patients could try to reduce the risk for next time.

Check your TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone). This test is crucial because abnormal TSH levels have been linked to miscarriage.

If you are obese or overweight, you should lose weight at least three months before having IVF. A lower BMI improves the chances of IVF treatment success.

In case there is a history of miscarriages, make sure to get your antibodies checked.

Have a hysteroscopy before your next IVF cycle. This is more accurate than a scan and can easily detect uterine issues.

Reduce the intake of alcohol and cut out smoking completely.

Start eating healthy.

Do moderate exercises and not high-intensity workouts

In case of multiple miscarriages/failures, genetic screening of the couple is required.

For an elder couple, genetically screening the embryo for a normal one increases the chances of a successful pregnancy.

WHY DOES IVF FAIL?

IVF cycles do not always succeed, and pinpointing the exact reasons for failure can be difficult. Understanding the possible causes of failure—age, egg/sperm quality, uterine health, and more—could be critical to effective treatment planning and a clear shot at a successful pregnancy. The IVF clinic you choose, lab factors, the method of performing the procedure, experience and skills of the doctor, the competence of the embryologist are all factors that can affect your IVF results. If you are wondering why your IVF failed, below are some of the causes:

Embryo implantation failure

Quality of eggs

Female age & Ovarian response

Quality of sperm

Genetic & Chromosomal causes

Female Age

Lifestyle

PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) is a common hormonal disorder. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that affects women in their reproductive years. Whether you have PCOS or not, it is critical to raise awareness about how this disorder affects people's lives. There are a few common misconceptions about PCOS that you should be aware of.

Myth #1 You have to have polycystic ovaries to have PCOS

You'd think you could tell a lot about a disease just by looking at its name, but that's not the case. For some people, the term "polycystic ovary syndrome" is a misnomer. Many women with PCOS do not have cysts on their ovaries, and cysts do not necessarily indicate PCOS. When PCOS is mentioned, it refers to cysts in the ovary. That's why there's currently a push to reclassify PCOS as the "reproductive metabolic syndrome," which focuses attention on the disease's key features: metabolic and reproductive abnormalities.

Myth #2 You did something to cause it

While the exact cause of PCOS is unknown, you are not to blame. However, a number of factors, including genetics, are thought to play a role. Male hormones, or androgens, regulate the development of male characteristics. While all women produce small amounts of androgens, those with PCOS produce significantly more which might prevent ovulation and make regular menstrual cycles difficult. The follicles expand and fill with fluid, but the eggs do not emerge. The follicles may turn into cysts if ovulation does not occur. If this happens, your body may be unable to produce the hormone progesterone, which is required to maintain a regular cycle. PCOS causes women to produce too much estrogen or female hormones. While this does not cause the symptoms listed above, long-term exposure to unopposed estrogen can cause a build-up of the uterine lining, which is a major risk factor for uterine cancer.

Myth #3 If you lose weight, you can get rid of PCOS

Unfortunately, there is no cure for PCOS, but losing weight can help to balance hormone levels in overweight and obese women. Aside from that, treatment focuses on symptom management. A variety of treatment options are available to help prevent any potential issues. Lifestyle changes, such as healthy eating and regular exercise, improve the way your body uses insulin and, therefore, regulates your hormone levels better.

Myth #4 If your menstrual cycle is irregular, you have PCOS

An irregular cycle can be caused by a variety of factors, and PCOS is just one of them. A typical cycle lasts between 21 and 35 days. Breastfeeding, extreme dieting or over exercising, pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine fibroids, and thyroid disorders are all possible causes of a messed-up cycle. Stress can also play a role. If your cycle is less than 22 days or greater than 34 days long, talk to a gynecologist. Through an exam and by running additional tests as needed, the doctor can identify the likely cause.

Myth #5 PCOS only affects overweight women

It is true that many women who have PCOS are overweight or obese. And it's also true that obesity can make PCOS symptoms worse. But PCOS knows no bounds and can affect women of all shapes and sizes. The link between weight and PCOS is due to the body's inability to properly use insulin, which can result in weight gain. As a result, most women's treatment plans include getting into the habit of eating healthy and exercising regularly.

Myth #6 PCOS can be self-diagnosed

PCOS symptoms include irregular periods, mood swings, weight gain, and acne. However, just because you're having those symptoms doesn't mean you have PCOS. These can be caused by a variety of factors, including changes in lifestyle, eating habits, skin type, and so on. The only way to know if you have PCOS is to see a gynecologist and have it checked.

Myth #7 You can't get pregnant if you have PCOS

Several women have experienced high levels of anxiety and panic as a result of this myth, which is completely unnecessary. Talk to your doctor about fertility treatment to give your body a chance. Ovulation stimulation is possible with a variety of medications, which is the main issue for women with PCOS. If you have PCOS and are not trying to get pregnant, don’t assume that you’re in the clear. While PCOS makes it more difficult to conceive, many women still ovulate irregularly. As a result, it's critical to continue using contraception.

Consult the best gynecologist in Chennai at PFRC

People's mental health continues to be a constant battleground in the second wave of the pandemic. This pandemic has not only harmed our physical health, but has also created social and economic difficulties, putting people's mental health at risk. Because we've been living in a pandemic for more than a year, it's become clear that the body-mind connection is important for health.

Anxiety and the Pandemic

Infertility is a source of stress. Anxiety lowers the chances of conception even more. It's a never-ending cycle. Many people will tell you to "relax," but it is much easier said than done. Infertile couples, according to studies, experience significant anxiety, and emotional distress. When fertility treatments fail, couples might feel low and emotional.

The following are some of the more common signs of anxiety:

Psychological – excessive worry, catastrophizing, difficulty concentrating, obsessive thoughts, irritability

Physical – increased heart rate, panic, agitation, feeling restless, difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, muscle tension, fatigue

Behavioral – avoiding situations that make you feel anxious

Psychosocial aspect of infertility

The association between stress, anxiety, and infertility, as well as its therapies, is complicated, and research has yielded no clear picture of cause and effect. Dealing with infertility involves multiple psychological, emotional, and physiological stressors. Given this, it is not surprising that studies consistently find men and women with infertility report elevated levels of anxiety. According to studies, women who are infertile have the same levels of anxiety and depression as women who have cancer, heart disease, or HIV. Because many societies do not recognize infertility as a disease, couples are often blamed for their situation. Can you imagine blaming patients with cancer for their illness?

Chronic stress may affect ovulation

You may have noticed that your periods may delay or become irregular during periods of high stress. This is because stress affects the hypothalamus, which causes the pituitary glands to under-stimulate. The release of ovarian hormones that cause ovulation is controlled by the pituitary glands. It causes irregular ovulation, lowering your chances of getting pregnant. While stress is not a cause of infertility, studies have shown that long-term stress can have a significant impact on the ability to conceive during infertility treatment. The good news is that by reducing stress, couples can increase their fertility potential while also improving their overall health and happiness. According to a recent scientific study, women with the highest levels of the stress-related enzyme alpha-amylase had a more than doubled chance of infertility.

Stress affects the reproductive potential

Stress can increase the time it takes to get pregnant, negatively impact semen quality, and reduce the success of fertility treatments, and cause depression and anxiety.

Reducing stress is good for the body and mind

Using mindfulness-based activities to reduce stress has been shown to lower blood pressure, reduce anxiety, lower depression, enhance a positive mindset, calm the mind, and improve sleep and overall wellbeing. A study found that women who underwent a 10-week stress management program while undergoing IVF treatment had a 52 percent pregnancy rate compared to a 20 percent pregnancy rate in the control group.

Psychological treatment can lower stress

Receiving support from a psychologist, whether in a group or one-on-one setting, has been shown to be beneficial and effective in stress management. Treatment can improve mood, decrease anxiety, and positively impact pregnancy rates. Mindfulness training programs also provide useful methods for relaxation and enhanced peace of mind, which can assist to reduce the stress of fertility therapy while also proving to be a useful life skill.

Don’t let infertility take over your life

There have been few large, conclusive studies on the subject. The conclusions of most studies are difficult to parse because they are small and rely on notoriously unreliable self-reported data. However, based on what researchers do know, there are a few indications that stress may have some effect on fertility.

What can you do to look after your mental health?

While trying to conceive, there are some things you can do to help maintain your emotional health. These include:

being active/exercising

eating well

being honest about your feelings

talking to someone you feel you can trust – your partner, a family member, or a friend

getting help if you have any concerns about your feelings

finding ways to relax

IVF has helped so many couples to make their greatest wish come true: becoming parents. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is now the most effective treatment available for infertility. It involves stimulating the growth of multiple eggs, removal of the eggs from the ovaries, fertilization in the embryology laboratory, and subsequent placement of the best-quality embryos into the uterus i.e., embryo transfer. Despite continuing improvements in the technology, unfortunately, there are times when IVF is not successful on the first or second try.

IVF: If at first you don’t succeed, try again

IVF has helped so many couples to make their greatest wish come true: becoming parents. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is now the most effective treatment available for infertility. It involves stimulating the growth of multiple eggs, removal of the eggs from the ovaries, fertilization in the embryology laboratory, and subsequent placement of the best-quality embryos into the uterus i.e., embryo transfer. Despite continuing improvements in the technology, unfortunately, there are times when IVF is not successful on the first or second try.

A failed in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle can be devastating both emotionally and financially. When three or more good-looking embryos at the eight-cell level fail to result in a pregnancy in at least three IVF attempts, this is referred to as repeated IVF failure. It can be broken down into two categories:

Repeated Implantation Failure

Repeated Pregnancy Failure

Here are some of the more common possibilities why your IVF failed.

Causes of Repeated IVF Failure

Uterine abnormalities - Uterine abnormalities such as fibroids, polyps, uterine septum, or other congenital abnormalities can lower a woman’s chances for conception or increase the chances for miscarriage. These abnormalities can make it difficult for an embryo to implant or be nurtured during pregnancy.

Ovarian Response - At the beginning of IVF treatment, the female is required to administer a daily injection of a fertility hormone (FSH), which aims to increase egg production. Some women’s ovaries do not respond rightly to this medication and thus fail to produce multiple eggs for collection. This is especially true in older women due to the low quantity of eggs (low ovarian reserve).

Implantation Issues - This indicates that the embryos did not successfully implant in the uterus. This may be due to the presence of uterine polyps, a premature rise in progesterone levels, a thin endometrial lining, or a uterine infection.

Embryo quality - The female's eggs and the male's sperm are mixed together in the laboratory portion of IVF care with the aim of producing an embryo. Embryos may appear stable in the laboratory, but when inserted into the uterus, they may fail to implant due to an undetectable defect.

Autoimmune diseases - If a person is suffering from autoimmune diseases, there might be at risk of recurrent IVF failure. Usually, screening is done in patients with repeated pregnancy losses to rule out Anti-Phospholipid Antibody syndrome, an autoimmune disease.

Chromosomal Abnormalities - IVF can fail due to embryos that have chromosomal abnormalities. This means that the embryo has a missing, extra, or irregular portion of chromosomal DNA. If so, the body rejects the embryo which results in failed IVF. Chromosomal abnormalities might be inherited from one of the parents or be newly developed during the early stages of embryo division.

Age - In women over 37 years, it is difficult to have enough or good quality eggs. Due to this reason, the chances of IVF failure are high.

Lifestyle - As with a natural pregnancy, maintaining a healthy lifestyle before and during IVF is likely to help conception.

Ready to start your family?

All patients deserve state-of-the-art care that is based on sound medical and ethical parameters. Recurrent IVF failure can be devastating. Seek expert care and emotional support as you plan to build a family. If you’re ready to pursue IVF treatment, we can help. PFRC has diagnostic and treatment resources that allow us to achieve high rates of success even with these patients who have not achieved their objective in previous cycles.

For many people, the fertility journey is already an emotional rollercoaster, and COVID adds to the misery. It's not just about physical well-being. When women and couples work toward a major life change, emotional health is equally important. Couples seeking IVF treatment in India have faced a significant challenge as a result of the unprecedented COVID-19 crisis. During COVID-19, most hospitals resumed operations while following international and national fertility treatment guidelines. PFRC is now taking a thoughtful approach to safely welcoming back our fertility patients. As we navigate this new normal, the health and safety of our patients, their loved ones, and our staff remains our top priority.

Since the beginning of the pandemic, a lot has been learned. The CDC, along with other researchers, will continue to monitor Covid-19 and its effects on fertility, and new knowledge will be released as it becomes accessible. So far, there is no evidence that Covid-19 has a negative impact on the success of IVF. In a highly sanitized environment, all IVF procedures are practiced after an initial risk assessment with COVID-19 risk mitigation steps. The treatment cycle for most people will be the same as it was before the pandemic, with a focus on your safety and IVF success.

Take a look at the Dos and Don'ts:

To avoid COVID-19 infections, one should take the following precautions at all times:

Wearing a face mask at all times when in public

Social distancing 3 to 6 feet

Frequently washing and sanitizing hands

Disinfecting and cleaning used surfaces regularly

Not touching your mouth, nose, and eyes before sanitizing your hands, etc.

Be smart about crowds

Telemedicine consultations: A telemedicine appointment can be coordinated with our fertility specialist whether you are a new or existing patient. Telemedicine is a wonderful way to connect with us and to develop a diagnostic plan or to decide on a treatment option.

Every IVF cycle begins with a consultation with a fertility specialist to help set expectations for the procedure. Following that, both men and women are subjected to a series of panel tests. This includes, among other things, blood tests to check for polycystic ovaries, diabetes, liver damage, sexually transmitted infections, and hormone levels like prolactin in women. Ultrasound and other image-based scans may also be used. This aids in determining the cause of infertility and determining if there is any medical condition that needs to be addressed prior to beginning the IVF cycle.

Does COVID-19 impact fertility or pregnancy?

The majority of couples who want to have a child through IVF are more concerned about time running out. There is currently little information on the impact of COVID-19 on fertility, pregnancy, and the newborn, but preliminary findings suggest that it has no significant effect. The vast majority of patients of reproductive age do not fall into the high-risk category. So, one need not delay IVF consultation and treatment because of COVID. Many of the globally recommended safety precautions have been implemented.

According to studies, the risk of COVID infection in a pregnant woman is the same as in a non-pregnant woman. Furthermore, there is little evidence that pregnant women can pass COVID infection to their unborn children. In the vast majority of cases, the coronavirus is not found in amniotic fluid or breast milk. If you are already pregnant, it is critical to take all possible precautions to reduce your risk of coronavirus exposure by following the CDC's current recommendations.

DIVF Treatment at PFRC

After the baby arrives, there will be some changes that you’ll notice— both physical and emotional. Your body has just done something remarkable - grow another human being. Upon delivery, you will spend most of your time feeding, diapering, and comforting your baby. You may feel overwhelmed at times. Remember that every new mom is different, so each woman will recover at a different rate.

Your pelvic floor is a supportive sling of muscles, ligaments, and tissues that stretches across your pelvic bones. It is like a hammock that holds a number of important elements in place. Specifically, the pelvic floor is responsible for four key areas:

IVF is usually recommended for couples facing the following situations:

Sphincter – the circular muscles that control gas and hold in waste

Sexual – lubrication, arousal, penetration, vulvar care, pain syndromes, nerve impingements

Support – collections of connective tissues, muscles, ligaments, and bones that hold things in place structurally. For example, your body supporting the baby growing inside you.

Lymphatics – pumping and regulating fluid flow through the whole body, but particularly here in the pelvic region

The Healing Process

It took your body months to prepare to give birth, and it takes time to recover. If you've had a C-section, it can take even longer. Though your focus and energy will be on the baby, remember that you need to take care of yourself, too.

1. Personal Hygiene

IVF is usually recommended for couples facing the following situations:

Wash your perineal area with water (no soap) and gently pat yourself dry after a shower.

Make sure you keep the area clean and dry.

After urinating, pat the area from front to back with toilet paper.

Avoid rubbing the area.

Wash the area with water after you use your bowels.

Change your sanitary pad every 4-6 hours.

2. Ice and Compression

The vaginal area is likely to be inflamed and swollen after childbirth so ice and compression will help to reduce this and provide pain relief.

Posture

Optimal posture and body awareness after childbirth will also set you up for a better pelvic floor recovery. Make sure you sit & stand upright, lengthening your spine and drawing your shoulder blades back. It is important to get into good postural habits as soon as possible after you have the baby.

4. Pelvic Floor Exercises

You may not be able to feel your pelvic floor at first because the nerves in that area stretched due to labor. Even if you can't feel anything happening, you will still be doing yourself some good. Your body will return to its pre-pregnant state naturally, except for muscle tone. Exercise will help you regain this tone. Begin slowly and increase gradually. Walking and swimming are excellent choices. Talk with the doctor before you start an exercise program.

5. Avoid Constipation/Straining

In order to promote healing of your pelvic floor, it’s important that to not strain much to use your bowels. Ensure you keep your diet high in whole foods, especially fruits and veggies, and drink 2-3L of water.

6. Rest

Most crucial of all - make sure to get some sleep while the baby is asleep.

Sex without pain

Returning to sexual intercourse after childbirth will be different for every woman depending on multiple factors, but is not safe until after your 6-week postpartum check-up. Whilst sex for the first time after you’ve had the baby might feel different initially, it should not be painful. If it is, make sure you stop and do not push through any pain.

Keep your doctor appointments

Couples are always confused about choosing between IUI and IVF. The success of either procedure depends on a lot of factors. Two of the most commonly used fertility treatment methods are intrauterine insemination (IUI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF). The main difference between an IUI and IVF treatments is: IVF is a process involving egg stimulation, retrieval, fertilization, and transfer; whereas, an IUI injects sperm into a uterus to decrease the sperm's travel time to the egg. The best way to understand which is the better treatment for you—IUI vs. IVF is to have a consultation with a fertility specialist.

The IUI Advantage

Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) is a helpful procedure that will enable a couple to conceive. Usually, the sperm has to travel a long distance to reach an egg and fertilize it. With IUI, the sperm from the male partner is collected, washed, and then the good motile sperms are carefully injected directly via a catheter into the uterus. This means the sperm has to travel a lesser distance, thus increasing the chances of conception.

The mouth of the uterus contains anti-sperm antibodies. During sexual intercourse, the sperms are deposited in the vagina. When it comes in contact with this anti-sperm antibody, they have a rotary motion rather than a forward propulsive motion. As a result, even though the semen analysis is normal the availability of sperms near the egg will be less.

IUI is also used as a first-line treatment for unknown infertility known as idiopathic infertility. For effective IUI, the woman should have at least one good fallopian tube; good egg quality and the male partner should have optimum semen parameters. In addition to helping couples with infertility challenges, IUI can be useful for couples who are having trouble conceiving for other reasons, such as their work or travel schedule, or sexual dysfunction.

The IVF Advantage

IUI can be a good starting point for couples facing issues involving ovulation or unexplained infertility. However, IUI may not be the most suitable fertility treatment for a couple. In-vitro Fertilization (IVF) though more expensive than IUI offers a far better chance at achieving pregnancy. IVF is a series of procedures used to help with fertility and assist with the conception of a baby. It is a process where egg cells are fertilized outside the body. Embryos that are created following IVF are transferred into the female partner's womb to implant and develop or frozen for transfer in a later cycle.

IVF was introduced 30 years ago, since then millions of children have been born successfully, thanks to this unique use of science.

IVF is usually recommended for couples facing the following situations:

Severe male infertility

Blocked fallopian tubes

Lack of success using IUI

Concern about passing on certain genetic disorders

Advanced endometriosis

Poor sperm parameters

IVF can be performed with fresh as well as frozen embryos as the case demands with fair rate of success. If too many matured follicles develop during the IUI procedure, then the IUI cycle is canceled and may be converted to IVF.

The Cost Factor

As you might imagine based on the difference in procedures listed above, IVF vs. IUI has a very different price point. IUI is much cost-effective than IVF and is a viable solution for infertile couples. IUI is of course popular choice for its price advantage but at times a number of cycles would be required before a positive result is attained. However, at Prashanth Fertility Research Centre (PFRC), we have had many patients with extreme medical problems but who have been able to get pregnant.

Choice between IUI & IVF

The final choice between IUI and IVF is left to the discussion you will have with your doctor and based on your particular situation. If you choose IUI, generally 3 attempts will suffice to know whether it works for you after which it is advisable to re-assess the clinical situation. IUI can once again be tried after that. If IUI fails again, then it's time to think of an advanced procedure and the first one is of course IVF.

It is advisable to take your doctor's opinion based on the diagnosis of your fertility problem to choose the right procedure. Even though there are lots of factors that can affect the success rate, age is an important aspect that can have a significant impact on the result.

Choose Prashanth Fertility Research Centre

PFRC Prashanth Fertility Research Centre (PFRC) is a leading Fertility Centre in India with ultra-modern facilities and State of the Art, equipment offering excellent facilities with the latest technologies for those who come for Infertility treatment.

We perform the latest techniques in Assisted Reproduction starting from Intra Uterine Insemination (IUI), Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), Intra cytoplasmic injection of Morphologically Selected sperms (IMSI), Laser Assisted Hatching, Blastocyst culture, and Vitrification of oocytes and embryos. Ours is a Centre of Excellence housing time-lapse imaging technology. Embryoscope is available at only 200 centers worldwide and 3-D laparoscopy for the precision and accuracy of any surgical procedure. We also have a semen and oocyte bank to cater to the patient's requirements along with several other associated therapies for Assisted Reproduction like acupuncture, immunotherapy, and stem cell therapy for improved success rates.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. The top cancers that affect the Indian population are lung, breast, cervical and colorectal cancer. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) reports that the most common types of cancer in Indian women are the cancer of the cervix, breast, mouth/pharynx, and esophagus. Breast cancer is now the most common cancer among women in India, accounting for 27% of all cancers among women. Oncologists say there has been a sharp uptick in cases in the last six years. The projected estimated number of breast cancer cases in India by 2020 is approximately 1, 23, 534 which means breast cancer will take unprecedented prominence in the near future. The global average is 500000 cases per year and India contributes nearly 5% of that.

DON'T IGNORE THE SIGNS

Late diagnosis, ignorance about signs, and symptoms of cancer and hesitation to see a doctor further complicate the situation. Cancer is mostly detected in advanced stages such as when women either have a lump or discharge from the breast. Half of the women affected with breast cancer in India see a doctor in stage 3 of the disease. It is important to stay protected against cancer by adopting a healthier lifestyle. Breast cancer cannot be prevented however if it is detected early it is easier to treat. In the past, breast self-examination was advocated to help pick up cancer early. Late age pregnancy and lactation, usage of hormonal pills, changing lifestyle, exposure to radiation, changing lifestyle are some of the reasons for the rising incidence of breast cancer. Most types of breast cancer are easy to diagnose by microscopic analysis and can be treated through pre-emptive surgery, lifestyle improvement, radiation, and medications.

RISK FACTORS

There are many risk factors for cancers which include genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors including tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and infections like HIV. Tobacco contributes to 10 – 15% of cases of cancer in women. Many of the cancers are associated with diet. Cancers of the breast, cervix, ovary, and uterus together comprise more than 70 percent of the cancers that are found in Indian women. All these conditions have higher chances of survival as compared to men, who mostly suffer from lung or oral cancer due to smoking and tobacco consumption.

BREAST CANCER

It is the most common cancer affecting women in India. It accounts for a whopping 27% of all cancers. Reportedly, 1 in 28 women could develop breast cancer. In the rural areas, the number is on a relatively lower side with 1 in 60 women at risk of developing cancer but in the urban areas, it is about 1 in 22 women. Females of any age can develop this cancer and with age the risk increases.

CERVIX CANCER

In South India, cervix cancer is the most prevalent cancer. The global average is 500000 cases per year and India contributes nearly 5% of that. Gynecologic cancers have seen an increase and contribute around 30% to the total cancers in women. The cervix cancer is closely followed by ovarian cancer and corpus uteri which affect a large number of women. Cervical cancer can be caused by a virus (Huma Papilloma Virus). A vaccine is available against cervical cancer.

OVARIAN CANCER

Ovarian cancer mostly affects women when they are 35 years old and reaches a peak when they are between the age of 55 and 64 years. Ovarian cancer affects those women who never had children or those who had children after 30 years of age. Moreover, women with a family history of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, HNPCC, or Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colon Cancer are susceptible to this cancer. Regular health examinations and going for relevant tests could help in identifying ovarian cancer.

COLORECTAL OR COLON CANCER

Women with a family history of colon cancer, suffering from inflammatory bowel disease, or having polyps in their rectum or colon are more at risk of developing colon cancer. Other causes of colon cancer may include being overweight, having high-fat content foods especially derived from animals, being inactive, and smoking. Women between the ages of 40 - 45 years are mostly affected by colon cancer.

WHAT SHOULD YOU DO?

It is important to go for annual cancer screenings. This would not only reduce the mortality rate but improve the quality of life after undergoing cancer treatment. Make important lifestyle changes and start eating nutritious food that includes vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. Start taking Vitamin D and calcium-rich foods or supplements. Maintaining a healthy weight, limiting alcohol consumption, and no smoking could reduce the risk of colon cancer.

Fertility testing involves both partners. While most of us think of pregnancy as happening in the woman's body, conception takes two. Infertility diagnosis is performed initially, by collecting complete medical history and physical examination. It is then followed by diagnostic tests for infertility.

When to do a fertility test?

If a couple does not get pregnant after a year of trying (or after six months of trying when the female partner is older than 35), both the man and woman should go for fertility testing. People who suspect they may have a problem with infertility due to family history of infertility, abnormality of reproductive organs, or experiencing other conditions that can affect fertility, may want to seek testing earlier.

The infertility evaluation is based on each individual’s condition and health history. Some patients might need to undergo all the tests to diagnose the cause of infertility, while others may only need a few. The gynecologist will recommend what tests are best for each patient on a case-by-case basis.

Fertility Testing for Women

Firstly, a detailed history of pregnancy, menstrual cycle, general health is assessed.

A basic hormonal workup that includes FSH, Prolactin, Free T3, Free T4, and TSH is usually done in either D2 or D3 preferably in the morning with an empty stomach.

Ovarian Reserve (AMH Test) measures the level of AMH hormone to help estimate the number of eggs, especially when there is a risk of decreased ovarian reserve (ex: advanced maternal age/ history of previous ovarian surgery/ history of cancer chemotherapy or pelvic radiation). We come across many patients with impending ovarian failure even in their early 30s.

A pelvic scan is needed to rule out any pathology in fibroids, adenomyosis, etc., and to diagnose polycystic ovaries and hydrosalpinx. Antral follicle count measured during scan done on D2 of cycles can give useful information regarding the ovarian egg reserve and also decide the type of ovarian stimulation needed.

Hysterosalpingogram (X-ray with a dye) is done definitely before going for IVD. It can give a clear picture of whether the tube is patent or damaged leading which into fluid collection within it (Hydrosalpinx). If the ultrasound suggests a possible blockage, your doctor will refer you to a specialist for further checks.

Fertility Testing for Men

The workup for both partners will be complete only after doing the basic workup like hemoglobin, blood sugar, renal function test, screening tests like HIV, and routine analysis for the male partner. In addition to the basic workup, a semen analysis is done. If it turns out to be abnormal, then hormonal workup like FSH, LH, TSH, Prolactin, and testosterone are done. You may need a scrotal Scan- Doppler to confirm the clinically diagnosed varicocele. In case of a long duration of infertility or previous failed attempts without any identifiable cause, we need to go ahead with the sperm DNA fragmentation test which can shoe the genetic integrity of sperm, the factor that cannot be diagnosed in routine semen analysis.

Semen Analysis is to check for problems with sperm such as the number of sperm present and any abnormalities in the shape (morphology) and movement (motility) of the sperm. The semen is checked for infections as well.

Male hormones, including testosterone, are vital for sperm production and sexual development, so a blood test is commonly conducted to examine hormone levels.

STD testing

Scrotal ultrasound tests for testicle obstruction. A trans-rectal ultrasound closely looks at the vesicles and ejaculatory ducts that transfer semen.

Explore Your Treatment Options

Cause(s) of infertility can be diagnosed through an extensive and comprehensive infertility workup on both partners. Once fertility testing is complete, you'll meet with the gynecologist or reproductive endocrinologist to discuss

What the results mean

What further testing, if any, is needed

What treatment would be appropriate

Decide the next course of action

Since October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month, what better time to talk about breast cancer, and why it’s so important to get annual screenings. No one is ever ready to receive the news of breast cancer. Breast cancer is a common type of cancer that affects about 2.1 million people every year. According to the World Health Organization, it causes approx. 15% of all cancer-related deaths in women.

What is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that develops from the uncontrolled growth of abnormal breast cells. The rapidly dividing and irregular cells accumulate over time forming a mass or lump. Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated. Most of the breast is comprised of fatty tissue, and within that are ligaments, connective tissue, lymph vessels and nodes, and blood vessels. In a woman’s breast, there are 12-20 sections within it called lobes, each made up of smaller lobules that produce milk.

Causes of Breast Cancer

There are many factors that increase the chances of developing breast cancer. While we know some of these risk factors, we don't know the cause of breast cancer. In many cases of breast cancer, early diagnosis is the key to survival.

Risk Factors of Breast Cancer

Age: The chances of breast cancer increase as one gets older.

Family history: Having a close relative who has had the disease (sister, mother, daughter) doubles the risk of breast cancer.

Personal history: Having a breast cancer diagnosis in one breast increases the risk of cancer in the other breast or the chance of additional cancer in the same one.

Women diagnosed with certain benign (non-cancerous) breast conditions have an increased risk of breast cancer. These include atypical hyperplasia, a condition in which there is an abnormal proliferation of breast cells but no cancer has developed.

Alcohol consumption increases the risk of breast cancer, and proportional to the amount of alcohol used.

Genetic factors: Women who have certain inherited gene mutations (including BRCA1 and BRCA2) have a significantly increased risk of breast cancer.

Other risk factors include early onset of menstrual periods (before age 12), first full-term pregnancy when you are over 30 years, dense breasts, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and poor diet.

Signs & Symptoms of Breast Cancer

The most common breast cancer symptom to watch out for is a lump in or a change in the mass of the breasts. The following are the signs and symptoms of breast cancer:

A lump in the breast/underarm

Thickening or swelling of part of the breast

Irritation of breast skin

Redness or flaky skin in the nipple area of the breast

Pulling in of the nipple

Pain in the nipple area

Nipple discharge other than breast milk, including blood

Any change in the size/ shape of the breast

Pain in the breast

These changes may not necessarily indicate that you have breast cancer, but they should be evaluated. Every individual’s risk for breast cancer can change over time, depending on a number of factors. If you have any of these symptoms, it is best to visit the doctor. Though breast cancer is most common in women, men can develop it as well.

Prevention of Breast Cancer

While there are some risk factors you cannot control, you can take certain preventive measures against breast cancer.

Get regular screenings

Follow a healthy lifestyle

Stay active

Keep your weight in check

Breastfeeding

Quit smoking and drinking

Know your breasts

It is important to know your breasts. Know how they feel, and ask your doctor how to do a proper breast self-exam. Your best defense in the fight against breast cancer is living a healthy lifestyle and following early detection screening guidelines recommendation. Some women, because of their family history, a genetic tendency, or other factors, may need to have an MRI in addition to a mammogram. Talk to the doctor about your history and whether you should have an MRI at an earlier age.

Screening

Mammograms are the best test available to find breast cancer early, sometimes years before a breast cancer lump can be felt. It is an X-ray picture of the breast. The digital mammogram provides a 3D image of your breast to show any masses or abnormalities such as calcifications. Early detection of breast cancer means that treatment can begin earlier, much before the disease has spread.

Treatment for Breast Cancer

CAUSES OF MALE FACTOR INFERTILITY

Hormonal Changes – FSH, LH, TSH, Prolactin, Testosterone are the hormones that control sperm production and also influence sexual function of male. Any alterations in it will affect the sperm count / motility / Sexual function.

Varicocele – It is a condition of dilated veins in the scrotum. As a result the basal temperature of scrotum is increased affecting the sperm production. Surgically treating the varicocele improves the semen parameters a lot.

Medical conditions like long standing Diabetics, decreased thyroid levels, increased prolaction levels.

H/o mumps / chicken pox / measles in childhood and H/o trauma to scrotum / Any Hernia or Hydrocele surgery etc.

H/o Smoking / alcohol consumption – It has been proved scientifically that having more than 2 cups of coffee a day can alter sperm functions. Then think of smoking and alcohol!! More over it takes 75 days for a sperm to mature completely. So anything deleterious in that 2 months can produce change in sperm parameters. So stopping alcohol consumption (or) cessation of smoking for a week or so during treatment will not give much results.

Block in the passage between the testis and the external genitalia which can be differentiated by hormones and scan.

Working on laptops by keeping them on our lap. It emits radiations as well as heat which is detrimental to the sperms.

FEMALE FACTORS FOR INFERTILITY

Common causes of female infertility are grouped into. GROUP I HORMONAL CHANGES

FSH

LH

Prolactin

TSH

The hormones are secreted by a gland in the brain & any alteration in their levels influences the ovulation, endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation.

GROUP II OVARIAN FACTORS

Infrequent ovulation as in polycystic ovaries.

Premature ovarian failure where the egg count is depleted prematurely at an young age.

Endometriosis – where there is blood clots in the ovaries.

GROUP III TUBAL FACTORS

By nature, the egg which is released from the ovary is fertilized by the sperm which took place in the fallopian tube which is present on both sides of uterus. This embryo then travels to the uterus to get embedded there in 4 – 5 days.

So at least one tube should be patient for natural conception. These fallopian tubes can be blocked as a result of infection (pelvic inflammation disease) or there can be adhesions around the tube as in endometriosis or pelvic tuberculosis which prevents the tube from moving freely and picking up the eggs from the ovary.

GROUP IV – UTERINE FACTORS

The common uterine factors for infertility are

Fibroid uterus which prevents the embryo from implanting (or) it can cause abortion by increasing uterine contractions.

Adenomyosis – A condition in which there are blood cysts in the muscle of the uterus.

Intrauterine adhesions

It occurs due to Tuberculous infection of the uterus or due to repeated trauma in the form of D&C where the inner layer of uterus (ie) the endometrium is thin and adherent to each other. So there is no place in the uterine cavity for the embryo to implant.

Septate uterus – Uterus is usually formed by fusion of two mullerian ducts (genital precursors) from both sides and by resorption of the middle septum. If this resorption doesn’t take place completely, it results in septate / sub septate uterus.

This septum prevents embryo implantation and also cause abortion

CAUSES OF INFERTILITY

Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) are the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age. They are noncancerous tumors that grow along or within the walls of the uterus, primarily made up of smooth muscle cells, along with small amounts of other tissues. The symptoms and treatment options are affected by the size, number, and location of the tumors. Fibroids can shrink or grow over time and also change size suddenly or steadily over a long period of time. Treatment of uterine fibroids should be tailored to the size and location of the tumors; the patient's age, symptoms, desire to maintain fertility.

Diagnosis

The evaluation of fibroids is based mainly on the patient's presenting symptoms like abnormal menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, or findings suggestive of anemia. Fibroids are sometimes found in asymptomatic women during a routine pelvic examination or during imaging. Some fibroids are microscopic, whereas others maybe eight or more inches across.

Symptoms

Most women with fibroids experience no symptoms. But for at least 25% of patients, some symptoms will occur. These may involve abdominal pressure, which can feel like fullness in the pelvic region or bloating in the pelvis/ stomach. Large leiomyomas can enlarge the lower stomach area, sometimes giving a false appearance of pregnancy. You may experience a variety of symptoms with uterine fibroids and these may not be the same symptoms that another woman with fibroids will experience.

Types

Submucosal fibroids: The fibroids grow inside the uterine space (cavity) where a baby grows during pregnancy.

Intramural fibroids: Embedded into the wall of the uterus itself.

Subserosal fibroids: Located on the outside of the uterus, these fibroids are connected closely to the outside wall of the uterus.

Pedunculated fibroids: The least common type, these fibroids are also located on the outside of the uterus. However, pedunculated fibroids are connected to the uterus with a thin stem. They're often described as mushroom-like because they have a stalk and then a much wider top.

Treatment for Fibroids

PFRC's Fibroid Clinic attains a high premium on preparing a patient for a successful pregnancy. Methods like hysteroscopy and laparoscopy are used to handle all problems ranging from small to large 10-12 cm fibroid, polycystic ovaries, chocolate cysts, tubal blocks, septum, and other growths in the uterus. Practitioners here use tools like harmonic scalpel to remove the large fibroid with precision and minimal blood loss, which are crucial in preventing adhesions that may affect fertility. We perform key-hole surgeries on a day care basis. At PFRC, more than 10,000 surgeries have been performed with brilliant results making the keyhole surgery a minimally invasive and minimal pain day care surgery. Fibroids, adenomyomas, ovarian cysts and tumors, ectopic or tubal pregnancies, removal of tubal blocks can all be performed. All problems in women from menstrual to urinary problems like incontinence, infertility, the tumor of the uterus and ovaries are all treated by the top gynecologists in Chennai at PFRC.

Fibroid Clinic – Imagine life without Fibroids!

If you're worried about infertility, you're not alone. Infertility is a complex condition that is caused by a number of factors. The rate of infertility has been steadily on the rise over the past decade. Many things can affect a woman’s ability to have a baby. Let’s dive deep into the risk factors for female infertility in detail.

Maternal age

Maternal age is probably the most significant factor in a woman's ability to conceive. Women’s fertility gradually declines with age. The ovary's ability to produce normal, healthy eggs declines with age, increasing the risk of chromosomal abnormalities and unsuccessful pregnancy. For most women, fertility begins to decline around age 35. One of the best things you can do is understand your family fertility history so that you can proactively take steps for your fertility health.

Lifestyle factors

Your age, genetics, and bi-ology have the greatest impact on your fertility. Food choices can positively affect a woman’s reproductive function in a number of ways. In addition to the direct impact of a nutritious diet on fertility, healthy food choices are critical to build up nutrient stores and supply all of the building blocks necessary for fetal growth and development. The good news about lifestyle factors is that their effects are mostly reversible.

Bodyweight

Women who are overweight have decreased fertility and an increased risk for miscarriage. Very low body weight may be associated with infertility and miscarriage as well. It is important to maintain healthy body weight, with a body mass index (BMI) between 20 and 25. Extremes in diet and exercise should be avoided.

Smoking & Alcohol

Smoking may reduce the likelihood of pregnancy. Miscarriages are more frequent in women who smoke. Alcohol use may contribute to infertility.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

Called the silent fertility threat, sexually transmitted diseases like chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes, and syphilis can go undetected, with infertility as the first sign of trouble. Improving personal hygiene and getting the help of a gynecologist at the appropriate time is vital. If you are not trying to get pregnant, insist that your partner wear a condom.

Stress

Depression and stress can affect the hormones that regulate the reproductive cycle. Women dealing with these issues may not ovulate normally.

Medical conditions

Some women may have medical conditions that can be an infertility risk factor.  These may or may not be known about when starting to try for a family.  Some of these conditions may be more general, for example, thyroid disease and vitamin D deficiency whilst others may be more specific, for example, polycystic ovary syndrome and endometriosis. The increased incidence of PCOS in young reproductive women is mainly secondary to obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and increased intake of fast foods which need to be avoided. Female infertility risk factors also include problems with the reproductive tract, signaled by irregular or painful periods or pain with intercourse.

Health problems that cause hormonal changes

Exposure to toxins can affect hormones and the health of a woman’s eggs. If your job involves toxic chemical contact or high heat conditions, ask your doctor about steps you can take to protect yourself.

For women, several factors can help increase the chances of getting pregnant:

Maintain a healthy weight and eat a healthy, well-balanced diet.

Avoid alcohol, illicit drugs, and tobacco.

Get regular exercise

Avoid exposure to industrial or environmental toxins.

Avoid medicines that may affect fertility.

Limit caffeine

When to get professional help