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Linking words🔮

there are several ways to talk about what you have experienced, what you have tried or have never tried, or what you will try to do. This is just one way.

적 acts like a noun. In reality it does not mean anything relevant by itself, but used in these sentences it means ‘an experience’. Add -ㄴ/은 적 to a verb stem to mean ‘an experience of that verb’ (먹은 적 = the experience of eating something). Then follow it with 있다 or 없다 to talk about things you have or haven’t done:

김치를 먹은 적이 있어요 = I’ve had kimchi before (literally; I have the experience of eating kimchi)

V + 도록 하다

Commonly used with ~도록 하겠습니다, ~도록 하세요, ~도록 하십시오

상대방에게 노력할 것을 권하거나 지시한다. ‘겠습니다’를 붙여 화자가 노력하겠다는 의지를 강조하여 말하기도 한다.

Used to advise the listener to do something to the best of their ability/ to try their best to do something. When ~도록 하겠습니다 is used, it indicates the speaker’s strong intention to do something.

수업에 늦지 않도록 하세요.

Try not to be late for class.

시간을 지켜서 약을 먹도록 하십시오.

Please take your medication on time.

내일부터 일찍 오도록 하겠습니다.

I will come early from tomorrow onwards.

이번 주말까지 이 일을 끝내도록 하겠습니다.

I will try to finish this piece of work by this weekend.

수업을 잘 들으면 시험도 잘 보고 좋은 학점도 받을 수 있으니까 결석을 하지 않도록 하세요.

If you listen in class, you will score well during the exams and get a good grade. So please do not miss any classes.

사회에 나가면 하고 싶어도 못 하니까 여행도 많이 하도록 하십시오.

Once you start working (”enter into society”), you won’t be able to travel even if you want to so travel as much as you can now.

학교에 못 오면 꼭 연락을 드리도록 하겠습니다.

Flashcards

세탁기- washing machine

건조기- drying machine

빨래- laundry

빨래 건조대- drying rack (idk bout you but drying rack for me was where you put your art in primary school)

빨래판- washboard

빨랫줄- clothesline

세제- detergent

가루 세제- powder detergent

액체 세제- liquid detergent

섬유유연제- fabric softener

드라이클리닝- dry cleaning

FROMIRELANDTOKOREA’S LESSON MASTERLIST

Seeing as I have a masterlist for ALL of my posts, including resources, books, etc (find it here) I wanted an organised lesson one! I hope this will help everyone!

HANGUL/READING:

Lesson 1: Hangul Basic Consonants Pt.1 Lesson 2: Hangul Basic Consonants Pt.2 Lesson 3: Hangul Basic Consonants  Lesson 4: Diphthongs Lesson 5: Aspirated and Double Consonants Lesson 6: Batchim Pt.1  Lesson 22: Batchim Pt. 2 NEED TO KNOW:

Lesson 17: How Korean Age Works Lesson 18: Levels of Politeness in Korean

VOCABULARY:

Lesson 7: Hello, Thank You, Goodbye, Yes and No Lesson 8: I’m Sorry Lesson 9: Please, More, a Little Lesson 14: Native Korean Numbers and Uses Lesson 16: Sino-Korean Numbers and Uses Lesson 19: Days of the Week Lesson 20: Months Lesson 21: Body Parts Lesson 23: School Subjects Lesson 24: School Vocabulary Lesson 25: Family Lesson 42: Today, Tomorrow, Now etc. Lesson 58: Vegetables Lesson 59: Fruit Lesson 60: Emotions Lesson 61: Food and Drink Lesson 68: Sports Lesson 69: Places in Town Lesson 79: Animals  Lesson 80: Clothes  Lesson 84: Sickness Pt. 1 Lesson 85: Sickness Pt. 2 Lesson 86: Sickness Pt. 3 Lesson 93: Transportation Lesson 94: Halloween  GRAMMAR: Lesson 10: It Is, What is It? Lesson 12: This Is, What is This? Lesson 13: This, That, It, Thing Lesson 26: Have/Don’t Have Lesson 17: 15 Useful Verbs Lesson 27: Present Tense Conjugation Lesson 28: Past Tense Conjugation Lesson 29-32: Future Tense 1 2 3 4 Future Tense Meanings and Examples 1 2 3 4 Lesson 33: How to Form Korean Sentences Lesson 34: Don’t + Verb Lesson 35: Topic/Subject Marking Particles ~은/는 + ~이/가 Lesson 36: Topic/Subject Marking Particles ~은/는 + ~이/가 Pt 2 Lesson 37: Object Marking Particle ~을/를 Lesson 38: Want To -고 싶어요 Lesson 39: Location Marking Particles ~어디, ~에, ~에서 Lesson 40: Negative Sentences Lesson 41: Negative Sentences with 하다 Lesson 43: Who? Lesson 44: Why, How, How much? Lesson 45: From - To - , From - Until - Lesson 46: Therefore, So Lesson 47:  And, With ~하고, ~(이)랑 Lesson 48:  But, However, ~그렇지만, ~그런데 Lesson 49:  To/From Someone Lesson 50: Plural Nouns Lesson 51: Telling Time Lesson 53: -지 마세요 (지마) Lesson 54: -(으)세요 Imperative Lesson 55: -아/어/여 주세요 Lesson 56: -도 Too, Also, As Well Lesson 57: -만 Only Lesson 62: Can, Cannot - (으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다 Lesson 63: Present/Past/Future Progressive Lesson 64: A bit, Really, Very, Not really, Not at all Lesson 65: Changing Nouns into Verbs -는 것  Lesson 66: Counters 개 + 명 Lesson 67: To Be Good/Bad At Lesson 70: Have to, Should, Must Lesson 71: Still, Not Yet Lesson 72: Already Lesson 73: (으)로 Lesson 74: If, In Case Lesson 75: Let’s Lesson 76: Pronouns + Possessive Pronouns Lesson 77:ㄹ/을 것: Lesson 78: Doable/Worth Doing Lesson 81: (으)ㅂ시다 Lesson 82: 처럼 Like Lesson 83: More….Than Lesson 87: 좋다 vs 좋아하다 Lesson 88: -ㄴ가 Lesson 89: 다, 더 - All, More Lesson 90: Behind, In Front of, Beside Lesson 91: Written Descriptive Form Adjectives Lesson 92: Before -ing Lesson 95: To be Similar to/The Same as -같다 Lesson 96: To Care/Not Care Pt.1 Lesson 97: To Care/Not Care Pt.2 Lesson 98: Connecting Verbs Lesson 99: Might, Perhaps, It’s Possible Lesson 100: To Want 원하다 PHRASES:

Hi! 안녕하세요. This is Admin Na. And today I’m going to talk about the pre-final ending.

What is a pre-final ending?

In a sentence, a pre-final ending it is just what comes right before the final ending.

-시-: -Si-: An ending of a word used for the subject honorifics of an action or state.

-았-/-었-: -At-/-At-: An ending of a word used for a past event that is different from the present or does not continue to the present.

-더-: -Deo-: An ending of a word used to refer to and convey in the present a fact from past personal experience.

-는-: -N-: An ending of a word referring to an event or action occurring in the present.

-겠-: -Get-: An ending of a word referring to a future event or assumption.

Examples)

This is Chul-soo’s teacher.: 이분은 철수의 선생님이십니다.

Chul-soo was short when he was in elementary school.: 철수는 초등학교 때 키가 작았었다.

Everyone was excited that day.: 그날은 다들 신이 났더라.

The child eats meat well.: 아이가 고기를 잘 먹는구나.

The class must be over already.: 수업이 벌써 끝났겠다.

The final ending is essential to the utilization of the idiom, but the pre-final ending may or may not be present in some cases. In addition, more than one pre-final ending may come.

You must have done it did. : 하시었겠더구나

하- (-시- -었- -겠- -더-) -구나

The pre-final ending is attached to the back of the stem of the idiom, adding to the various grammatical functions. (elevation, tense, type of sentence, enlargement of the sentence, etc)

REVIEW TEST

1. What does the pre-final ending mean?

A: It is just what comes right before the final ending.

2. Write an example including the pre-final ending, ‘-Si-’.

A: 이분은 철수의 선생님이십니다. etc

3. Write an example including the pre-final ending, ‘-Deo-’.

A: 그날은 다들 신이 났더라. etc

-Written by Admin Na

Hello! This is Admin Hyun! Today’s Korean grammar lesson is on 어말어미. 어말어미 is important in understanding Korean sentences because it comes at the last part. There is a Korean saying “한국말은 끝까지 들어봐야 안다”(You need to listen to the last word of Korean sentences) which means you may misunderstand the intention of the speaker if you do not.

어말 어미 Eo-mal eo-mi Final endings

Final endings are morphemes(형태소) that are added to the last part of verb stems(어간) to make the verb have different meanings and usages. For example, 보다 (see) can be divided into 보 + 다. Here, 보 is the stem of the word which has the meaning (see) and does not change. ~다 is the sentence ending which gives it’s original form. If you use ~여요? (can you see?), ~세요(please see) or ~고(see and~) after 보, you can add different meanings to the verb 보다. 

Final endings can be mainly classified into 종결 어미(sentence ending), 연결 어미(conjunctive ending) or 전성 어미(derivational ending). When a final ending completes a sentence, it is called 종결 어미 (sentence ending) but when the ending connects a following sentence with another sentence, it is a 연결 어미(conjunctive ending).

종결 어미 Jong-gyeol eo-mi Sentence endings

In the example above, a sentence that ends with 보여요? is complete and can be called a 종결 어미(sentence ending). Sentence endings are important to understand the meaning of a sentence because there are many different endings, and it may be difficult to learn for beginners. There are mainly five types of final endings –

평서형(statement)

의문형(question)

명령형(order)

청유형(request)

감탄형(exclamation). 

Let’s take a look at some examples with following sentence: 엄마가 노래하다 (Mom sings)

연결 어미 Yeon-gyeol eo-mi Conjunctive endings

A sentence that ends with 보고, and has another sentence to follow is called a 연결 어미(conjunctive ending). For instance, 잘 보고, 다시 해보세요 (Look carefully and try again) has two sentences which are connected by a conjunctive ending ~고 (see and~). There are three types of conjunctive endings – 대등(coordinate), 종속(subordinate) and 보조(Auxiliary)

전성 어미 Jeon-seong eo-mi Derivational/modifier endings

Derivational endings or modifier endings are used to transform a verb into a noun, adjective or adverb by using endings such as ~기 (to look), ~ㄴ(looking~), ~게(will see).

-Written by Admin Hyun

-Edited by Admin Yu

ig: lostpalette

I’m back to learning Korean for this ECQ!! I’ve been trying to learn new things here and there during the quarantine. I’ve picked up some Chinese and German, so now I decided to go back learning Korean!!

Brief background: I did study Korean in University (I got around Elementary Korean knowledge on vocab and grammar). I can understand and converse in basic Korean already.

Right now, I’m trying to refresh my memory on the basic grammar cause I think I’ve confused some of it and I’m trying to add on some vocabs and grammar rules because I want to take a TOPIK exam or something. I’m using this book from Korean from Zero!