Apogee Time

Metaphysics

Fatalism: Clyde Bruckman’s Final Repose (3.4), Monday (6.14)  Interactionism: Shadows (1.5), Fire (1.11), Excelsis Dei (2.11) Determinism, compatibalism, and/or human freedom: Aubrey (2.12) , Clyde Bruckman’s Final Repose (3.4), Syzygy (3.13), Wetwired (3.23), Talitha Cumi (3.24), Synchrony (4.19) Disembodied existence: Shadows (1.5), Beyond the Sea (1.12), End Game (2.17), Elegy (4.22) Personal agency/autonomy: Ice (1.8), Pusher (3.17), Hell Money (3.19), Kitsunegari (5.8), Empedocles (8.17) Personal identity: Lazarus (1.15), Born Again (1.21), End Game (2.17), The List (3.05), Apocrypha (3.16), Herrenvolk (4.1), The Field Where I Died (4.5), Dreamland (6.4), Dreamland II (6.5) Psychological continuity: End Game (2.17), Herrenvolk (4.1), The Field Where I Died (4.5) Reincarnation: Lazarus (1.14), Born Again (1.21), The List (3.5), The Field Where I Died (4.5) Time travel (see David Lewis): Synchrony (4.19) Parallel universes: 4-D (9.4)

Epistemology

Belief [This is a major theme in the entire series, but it is especially prevalent in these episodes] (see James, Clifford): Beyond the Sea (1.12), E.B.E. (1.16), Colony (2.16), Quagmire (3.22), S.R. 819 (6.9) Cartesian skepticism: How the Ghosts Stole Christmas (6.6), Field Trip (6.21), Via Negativa (8.7) General epistemology: Clyde Bruckman’s Final Repose (3.4), Jose Chung’s From Outer Space (3.20), Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man (4.7), Demons (4.23), Bad Blood (5.12) Pragmatism: The Erlenmeyer Flask (1.23), Little Green Men (2.1), all things (7.17) Fideism: all things (7.17)   

Ethics

Animal ethics: Red Museum (2.10), Fearful Symmetry (2.18) Biomedical ethics: Eve (1.10), Colony (2.16) Divine command theory ethics: Revelations (3.11) Environmental ethics: Darkness Falls (1.19), Quagmire (3.22) Ethical subjectivism: Home (4.3) Ethics of scientific research: Demons (4.23) Kantian ethics: Home (4.3), Small Potatoes (4.20) “Lifeboat” ethics: Død Kalm (2.19) Moral relativism: Excelsis Dei (2.11), Fresh Bones (2.15), Hell Money (3.19), Teso Dos Bichos (3.18), Kaddish (4.12) Moral responsibility: Irresistible (2.13) Virtue ethics: Apocrypha (3.16), Avatar (3.21), Zero-Sum (4.21) Moral education: Home (4.3)

Philosophy of mind

Artificial intelligence: Ghost in the Machine (1.6), Kill Switch (5.11)

Philosophy of religion

Faith and reason: Revelations (3.11), All Souls (5.17) Religious ambiguity: Essence (8.20), Improbable (9.13)

Philosophy of science

Abductive inference (see Peirce): Pilot (1.1) Axiological & normative issues in scientific research: Ice (1.7), Young at Heart (1.15), Soft Light (2.23)  Folk theories and scientific explanations: Teliko (4.4) The “Unexplanable”: Without (8.2), Invocation (8.5), Dæmonicus (9.3) Paradigm shifts (see Kuhn): The Erlenmeyer Flask (1.23)

Political philosophy

Government’s proper role in society: Blood (2.3), Musings of a Cigarette Man (4.7), The Pine Bluff Variant (5.18) Freedom of Religion: Roadrunners (8.4)

Existentialism