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  On This Day - 29th September . Higgs Boson. God Particle. Babi Yar In 1941 the Babi Yar massacre took place. About 33000 Soviet Jews were killed by the Nazis at the Babi Yar ravine in Kiev. This was a two-day massacre that started on 29th September, in which only 29 people survived. In 1954 CERN was established. The European Organization for Nuclear Research, known as CERN, was the joint creation of 12 European governments. CERN is better known as the operator of a network of six accelerators and a decelerator. Each accelerator in the chain increases the energy of particle beams before delivering them to several experiments or to the next more powerful accelerator. The Large Hadron Collider , LHC, is the world's largest and highest-energy particle collider and also the largest machine in the world. It lies in a tunnel that has a circumference of 27 kilometers and is buried as deep as 175 meters. It is located beneath the France–Switzerland border near Geneva. An initial focus of research was to investigate the possible existence of the Higgs boson and the Higgs field. The Higgs boson is an elementary particle that was initially discovered as a new particle in 2012. Other discoveries, like the electron for instance, required a vacuum tube and some genius, while finding the Higgs boson required the creation of experimental energies, rarely seen before on Earth. The Read the full article

Intro: In 1825 George Stephenson operated the first locomotive that hauled a passenger train. George also built the first public inter-city railway line in the world to use locomotives. The line connected Liverpool and Manchester and opened in 1830. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6wPoeXWmtI   Read the full article

Intro: In 2006 Facebook was opened to everyone. When Zuckerberg was in Harvard, he had the idea of creating a site that allowed users to compare people’s faces. Do you know why Facebook’s primary color scheme is blue? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ptw8Xcux580   Read the full article

Intro: In 1513 The Pacific Ocean was discovered by Spanish explorer Vasco Nunez de Balboa. The discovery took place when he crossed the Isthmus of Panama. He first named the body of water The South Sea, and he was the first European to see it. The Pacific Ocean got its present name from the explorer Ferdinand Magellan. He called the ocean “ mar pacific ”, which meant peaceful sea. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jof_mHvR6fc   Read the full article

In 1825 George Stephenson operated the first locomotive that hauled a passenger train. George also built the first public inter-city railway line in the world to use locomotives. The line connected Liverpool and Manchester and opened in 1830. Locomotion No. 1 was originally named Active, and was operating on the Stockton and Darlington Railway. The locomotive weighed 6.6 tonnes, with elements like the boiler, cylinders and wheels made of cast iron, but with the frame made of timber. The maximum speed of Locomotion No 1 was about 15 mph, 24 km/h. In 1828 it was heavily damaged when its boiler exploded, due to a manoeuvre error. It was rebuilt, but with the rapid advances in locomotive design, Locomotion No. 1 became obsolete the next decade. You may not know some of the myths that people used to believe at that time about trains. Let's find out, but before, we'd like to kindly ask you to subscribe to our channel If you enjoy our daily episodes. Many people were concerned about the dangers to the body when traveling at speeds of up to an "extraordinary" 50 miles per hour (80 kph). An even more alarming idea was that women’s uterus would fly out of their bodies as they were accelerated to that speed. In the Victorian time, locomotion was initially seen as a very real threat to health. Another danger that travelers faced in the early years of rail travel was tunnels. There was a concern for men attempting to lean over and kiss woman in the dark. Read the full article

In 1914 Federal Trade Commission - FTC- was established. The FTC is an independent government agency in the US, responsible for consumer and market protection. In 1955 The New York Stock Exchange suffered its worst decline after 1929, due to concerns on U.S. President Eisenhower's heart attack. Before this day, there was a golden age for the economy. Energy was cheap and the country was having a baby boom. The rich and the poor class were moving closer together. After soaring 90% in two years, the Dow dropped 6.5%, on a single day, and The New York Stock Exchange suffered a $44 million loss. In 1981 The Boeing 7 6 7 made its maiden flight. The 3.1 million parts plane is built at Boeing's Everett factory, Washington. Boeing 7 6 7 is the favorite airplane for Atlantic routes due to it's fuel consumption. In 2006 Facebook was opened to everyone. When Zuckerberg was in Harvard, he had the idea of creating a site that allowed users to compare people’s faces. Mark Zuckerberg’s First Idea Was a Site Called Face mash. A very early version displayed a header image featuring a man’s face obscured behind binary code. The man could not be seen clearly, but it was later discovered that the face was that of Al Pacino. Zuckerberg’s Second Idea Was an Online Student Directory. Peter Thiel, co-founder of PayPal, was the first major investor to back Facebook. It is now the Third Most Popular Site in the World, next after Google and YouTube. Sean Read the full article

In 1513 The Pacific Ocean was discovered by Spanish explorer Vasco Nunez de Balboa. The discovery took place when he crossed the Isthmus of Panama. He first named the body of water The South Sea, and he was the first European to see it. The Pacific Ocean got its present name from the explorer Ferdinand Magellan. He called the ocean “ mar pacific ”, which meant peaceful sea. The pressure at the bottom is an incredible 8,000 psi, and would crush a human instantly. An interesting fact is that more people have landed on the Moon, than have explored the deepest depths of the ocean. There are more than 25,000 islands in the Pacific. The Pacific Ocean shrinks by one inch every year, because of the movement of the tectonic plates. This also makes it the home to 75% of the World’s Volcanoes. In 2014, Underwater Volcanoes Were Spotted Erupting from the Air in the Pacific Let's see which precious metal can be found free in the Pacific Ocean, but before, we'd like to kindly ask you to subscribe to our channel If you enjoy our daily episodes. Experts estimate that the Pacific Ocean holds about 20 million tonnes of gold. This quantity is diluted throughout it's volume. Shark proof cables are laid all over the Pacific’s ocean floor. The telecommunications cables are used for the internet and other electronic communications technology, all over the world. You might be using one right now, while watching this Wizemy episode. In 1789 The first U.S. Read the full article

Intro: In 1948 Honda Motor Company is founded by Soichiro Honda, in Japan. He first started out as a piston ring manufacturer for Toyota, but his manufacturing plant was destroyed during a B-29 bomber attack in 1944. Then an earthquake caused his other plant to collapse in 1945. Honda was a courageous pilot and engineer, so he did not give up. He began building Motorized Bicycles which had great success. No wonder Honda is now the world's largest producer of motorcycles. The first car built by Honda was the S500. Starting with the first car Honda had an impressive development, and it is now producing 14 million engines per year. This makes Honda the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines, measured by volume. The Accord Was The First Foreign Car Made In The US. This is because Honda has sold millions of them in the United States alone, so it made sense to build the Accord in the U.S. A little known fact is that Honda was selling a hybrid one year prior to the Toyota Prius. Honda was also the first manufacturer to offer hydrogen-powered vehicles in the U.S. The company was the first manufacturer to actually use VTEC – Variable Valve Timing and Lift Electronic Control it in a production vehicle. Their idea is now applied to most of the cars in order to boost the efficiency and power of their engines. Honda also developed ASIMO – Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility, an android designed to help those who have limited mobility due to physical impediments. Read the full article

Intro: In 1846 Astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle discovered the planet Neptune. This the most distant planet in the Solar System when it was discovered. In 1930, Pluto was discovered, and Neptune became the second most distant. But Pluto’s orbit is very elliptical, and there are periods when Pluto actually orbits closer to the Sun than Neptune. When Pluto was considered a "dwarf planet", Neptune became again the most distant planet. At least for now... Neptune is a gas and ice giant, probably with a rocky core. Its Surface Gravity is Almost Earth-like, being only 17% stronger. There’s no way you could actually stand on the surface of Neptune, without just sinking in. The planet has the Strongest Winds in the Solar System, that go up to 2100 km perhour. This is because the flow of fluid gases in the planet’s atmosphere, have no friction. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7H6UmJegcgA Read the full article

In 1789 The Judiciary Act is passed by Congress and signed by President George Washington . It established the Supreme Court of the United States, as a tribunal made up of six justices. In 1869 Thousands of businessmen were financially ruined after a panic on Wall Street. The panic was caused by an attempt to corner the gold market, by Jay Gould and James Fisk. They started hoarding gold, which led to high gold prices, but when they tried to sold at a high price The US Treasury also sold a large amount of gold. This led to a plummet in gold prices within the span of minutes. The sell-off was done under the orders of President Ulysses S. Grant who's effort avoided a national depression. The event was called the Black Friday. In 1948 Honda Motor Company is founded by Soichiro Honda, in Japan. He first started out as a piston ring manufacturer for Toyota, but his manufacturing plant was destroyed during a B-29 bomber attack in 1944. Then an earthquake caused his other plant to collapse in 1945.   Honda was a courageous pilot and engineer, so he did not give up. He began building Motorized Bicycles which had great success. No wonder Honda is now the world's largest producer of motorcycles. The first car built by Honda was the S500. Starting with the first car Honda had an impressive development, and it is now producing 14 million engines per year. This makes Honda the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines, measured by volume. Read the full article

Intro:In 1692 The last hanging of those convicted of witchcraft in the Salem witch trials took place. The episode is one of Colonial America's most notorious cases of mass hysteria. Actually, behind the convictions, There was a complex political, religious, and racial crisis. The Torture of people accused of witchcraft led to bizarre confessions. It is believed that PTSD may have been a factor for the false testimonies as Many refugees from King William’s War made accusations in the Salem trials. It wasn’t until 2001 when the last five “guilty” witches had their names cleared. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DLAwB73j_q4 Read the full article

In 1846 Astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle discovered the planet Neptune. This the most distant planet in the Solar System when it was discovered. In 1930, Pluto was discovered, and Neptune became the second most distant. But Pluto’s orbit is very elliptical, and there are periods when Pluto actually orbits closer to the Sun than Neptune. When Pluto was considered a "dwarf planet", Neptune became again the most distant planet. At least for now... Neptune is a gas and ice giant, probably with a rocky core. Its Surface Gravity is Almost Earth-like, being only 17% stronger. There’s no way you could actually stand on the surface of Neptune, without just sinking in. The planet has the Strongest Winds in the Solar System, that go up to 2100 km perhour. This is because the flow of fluid gases in the planet’s atmosphere, have no friction. Let's see how cold Neptune is, but before we'd like to kindly ask you to subscribe to our channel If you enjoy our daily episodes. It is the Coldest Planet in the Solar System,temperatures dropping to -221 degrees Celsius or -366 Fahrenheit. An unprotected human being would flash freeze in a second. The planet has five rings made of dust and small rocks. It's largest Moon, Triton, is slowly spiraling inward towards the planet and will crash into the planet, billions of years from now. In 1889 Nintendo is Founded by Fusajiro Yamauchi, as a card company called Nintendo Koppai, based in Kyoto. The Read the full article

In 1692 The last hanging of those convicted of witchcraft in the Salem witch trials took place. The episode is one of Colonial America's most notorious cases of mass hysteria. Actually, behind the convictions, There was a complex political, religious, and racial crisis. The Torture of people accused of witchcraft led to bizarre confessions. It is believed that PTSD may have been a factor for the false testimonies as Many refugees from King William’s War made accusations in the Salem trials. It wasn’t until 2001 when the last five “guilty” witches had their names cleared.   In 1792 The French Republic was proclaimed. Let's see how the first French Republic was established but before we'd like to kindly ask you to subscribe to our channel If you enjoy our daily episodes. The crisis has begun because of the economical situation in which France was. At that time the prisons were hosting criminals as well as clergy and royalists. On their own initiative, citizens entered the prisons and set up “popular tribunals” to hold perfunctory trials. They had summarily executed between 1,100 and 1,400 prisoners, stabbing and hacking them to death with any instruments at hand. This became known as the September Massacres. As a result of the spike in public violence and the political instability, a Convention established the French First Republic and officially striped the king of all political powers. The Read the full article

Intro: In 1904 Wilbur Wright Makes the First Circular Flight in 1 minute and 16 seconds on the Wright Flyer II. Wright and his brother, Orville, are credited for inventing the first airplane. The Wright brothers were also the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing flight possible. The brothers' breakthrough was the invention of three-axis control system, that allowed them to steer the aircraft effectively.   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=evlG4Ym0Ke4 Read the full article

In 1870 The Papal States came under the control of Italian troops, leading to the unification of Italy. The Papal States were a series of territories under the direct sovereign rule of the pope. The Italian Army reached the Aurelian Walls the day before and placed Rome under a state of siege. Although the pope's tiny army was could not defend the city, Pius IX ordered it to put up resistance to emphasize that Rome was conquered by force and not consent. The pope lost Lazio and Rome and had no physical territory at all beside Basilica of St Peter and the papal residence, around the Vatican quarter. In 1904 Wilbur Wright Makes the First Circular Flight in 1 minute and 16 seconds on the Wright Flyer II. Wright and his brother, Orville, are credited for inventing the first airplane. The Wright brothers were also the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing flight possible. The brothers' breakthrough was the invention of three-axis control system, that allowed them to steer the aircraft effectively. In 1946 The first Cannes Film Festival premiered. The original premier was delayed since 1939 because of the World War II. Twenty-one countries presented their films, many of them being about war. The festival took place at the former Casino of Cannes. But before finding out how difficult it was to host the first edition in 1946 we'd like to take a break and ask you to subscribe to our channel if you like our videos. Read the full article

Intro: In 1931 Britain went off the gold standard. The gold standard was a monetary system where a country's currency or paper money had a value directly linked to gold. A country that uses the gold standard, sets a fixed price for gold. A fiat system is a monetary system in which the value of currency is not based on any physical commodity. A fiat currency is able to fluctuate dynamically against other currencies on the foreign-exchange markets. The United States went off gold standard in 1933 and abandoned the remnants of the system in 1973. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=skq2r923jyQ Read the full article

In 1792 The French National Convention voted to abolish the monarchy. It was done during the French Revolution. At this time many systems of order and measurement, including the old Christian calendar, were replaced. In 1893 Frank Duryea took the first gasoline engine in America for a test drive . It was also known as the "horseless carriage" .The car had a 4 HP, single cylinder gasoline engine with friction transmission and spray carburetor. In 1931 Britain went off the gold standard. The gold standard was a monetary system where a country's currency or paper money had a value directly linked to gold. A country that uses the gold standard, sets a fixed price for gold. A fiat system is a monetary system in which the value of currency is not based on any physical commodity. A fiat currency is able to fluctuate dynamically against other currencies on the foreign-exchange markets. The United States went off gold standard in 1933 and abandoned the remnants of the system in 1973. In 1937 JRR Tolkien's, The Hobbit, is published for the first time. The Hobbit is set within Tolkien's fictional universe and follows the quest of home-loving Bilbo Baggins, the titular hobbit, to win a share of the treasure guarded by Smaug the dragon. The sequel is the well known epic high fantasy book titled "The Lord of the Rings". In 1942 Boeing B-29 Superfortress flies for the first time. Read the full article