The Buddhist wheel of the law dharmachakra, located at Khao Khlang Nai in Si Thep Historical Park, Dvaravati period, 6th-11th centuries CE.
Si Thep Historical Park in Thailand’s Phetchabun province preserves the remains of the ancient city of Si Thep, which was inhabited from roughly the 3rd–5th century CE until the 13th century. The site reflects a long sequence of cultural phases, from late prehistoric settlement through the Dvaravati period and later Khmer influence, making it one of the major early city-states of central Thailand before the rise of Sukhothai and Ayutthaya.
Rediscovered in the early 20th century through surveys by Prince Damrong Rajanubhab and later studied by several archaeologists, Si Thep has been widely interpreted as an important regional centre—possibly even a key hub of the Dvaravati mandala system, and in some theories linked to legendary or historical polities mentioned in Southeast Asian chronicles.
Recognized as an ancient monument in 1935 and later designated a historical park in 1984, the site was placed on Thailand’s tentative UNESCO list in 2019 and was inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 2023 under the title The Ancient Town of Si Thep and Its Associated Dvaravati Monuments, marking Thailand’s first cultural World Heritage inscription since Ban Chiang in 1992.
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