AgVenture

polyphenoloxidase enzymes which, in the presence of oxygen, eventually lead to the formation of complex brown polymers and numerous bad-smelling aldehydes and ketones. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO ), an enzyme involved in fruit browning, is a tetramer that contains four atoms of copper per molecule, and binding sites for two aromatic compounds and oxygen. . . . #biochem #enzymes #food #fruit #horticulture #vegetablescience #plant_world (at IIHR) https://www.instagram.com/p/CHUWgCtn4oJ/?igshid=nn59pygv9p9o

Silage is a type of fodder made from green foliage crops which have been preserved by acidification, achieved through fermentation. It can be fed to cattle, sheep and other such ruminants (cud-chewing animals).  The fermentation and storage process is called ensilage, ensiling or silaging, and is usually made from grass crops, including maize, sorghum or other cereals, using the entire green plant (not just the grain). Silage can be made from many field crops, and special terms may be used depending on type: oatlage for oats, haylage for alfalfa (haylage may also refer to high dry matter silage made from hay). Silage can be made by one or more of the following methods: placing cut green vegetation in a silo or pit; piling the vegetation in a large heap and compressing it down so as to purge as much oxygen as possible, then covering it with a plastic sheet; or by wrapping large round bales tightly in plastic film. The crops most often used for ensilage are the ordinary grasses, clovers, alfalfa, vetches, oats, rye and maize.Silage must be made from plant material with a suitable moisture content: about 50% to 60% depending on the means of storage, the degree of compression, and the amount of water that will be lost in storage, but not exceeding 75%. Weather during harvest need not be as fair and dry as when harvesting for drying.  . . . . #plant_world #scientists #experiments #crop #livestock #management #agventure007 (at Indian Veterinary Research Institute) https://www.instagram.com/p/CHStwxEnAqv/?igshid=y8yspspehweh

Trehalose, the non-reducing disaccharide of glucose, is the principal sugar circulating in the blood or haemolymph of most insects. Resistance to acid hydrolysis and an absence of direct intramolecular hydrogen bonding make trehalose chemically unique when compared with other common disaccharides, particularly sucrose, the non-reducing disaccharide of plant origin. Synthesized in the fat body following digestion of dietary sugar, trehalose is a condensation product of two glycolytic intermediates, glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate. Alternative sources of trehalose are glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis. . . . . #insect #nature #biodiversity #entomology #animal_worldwide #organisms (at Central University of Haryana) https://www.instagram.com/p/CHQVTzsnHKW/?igshid=hyew69mdygqk

In 1928, Dutch botanist Fritz W. Went finally isolated auxin diffused out from the tip of oat coleoptiles in the gelatin block. Following Went's success, auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was then isolated first from human urine, then from fungi, and finally from higher plants. . . . #plant_world #scientists #experiments #biomolecules #biochem #icar (at G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology) https://www.instagram.com/p/CHNji4YHDiA/?igshid=nxqzm2w8modl

The flesh of watermelons turning yellow is a natural mutation. It is a lste maturing cultivar having green rind with dark green stripes. In fact, the originator of our commercial variety, which comes from Africa, is a yellow- to white-fleshed fruit. The fruit has a sweeter, honey-like flavor as compared to red-fleshed melons, but many of the same nutritional benefits. . . . #crop #production #fruit #food #nutrition #horticulture #agriculture #icar (at G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology) https://www.instagram.com/p/CHLNFvynr0s/?igshid=1tj3ae5yt09oc

Root-knot nematodes are plant-parasitic nematodes from the genus Meloidogyne. They exist in soil in areas with hot climates or short winters. About 2000 plants worldwide are susceptible to infection by root-knot nematodes and they cause approximately 5% of global crop loss. Root-knot nematode larvae infect plant roots, causing the development of root-knot galls that drain the plant's photosynthate and nutrients. Infection of young plants may be lethal, while infection of mature plants causes decreased yield. Root-knot nematodes exhibit a range of reproductive modes, including sexuality (amphimixis), facultative sexuality, meiotic parthenogenesis (automixis) and mitotic parthenogenesis (apomixis). . . . #nematology #parasite #control #disease #pathology #animal_worldwide (at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University) https://www.instagram.com/p/CHInk7mHUC4/?igshid=20cpg5kezkm2

Biofortification is the process by which the nutritional quality of food crops is improved through agronomic practices, conventional plant breeding, or modern biotechnology. Biofortification differs from conventional fortification in that biofortification aims to increase nutrient levels in crops during plant growth rather than through manual means during processing of the crops. Biofortification may therefore present a way to reach populations where supplementation and conventional fortification activities may be difficult to implement and/or limited. Other Examples of biofortification projects include: 1)Iron-biofortification of rice, beans, sweet potato, cassava and legumes 2)Zinc-Biofortification of wheat, rice, beans, sweet potato and maize 3) Provitamin A carotenoid-biofortification of sweet potato, maize and cassava 4) Amino acid and protein-biofortification of sourghum and cassava. . . . #scientists #experiments #study #global #instadaily #agriculturefacts #agriculture_globally (at IIHR) https://www.instagram.com/p/CHF3F0QHFhW/?igshid=1qe6rgtak049v

Egg yolks range in color from pale yellow to deep orange. The color of the yolk has very little to do with its nutritional content. Actually, yolk color depends almost entirely on pigments in the food chickens eat. If a hen  eats plenty of yellow orange pigments called Xanthophylls they will result in dark Orange yolk colour. . . . #egg #poultry #food #nutrition #healthy #production (at Indian Veterinary Research Institute) https://www.instagram.com/p/CHDdtXGn38I/?igshid=10sdskyim5elj

Guizotia abyssinica is an erect, stout, branched annual herb, grown for its edible oil and seed. Its cultivation originated in the Ethiopian highlands, and has spread to other parts of Ethiopia. The seed, technically a fruit called an achene, is often sold as birdseed as it is a favourite of finches. Niger seed yields about 30–35% of its weight in oil which is clear, slow-drying, and edible. Niger seed oil is polyunsaturated semi-drying oil. It has pale yellow or orange color with a nutty taste and sweet odor. . . . #seed #agronomy #flowering plants #plant_world #biodiversity #botany (at G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology) https://www.instagram.com/p/CHC2VDOHYwg/?igshid=orj07jcxai7u

humus denominates the fraction of soil organic matter that is amorphous and without the "cellular cake structure characteristic of plants, micro-organisms or animals".Humus significantly affects the bulk density of soil and contributes to its retention of moisture and nutrients. Although the terms humus and compost are informally used interchangeably, they are distinct soil components with different origins; humus is created through anaerobic fermentation, while compost is the result of aerobic decomposition. In agriculture, "humus" sometimes also is used to describe mature or natural compost extracted from a woodland or other spontaneous source for use as a soil conditioner. It is also used to describe a topsoil horizon that contains organic matter. Humus is the dark organic matter that forms in soil when dead plant and animal matter (including aerobic compost) breaks down further, specifically through the action of anaerobic organisms. Humus has many nutrients that improve the health of soil, nitrogen being the most important. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C:N) of humus is 10:1. . . . #soil #nutrients #fertility #productivity #scientists #naturalphenomenon (at Central University of Haryana) https://www.instagram.com/p/CHA6cSnHWFE/?igshid=nqvkqzr1wta

Karnal bunt (also known as partial bunt) is a fungal disease of wheat, durum wheat, triticale and rye. Despite its preference for a common crop, Karnal bunt can be extremely difficult to diagnose in the field for many reasons. This distribution is the reason for Karnal bunt's being referred to as partial bunt. Another factor which makes Karnal bunt difficult to readily diagnose in the field is the fact that most infected kernels do not show symptoms prior to maturity. The disease produces dark color and a fishy smell on infected kernels.  The disease is primarily spread through contaminated seed or farm equipment, although it may also be carried short distances by the wind, especially following the burning of wheat fields. . . . #crop #pathology #agronomy #disease #management #agventure007 #icar (at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University) https://www.instagram.com/p/CG-Wk22nxmr/?igshid=1mhhlu53no9qi

Fire blight, plant disease, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, that can give infected plants a scorched appearance. Fire blight largely affects members of the rose family (Rosaceae). It has destroyed pear and apple orchards in much of North America, in parts of Europe, and in New Zealand and Japan. Symptoms of fire blight include a sudden brown to black withering and dying of blossoms, fruit spurs, leaves, twigs, and branches. Very susceptible plants appear as if scorched by fire and may die.  . . . #pathology #disease #orchard #fruit #food #study #nutrition #healthy (at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research - IIHR) https://www.instagram.com/p/CG7uj6IHoIv/?igshid=i80abk0ml4yj

In colorimetry, the Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three properties of color: hue (basic color), chroma (color intensity), and value (lightness). It was created by Professor Albert H. Munsell in the first decade of the 20th century and adopted by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) as the official color system for soil research in the 1930s. Several earlier color order systems had placed colors into a three-dimensional color solid of one form or another, but Munsell was the first to separate hue, value, and chroma into perceptually uniform and independent dimensions, and he was the first to illustrate the colors systematically in three-dimensional space. The system consists of three independent properties of color which can be represented cylindrically in three dimensions as an irregular color solid: 1)hue, measured by degrees around horizontal circles 2) chroma, measured radially outward from the neutral (gray) vertical axis 3)value, measured vertically on the core cylinder from 0 (black) to 10 (white) . . . #soilchemistry #soils #colour #experiments #study #global #instadaily (at Central Soil Salinity Research Institute) https://www.instagram.com/p/CG7CvEOnQwc/?igshid=171ao3a6lbm17

Lantana camara (common lantana) is a species of flowering plant within the verbena family (Verbenaceae), native to the American tropics. It has spread from its native Central and South America to around 50 countries,[9] where it has become an invasive species.It first spread out of the Americas when it was brought to Europe by Dutch explorers and cultivated widely, soon spreading further into Asia and Oceania where it has established itself as a notorious weed, and in Goa it was introduced by the Portuguese. . . . #plant_world #biodiversity #nature #weed #plants #icar #exotic (at IIHR) https://www.instagram.com/p/CG5NBc8nP_Q/?igshid=oh2rgvaqqif7

Pratham was the World’s First IVF Buffalo Calf. It was born through embryo transfer technology at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal in 1990. India is home to more than 56% of world buffalo population. Although we have a huge livestock population, we are facing acute shortage of feed and fodder resources. Another major problem is the scarcity of the superior quality of animals and a majority of our buffaloes is low producer. This is posing huge challenges in substantially increasing country's milk production.  . . . #livestock #management #agriculture #breed #cattle #animals #worldwide (at Luvas Hisar) https://www.instagram.com/p/CG4dWyMn04a/?igshid=tkuhss4h3o1v

Black shank of tobacco is a devastating root rot disease caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora nicotianae. Above-ground symptoms of this disease include wilting and yellowing of leaves, as well as dark brown to black areas at the base of the stem. . . . #pathology #disease #management #control #plant_world #biodiversity (at Mahendergarh) https://www.instagram.com/p/CG2mp5_nhBd/?igshid=1n7i13j155sg7

Pomegranate of Lythraceae family is a fruit with outer hard layer formed of exocarp and partially mesocarp, which also forms septa in the fruit. The endocarp covers the seeds as a papery structure and the seeds have modified fleshy testa which can be eaten. Testa is the outer layer of seed coat. So, the edible part of Pomegranate is 'Seed coat'. . . . . #plant_world #food #fruit #nutrition #crop #horticulture #agriculture (at IIHR) https://www.instagram.com/p/CG1mQ8NnIe9/?igshid=1x9qarpr6r7op