slavic cult of the dead - complaints and curiosities
as you know, a great part of knowledge we possess about the beliefs of old slavs comes from sources much less educational in nature and more aimed at lamenting and complaining and ridiculing the pagan ways. Adam Fischer gives us a plethora of such wonderful compaints in his 1923 workΒ FΓͺte des morts where he gathers examples from various chronicles and sermons, regarding the slavic beliefs surrounding their dead.
Cosmas of Prague laments in his chronicles regarding old Czechia:Β βSo they would bury their dead in forests and meadows and then organise games in accordance with pagan ways on the crossroads, seemingly to soothe the souls, but they would also play ungodly jokes and call upon the spirits, and having put on masks, they would go wild in celebration themselves: these disgusting blasphemies the young duke (Bretislav I) would have to root out.β
A sermon from Czechia from XII century mentions that people would worship their dead relatives as deities (home deities, a belief spread widely across slavic people) andΒ βcall upon angels giving them false namesβ
Similarly,Β Al-Mas'udi mentioned that Slavs would burn the bodies of their dead and then venerate them as ancestral deities.
Other Arabic source mentions that Slavs would visit the burial site of their dead on the first anniversary of their passing and offer them 20 jugs filled with honey, and then gather around the grave to have a feast before heading back home.
Sources regarding Rus lamented that people would heat up bath houses for the dead: leave them towels and bowls of food and drink, and pour ash on the ground around the bath house to see whether the dead would leave the marks of their presence in it.
The 1551 Synod laments that people in Russia would still gather at the graves and have feasts in the name of their ancestors, and the custom remained strong for years to come, as in 1634Β Adam Olearius had a chance to observe it and describe in detail during his travels.Β
A 1497 Polish sermon mentions that people still practiced lighting small fires for the souls of their dead in the belief that the souls would gather around the fire to warm themselves.
Another text from the XV century complains that there are sinners who not only worship some foreign false gods but also organise pagan plays and games during which they summon demons; then the text laments that there are people who, during that period, refuse to sleep underneath a roof, refure to speak to other people, or only walk barefoot. Some would leave parts of their supper as offerings to demons (most likely house spirits and ancestral deities) and some would refuse to wash the dishes after supper on Good Friday so thatΒ βsouls could eat from themβ