If you're new to analyzing literature or film, it can be difficult to find a good space to begin. All jokes aside about the decline of media literacy, a lot of people haven't been taught the very basics of story analysis. If this describes you, please give yourself some grace. Access to an adequate education is not as easy as it used to be, and the capitalistic and consumerist culture many of us live within discourages intellectual thought and identity.
Here is a very basic template for literary (or any media) analysis. I'm sure someone else has done this with more depth, so feel free to point in positive directions if the spirit moves you. You can expand on anything I've missed if you'd like as well.
Plot: Just the facts, no interpretations (yet).
What happened in the story?
Why did it happen that way?
What are the primary motivations of the society portrayed in the work?
Who are the primary, secondary, and tertiary characters?
Who is the protagonist?
Who are the antagonists? (This can be multiple people or it can include the work's society and world).
Characters: Here we use plot facts to understand what the work is stating or implying about human behavior.
What does the character you're focusing on value? Why? How do you know (facts go here)?
What puts the characters in conflict with one another? Are they internal (personality traits, for example) or external (circumstances)? Why? How do you know (facts go here)?
How does this character interact with the world? Are they pragmatic or idealistic? Do they have a moral compass? Are they rational or reactionary? What are their priorities? Why? How do you know (facts go here)?
Interpretation: This is where we identify the messages the story is trying to send. Themes go here.
Was the story a tragedy, a comedy, a parable, a fable, a cautionary tale?
How did the story end? Did the protagonist succeed? Was that a good thing? Why? How do you know (facts again)? What do you think?
Was there an obvious moral? Or was there a seeming moral that the plot (and/or narrative) undermined? What was the message? How do you know (facts)? What do you think?
How does the story reflect life or the world we live in? What is the author pointing out to the audience?
Do you see any aspects of the story that fit social stereotypes? Why? What is the author saying or implying about that group? Why? How do you know?
What were you asked to think about? Why? How do you know?
What cultural conditions were present? Why? What is the author saying or implying about that? How do you know?
You can ask lots of different kinds of questions here, as long as you have a why and how (the facts) that corresponds with your idea.
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the thing about wei wuxian’s victims is that calling them wei wuxian’s victims in the first place is nebulous.
that isn't to say those who died or were bereaved after nightless city or the first siege of the burial mounds weren't hurt by wei wuxian’s retaliation. but calling them "wei wuxian’s victims" while ignoring that cultivation society scapegoated and hunted him down, and that wei wuxian never attacked without being threatened first, is a massive oversimplification.
sure we have minor characters like the cultivator who lost his leg or the cultivator who lost his parents, and sure mxtx writes them as part of a mob of more unreasonable people who were largely not even present for these events, but the thing is... there are major named characters who were present, or who had loved ones there, and their grief and pain are given full attention by the story. they're called jiang cheng and jin ling.
my sister/my mother died at nightless city because of you! except no, jiang yanli actually died because an entirely different nameless cultivator stabbed her, and she intentionally pushed wei wuxian out of the way to protect him out of sincere love. it wasn't the first time. she already demonstrated this when she stood up for him and called him her blood brother in front of her fiance and his family at an event they were hosting, when she had zero backing support and could've easily been dumped and had her marriageability ruined for speaking out of turn.
who's to say that jiang yanli's death wasn't the only instance of cultivators dying at nightless city from friendly fire during all the chaos? we don't know. the one thing we do know for certain is that once it was all over, the survivors attributed the (dubiously counted) thousands of casualties to wei wuxian alone.
saying that wei wuxian was the sole cause is overly convenient for cultivation society. in particular the major sects politically did not want to help the wen remnants and were content to mistreat them in forced labor camps. they thought that wei wuxian was too dangerous with his unique ghost path of cultivation and use of resentful energy, so they gathered everyone up and tried TWO different times to assassinate him. the first time just killing wei wuxian alone. the next time, taking all the remaining wens out with him.
there's a lot left unsaid about these major battles and sieges which leads to a lot of our discourse as fans to begin with-- we have such limited information about all these major events of the past! and unfortunately for us, that's the point!
that's the thesis of the book! the details of the pain and grief you go through don't actually matter! regardless of it, you have to eventually move on. you have to actively choose good, to do what you think is right for the sake of doing the right thing, and not just to act based on your idea of fulfilling debts or deserving to be repaid a certain way!
what everyone claims as indisputable facts about wei wuxian are actually skewed not only by rumors, but by politics. mxtx doesn't depict these various randos to give them a brief beat of sympathy. nor does she do it just to make wei wuxian look better.
they are there because they are also angry and bitter, stewing in the past looking for someone to keep blaming (wei wuxian; the cultivation world decided thirteen years ago it would be wei wuxian) and demanding recompense from him. jiang cheng does the same for the entire damn book.
jin ling breaks the cycle; in spite of the rocky start he eventually chooses to trust wei wuxian and argue on his behalf even in front of his elders. even though he's the heir to a major sect. even though he has been taught his entire life to despise and be angry at wei wuxian for orphaning him.
mdzs is a complex story. it also happens to be a black and white story without gray morality. there are many what-ifs, actions that went poorly or circumstances that would've shifted the course of events if only things had gone well for everyone, but nobody acts in a legitimately morally grey way.
throughout the novels there is a clear delineation between good and bad, righteous and wrong; wei wuxian is clearly the former in both cases not because mxtx wanted to more easily depict her protagonist as a good guy, but because she consistently bases these dichotomies upon the fulcrum of hypocrisy.
supporting the use of resentful energy via ghost cultivation to kill your political enemies in wartime and then immediately turning on the person doing so for you once the war is over, blaming all evils on him and trying to get him killed because he's trying to help the few survivors of the opposing side (both because it's the right thing to do and to pay back a life debt he secretly owes that only two or three people know about, oops)-- that is hypocrisy.
if wei wuxian does it and we like it, it's expected of him and he deserves no praise, though he handles it all with charm and stride befitting the son of the illustrious cangse-sanren.
if wei wuxian does it and we don't like it, he's a murderous evildoer, the ungrateful and dangerous son of a servant (whose name we conveniently never say even though we all know who wei changze was).
mdzs is a book about the hypocrisy of the upper class. mdzs is a book about grief. mdzs is a book about society and rumors and politics and the pitfalls of chasing after what you are "owed". mdzs is a book about love and sticking to your own path and principles. wei wuxian is its protagonist, and by the novel's own values, he is indisputably good.
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Hachi spends the vast majority of the early manga being the POV character. there's a switch when she gets engaged to her abuser where other characters start taking over as the POV character instead, making Hachi, for a stretch, an inscrutable third party that rarely verbalizes anything about herself to the reader, let alone anyone else. devastating
Can I just say what a smart decision that was for the author? She decided to portray the circumstances of an abusive relationship from the outside, leaving the audience to understand her situation, miss her, and worry for her.
It also subconsciously taught a generation of readers to recognize the hardships victims of intimate partner violence face--without blaming those experiencing this hardship or shying away from them. Hatchiko/Nana is a whole person with dreams, desires, social connections and personal identity, none of which were perfectly understood by those who were closest to her.
This is a beautiful work, and I'm so happy to see it being discussed again.
I have gotten far enough into the TGCF novel to realise how well Banyue’s story mirrors Xie Lian’s. They both had to choose between two different factions of their own people, had betray one group to try save the other, because mediation was impossible; they were both heroes who tried their best to help as many people as they could, before everything went wrong; they would both rather take the blame and take the hit in order to spare people they’ve wronged any further suffering, even if they wouldn’t take back the original action… Banyue when she allowed the Banyue kingdom soldiers to torture her so that they could be released from ghosthood sooner, and Xie Lian when he refused to explain the truth to Lang Qianqiu.
xie lian’s most faithful disciples all serve (in different ways) as both mirrors of xie lian and as evidence of his profound impact.
banyue serves to foreshadow xie lian’s own sacrifices — at this point, we don’t yet know the full extent of xie lian’s sacrifices, but banyue’s actions are explicitly inspired by xie lian’s motto to “save the common people”. if his follower was willing to martyr herself to this extent, it leads us to anticipate: how far did xie lian go in service of his belief? how much did he sacrifice?
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I love the part in mdzs so much where wwx is like "hehe jiang cheng hates being unfavourably compared so bad I bet I can make him mad a cut sleeve doesn't want him" and you're like that's ridiculous nobody is that insecure and then it WORKS
I guess it needs to be said specifically, but it feels like people don’t get what ‘can’t say anything bad about jiang cheng’ meant or means even now, and the wider impact of the bullying to only ‘allow’ net positive fandom discussions of JC, most of which never happened and don’t stand up to actual canon events or motivations.
Jiang Cheng’s actions aren’t in some sort of void. Which means it’s impossible to talk about other characters or write meaningful metas without talking about his impact because surprise!
Jiang Cheng is an important character.
So, if someone wants to write a character meta on Jin Ling, but they cannot do that without discussing the overall impact of JC’s physical and verbal abuse on JL and what effect it has; that the person who loves and protects you is also the one who harms you. But if the only discussion allowed is ‘how JC hugged and cooed over JL who was the most loved child ever’, then the fact that JL doesn’t remember being hugged until Wei Wuxian or the fact he was hit at all is buried and you get fanfiction instead of character discussions.
Do you want to explore the power structures? Classism? Patriarchy? Do you want to write about mob behavior? How the Great Sects are set up and how society revolves around them? Overt and subtle homophobia vs acceptance? The mottos of each individual clan and how the founders made it vs current state? Just discuss the events and how they played out in MDZS and why?
You need to refer to the actual text.
Which means you need to talk about JC as he is written and not what he ‘secretly’ could be. Not what you wished he could be. And certainly not rewriting his clearly stated intentions into well meaning fluff about how you think a person would react in the same situation.
But when all text discussions are viciously shut down, you get fanon that doesn’t fit with the actual events of the book. So trying to discuss the basic plot of how WWX died, because he didn’t conform to society and how propaganda can turn a good man into a monster by the powerful, can’t happen. Because that means talking about people in the society like JC. And if JC is rewritten as someone who ‘meant well’ and would never harm anyone deliberately, then as the man who lead the siege to kill WWX, things stop making sense. His actions are not in a void like I said before. And to keep making sense, now all the main characters involved have their intentions and actions rewritten to support the JC fanon.
MDZS stops making sense. The themes stop making sense.
Jiang Cheng is an integral part of MDZS and when canon discussions about his intent and actions are shut down and continue to be shut down or rewritten, the plot of MDZS unravels.
And as people who love MDZS and thrive on such discussions, whether it is about the themes or the characters, people who love to explore MDZS as it is, having a tag which uses the word ‘canon’ wasn’t the end of the world and certainly isn’t the ‘bullying’ that toxic stans or so called ‘neutral’ groups continue to claim it to be.
But since the actual tag made for canon discussions has been destroyed by campaigned and targeted harassment by stans, there can be nothing done and everything will be posted in the main tag anyway.
If you want to be angry, be angry at the ones who for a year straight and more have spammed the tag and flooded the platform with bots to harass anyone who says anything about Jiang Cheng.
I've been seeing people talk about the "if you like a Bad Character/Ship you are a Bad Person" concept, and obviously that is an unhelpful framing, but it got me thinking about how I personally tend to end up viewing these sorts of things:
If you talk certain ways about certain characters, I am not going to trust your politics. That doesn't mean I think you're a Bad Person or Evil or whatever, but it means that I am going to assume that you likely have some ideological viewpoints (consciously or unconsciously) that I disagree with.
For example, I don't think anyone is Bad or Evil for liking Draco Malfoy. But when people write Draco Malfoy-friendly fics that lean on/positively portray wizarding versions of white nationalist rhetoric, I'm going to assume those people have some sympathy towards white nationalist ideas, whether they are conscious of them or not.
In the same vein, I don't think anyone is Bad or Evil for disliking a specific Black or female character. But when people talk about Black or female characters certain ways, I'm going to assume that they have some biases (conscious or not) against Black people or women.
To some degree, it doesn't matter if I'm right. I'm not calling specific people out based on perceived ideology; I'm not going out and finding people who I think are Bad or making lists. But when people talk about how they just coincidentally aren't interested in any female character, or all of their favorite characters are white male villains, or they find that Black character just a little too angry, or they think that male character's violent behavior was justified because of something someone else did to them once, I'm going to assume that that reflects their viewpoints about real people, because it's the only thing I have to go off of.
I realize this is probably kicking a hornet's nest that I don't need to kick, but here we are.
“I will stay with you to face him,” Feng Xin declared without hesitation.
In an emergency, Mu Qing had always been the one Xie Lian sent back to make a report, and Feng Xin had always stayed behind to assist him. It seemed that ancient history was about to repeat itself. But then Xie Lian glanced at Hua Cheng.
“Thanks! But there’s no need. San Lang will stay with me.”
“How can he be the one to stay? He…” Feng Xin blurted.
Hua Cheng’s brow furrowed ominously, but Xie Lian only replied, “I trust him.”
Although his voice was gentle, he was firm in his stance. Feng Xin was stunned in spite of himself. “Your Highness…”
-Chapt 93
I've seen this scene shared around for people to feel bad for Feng Xin and say it's sooo sad and tragic that Xie Lian trusts Hua Cheng more than him now etc. When I just see Hualian and think good for them! Xie Lian found a close friend that he can trust after years alone and Hua Cheng is obviously happy to be that person.
I do not think it's tragic that someone you broke relations with has moved on and is happy. On the other hand, I want what Feng Xin is smoking because it is an unparalleled level of delusional for him to think Xie Lian was going to chose him over Hua Cheng. 😭
Didn't Feng Xin already leave abandon Xie Lian bc of the whole "stealing is so terrible, how could I follow a god as terrible as you" thing- why did he think Xie Lian would go back to their old dynamics again??
And he never bothered asking Xie Lian about Bai Wuxiang at all since it became pretty damn obvious that Xie Lian wasn't "being delusional and losing his mind" considering Jun Wu literally killed him around his second ascension.
Now that the same threat is back, he is actually offended that Xie Lian trusted Hua Cheng above him?? Gee, I wonder why......
If Mu Qing was a jealous bastard who relished in Xie Lian suffering or doing something morally reprehensible (aka all the gloating in Fangxin arc), Feng Xin is just as terrible for still putting him up in a goddamn pedestal and feeling "betrayed" that he isn't so good (again him being "how could you" in the same arc as if both didn't literally break into Xie Lian's palace)
The way he is so damn entitled as if Xie Lian has to confirm to his image that he hasn't updated for 800 years (not that it was accurate even back then) 😫
The audacity to be offended Xie Lian would trust someone who actually cared for him and respects him as a person when Feng Xin himself never trusted him at all
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I'm only up to husband one of thrice married to a salted fish, but I gotta say... there is nothing more attractive to me than "my partner scares me and I think it's hot" coupled with "I live on spite and have a lust for vengeance".
"Will you still like me if I do bad things?"
Yes, Lin Qingyu. Both your husband and I will become steadily more attractive to you as you plot the demise of the overconfident hotheads who pissed you off. Please chemically castrate more people who don't respect your autonomy.
I am so excited about these themes, guys! My last danmei was ok, but it definitely leaned a bit less in the human dignity is important direction.
Let's hold hands! I have a feeling this is gonna be a wild ride.
One of the interesting things I've noticed about conversations about fandom is that, at least in my experience, many people involved in fandom fully accept that original media has representation issues and bigotry while being much more skeptical of the idea that there are representation issues and bigotry in fandom.
It's fairly common to see people talk about representation issues or bigotry in fandom as simply an inevitable result of the original media. If there aren't women or people or color represented in fanfiction, it's because canon doesn't have many women or people of color, or they're boring, or they're poorly written. How can you blame fans for not including women who barely exist in canon?
And when I talk about issues in het published romance, the response is generally some version of "of course." Of course there's misogyny in it. Of course there's racism in it. Of course it relies in the idea of strict gender norms.
A woman writing a book about a man and a woman together? Of course it has all of those issues.
But a woman writing fanfiction about two white men, with nary a woman in sight? There's far more skepticism that there could be sexism in those fics, or racism.
I feel like there's often an unspoken idea that there are two distinct groups of people: Original Moneymaking Media Creators and Fan Creators, with the implication that Fan Creators, who create selflessly without looking for money, must be more progressive and Not The Sort Of People To Be Sexist Or Racist, while Original Moneymaking Media Creators are reflective of the normal society with all of its issues.
But even ignoring the fact that there are many fan creators who also publish or otherwise create original fiction for money, there is nothing separating fans from the rest of society in such a way that fan creators wouldn't reflect all of the same issues that other creators reflect.
What makes it so easy to believe that an original TV show or film or anime or book has a representation or bigotry problem due to the biases of its creators but so difficult to believe that the fan works for that same piece of media have representation or bigotry problems due to the biases of their creators?
There's also a thing where like. When people DO vaguely acknowledge that biases can impact fanwork, fandom should be EXEMPT from the same kind of analysis and critique that "media" (usually big corporate media, where indie creators fall in some kind of muddy, hotly-contested middle ground) can be subjected to.
The excuses for such exemptions can include (but are not limited to):
Fandom is for fun and not for profit, as if money changing hands increases the impact that works can have on community behaviors and attitudes (and that doesn't even touch the fanfic-to-tradpub pipeline that's been developing);
(a variant of the above) Fandom is a place to "escape" real world concerns and politics, as if fandom is somehow insulated from people bringing their biases in with them, and other marginalized fans are not also trying to escape the bigotries that affect them irl, but are thoughtlessly perpetuated by other fans;
(a more extreme version of the above) Fandom is where our wildest fantasies get to come to life and run wild, as if our ids are not also shaped by implicit biases and mainstream media isn't also filled with the wish-fulfillment fantasies of their creators (look at the Fast and Furious franchise and tell me that isn't wild fantasizing!);
Fandom is just reflecting the biases of the source media, as if fans are just empty mirrors devoid of agency who don't frequently reject things like the heteronormativity of source media and magnify racism and misogyny;
Fandom has a smaller reach than mainstream media, so its impact is negligible, as if AO3 doesn't have millions of users and harming a smaller number of people with unchecked bigotry is somehow "acceptable;"
Fandom creators are often from marginalized communities, as if marginalized people cannot perpetuate bigotry nor be held responsible for same;
Fandom is filled with bad actors who've "weaponized" discussions of representation/implicit bias in fandom for their own ends (usually involving bullying, harassment, and/or attempts at censorship) and so the whole line of inquiry is now invalid by association, as if that hasn't been a philosophy used to silence progressive thought/analysis since its inception.
I could write whole essays on why each of these points are poppycock - and probably have lolsob - but in short, most of them are based on a staunch American Individualism / White Feminist perspective that fails to have empathy for those most affected by the bigotries that fandom lets run unchecked in our shared community spaces.
This is a conversation worth having. Thank you @chai-chahiye-yr for sharing another gem, because yes.
It's incredibly easy to look at others and go "oh hey, that's a problem". It makes it very easy for us to excuse ourselves from contributing to *the problem*.
I really wish that all we had to do to not participate in perpetuating harmful narratives was be part of a marginalized community. Really, I do. But that's just not true.
I'm gonna use socioeconomic status as the margianalizing feature here, because it is the most glaring and accessible social difference available to me at the moment.
The billionaire/ceo/he's buying the world for you fic content is readily consumed and written by people experiencing poverty, even though the billionaire/ceo/people who think they own other people and the world are the villains of our current story. They actively manufacture poverty for their own gain.
There is no such nonsense as an ethical billionaire. But the fics sure try to make it so: no, no, *he's* rich from manufacturing solar panels, guys. You're allowed to like *him*. (The billionaires are always men. Always.)
Is it an escape? Yeah. It'd be lovely if someone showed up and started taking giant barriers out of your life. To not have to worry about food or clothing- to go on trips and have new opportunities to enrich oneself. But these stories never touch on the billionaire being part of the cause of the protagonist's impoverishment.
In these fics (and traditional media), the biggest show of power for the protagonist is almost always rich guy firing someone (usually a store clerk) for them. Why is love interests most defining, attractive feature connected to being cruel to people with less economic power than them?
(And the possessive jealousy- is being purchased part of the escapism? Because... no. I don't want to be some billionaire's pet, thanks).
These are the same folks who run around saying eat the rich... without ever doing anything to disrupt their reliance on oligarchs (in fact, they're glamorizing the oligarchy and reasserting the myths that have marginalized so many through the violence of poverty).
Does this mean everyone who has ever read/written such a fic hates poors?
No. Of course not.
But it isn’t consumption that is intended to shine any kind of light on the dissonant beliefs underpinning poverty either. It is a reinforcement the prescribed mindset that "I am poor because of circumstance, they are poor because of lazyness/stupidity/bad choices/moral failings".
Sweetheart, no!
And poverty is just one example. The same things happen with queerness (heteronormative portrayals of queer relationships, elevating queer tragedy/suffering and reinforcing the "othered" status), with misogyny (only girlbosses can be feminists, let's have the male lead tame the female lead), with disability (so, so much ableism) and colonialism-which is a way bigger conversation than I can have, but let's say... taking a noneuropean character's modernization to Britain or the states. And then there's the pervasive and ever present white supremacy that is almost always assigned to people outside the self, but which harms people from every single racial and ethnic group all over the world.
(Yes, including white people. If you're white and don't think racism is your problem, you are actively supporting your own oppression. Here in the states, racism is getting your kids a worse education, fewer opportunities, student loans, medical debt, prederatory loans, the inability to play outside in communal spaces with age appropriate unsupervision, and lower pay at that job you're slaving away in. If you think not living in the states excuses you from this issue... welcome to globalization, friend.)
I'm having a problem with how preachy my diatribe sounds right now. I guess I'm not skilled enough to talk about this without coming off that way, which is frustrating.
My point is this: its worth critically analyzing your individual participation in fandom, just like any other media. Its worth questioning how you're processing your social beliefs and values-it doesnt *have* to take the fun out of fandom. You might even run across people you admire along the way.