Ancient Saturnia

Travelling in the Dark Web with no idea?!

My boyfriend sends me this, he was dancing the Jackson style moonwalk. When I watch it. I feel like...

Me: *Quitting in My college Dance troop* XDXDXD

5. Branch and Loop Statements

5.1 Boolean Values, Expressions and Functions

In this lecture we will look more closely at branch and loop statements such as "for" and "while" loops and "if ... else" statements. All these constructs involve the evaluation of one or more logical (or "Boolean") expressions, and so we begin by looking at different ways to write such expressions.

As we have seen, in reality, C++ represents "True" as the integer 1, and "False" as 0. However, expressions such as

condition1 == 1

or

condition2 == 0

aren't particularly clear - it would be better to be able to follow our intuition and write

condition1 == True

and

condition2 == False

Furthermore, it is desirable to have a separate type for variables such as "condition1", rather than having to declare them as of type "int". We can achieve all of this with a named enumeration:

enum Logical {False, True}

which is equivalent to

enum Logical {False = 0, True = 1}

This line acts a kind of type definition for a new data type "Logical", so that lower down the program we can add variable declarations such as:

Logical condition1, condition2;

Indeed, we can now use the identifier "Logical" in exactly the same way as we use the identifiers "int", "char", etc. In particular, we can write functions that return a value of type "Logical". The following example program takes a candidate's age and test score, and reports whether the candidate has passed the test. It uses the following criteria: candidates between 0 and 14 years old have a pass mark of 50%, 15 and 16-year-olds have a pass mark of 55%, over 16's have a pass mark of 60%:

Courtesy and for more reads: https://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~wjk/c++intro/RobMillerL5.html

Operator precedence chart

()Parentheses (function call)left-to-right []Brackets (array subscript) .Member selection via object name ->Member selection via pointer ++/–Postfix increment/decrement ++/–Prefix increment/decrementright-to-left +/-Unary plus/minus !~Logical negation/bitwise complement (type)Cast (convert value to temporary value of type) *Dereference &Address (of operand) sizeofDetermine size in bytes on this implementation *,/,%Multiplication/division/modulusleft-to-right +/-Addition/subtractionleft-to-right << , >>Bitwise shift left, Bitwise shift rightleft-to-right < , <=Relational less than/less than or equal toleft-to-right > , >=Relational greater than/greater than or equal toleft-to-right == , !=Relational is equal to/is not equal toleft-to-right &Bitwise ANDleft-to-right ^Bitwise exclusive ORleft-to-right |Bitwise inclusive ORleft-to-right &&Logical ANDleft-to-right ||Logical ORleft-to-right ?:Ternary conditionalright-to-left =Assignmentright-to-left += , -=Addition/subtraction assignment *= , /=Multiplication/division assignment %= , &=Modulus/bitwise AND assignment ^= , |=Bitwise exclusive/inclusive OR assignment <>=Bitwise shift left/right assignment ,expression separatorleft-to-right

Introduction to C++

What is C++?

C++ is a cross-platformed language that can be used to create sophisticated high-performance applications.

C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs in 1979, as an extension to the C language.

C++ gives programmers a high level of control over system resources and memory.

The language was updated 3 major times in 2011, 2014, and 2017 to C++11, C++14, and C++17.

Why Use C++

C++ is one of the world's most popular programming languages.

C++ can be found in today's operating systems, Graphical User Interfaces, and embedded systems.

C++ is an object-oriented language that gives a clear structure to programs and allows code to be reused, lowering development costs.

C++ is portable and can be used to develop applications that can be adapted to multiple platforms.

C++ is fun and easy to learn!