MEDA301 - Assignment 2:Â Critical Analysis
Digital technologies have been playing an irreplaceable role in human life, with many advances in not just science or medical fields. In art, particularly media art, the use of technologies has made past ideas more approachable and opened up new possibilities and perceptions. âOut of hand: Materializing the Digitalâ exhibition at the Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences, Sydney, featuring a variety of mixed-media artists, designers and architects from around the world, showcases the impact of digital technologies in the practice of art. Among these works is âWhite Chapelâ (2014 â 2015) from the series âWhy Not Hand Over a âShelterâ to Hermit Crabs?â (2010 - 2016) by Aki Inomata who has adapted 3D printing and other digital processes into re-creating new plastic shelters with miniatures of global cities for the sea creatures.
Throughout her practice, Aki Inomata is often seen to make use of new technologies such as 3D printing and especially to collaborate with living creatures. In her video âFrench lessons with a Parakeetâ in 2010, she brought her parakeet that could speak some Japanese to her French classes. For âI Wear the Dogâs Hair, and the Dog Wears My Hairâ (2014), she made a cape out of her dogâs hair and another from her own hair; while âWhy Not Hand Over a âShelterâ to Hermit Crabs?â (2010 - 2016) series involves a number of real hermit crabs. Inomataâs process of art-making often begins with in-depth studies and observation of the living creatures in question and working towards an artistic approach and expression. On talking about her collaboration with such creatures, she said: âI see living things overlap with human beings. And I also view human beings from new perspectives to rediscover ourselves.â (2015)
Being born and raised in Tokyo, Inomata has long been influenced by its being âhighly digitalized, excessively clean, artificialâ (Inomata, 2015). Tokyo, as seen personally, is an extremely busy place which people may need an escape from. Clearly shown in her statement (2015) is the artistâs uncertainty in her own life and human existences where we create our very own culture and reality, as well as her intrigue and fascination in non-human creaturesâ reality, or âthe outer worldâ, as she calls it.
âLiving things are living in their singular reality totally different from ours. We have no idea of the process and system with "how they think". They also are out of our control.â (Inomata, 2015)
As an artist, Aki believes that her works can challenge this humanâs "choked" world, and [create] a new reality for ghost-like people strolling in a big cityâ with attempts to connect âour worldâ to âthe outer worldâ (Inomata, 2015).
The idea for âWhy Not Hand Over a âShelterâ to Hermit Crabs?â (2010-2016) series specifically came from Akiâs visit to âNo Manâs Landâ exhibition in Tokyo in 2009 where she was informed by the fact that the land of former French Embassy in Japan was exchanged peacefully between the two countries Japan and France for decades. The fact then reminded the artist of hermit crabs exchanging their shells. âIn Japanese, hermit crabs are called yadokariâ which translates to âsomebody living in a temporary dwellingâ. (Inomata, 2010-2016) As hermit crabs outgrow their shells, new and larger ones are needed. This is similar to human immigrants leaving their old shelters in search of new homes and adapting themselves to the new habitats.
In âWhite Chapelâ (2014 â 2015), the third work from the series, the hermit crab shelter is a wedding chapel. The piece is a reflection of postcolonial influence of Western cultures upon the Japanese, specifically Christian-styled wedding ceremonies in chapels.
âAt a glance it would seem like an ordinary chapel, but actually it is a religious facility with no worships just for wedding. Although only 1ďź
Japanese are Christians, 60ďź
of weddings in Japan are held in Christian style. For those weddings, a lot of Chapels are built, and come up suddenly in the middle of cities. Those chapels are built with mixtures of many styles such as Gothic, Romanesque... etc. without any fundamental relations in between.â (Inomata 2014-2015)
           Aki Inomata, White Chapel, 2014-2015, photograph
The Western architectural styles can be seen throughout the series via the imitations of buildings and cities across the world. This further supports the concept of immigration as people exchange their shelters and brings forth ideas of globalization, identity and nationality. Via âWhite Chapelâ and the series as a whole, we can see the identities of former Japanese being influenced by Western cultures and becoming new identities.
The plastic shells created by Inomata are in small sizes which hermit crabs would fit in. On top of every shell, there is a mimic of a city or building that was previously designed by the artist, which creates the illusion that hermit crabs (viewable underneath the transparent shells) are carrying on their backs cities of glass or ice, which plays a great part in the aesthetic aspect of the art work. Preparations for the works began with Aki Inomataâs studies on the hermit crabs, particularly their living habits and shells. As they grow, new shells are needed. She initially created spherical shells for the crabs but they did not like such âsheltersâ. As her early experiments failed, she moved on to use CT scanner (a medical scanning technique that can scan the insides of objects or bodies) to create 3-dimensional renders of natural hermit crab shells. The 3D scanned data can then be printed with 3D printers to make shelters, which the hermit crabs finally accepted. After more testing and coming up with the a feasible process, Aki Inomata then kept adding to the work by designing with a 3D modeling program representations of cities across the globe, for example Hong Kong, New York and Tokyo, in order to combine them with the scanned tomography of physical shells to achieve her final plans. These final designs are again 3D printed to let the hermit crabs move in.
Aki Inomata, 2014, Process of the work "Why Not Hand Over a 'Shelter' to Hermit Crabs?"
Installation of the series in exhibition âOut of hand: Materializing the Digitalâ contains mixed media such as videos, photographs and displays of the plastic hermit shells in glass boxes. The videos and photographs depict hermit crabs, having moved into their new shelters given by Aki Inomata, on a rocky beach. It is not clear whether the artist, after giving the hermit crabs their new homes, has returned them back to their natural habitat or was still documenting them as part of her work. Either way, having learned of her concept for the work, one is reminded by the videos and photographs the connection between hermit crabs and the sea, which relates to that of humans and the world.
Aki Inomata, video, 2016, Why Not Hand Over a âShelterâ to Hermit Crabs?, White Chapel
Hermit crabs of the sea are metaphor for humans around the world or specifically Tokyo city where the artist is based. The glossy miniatures of human cities on the hermit crabsâ backs represent peopleâs adaptation to new homes around the globe. The transparent shells make it easy to see how fragile and vulnerable the hermit crabs are without their shelters. Yet, such creatures must at times leave their homes when the old ones no longer fit them or when they are being forced out of homes by other hermit crabs. In these ways, as Aki Inomata noticed, hermit crabs are somewhat like humans. From personal view, it is a lonely picture of humans having to abandon their shelters when they grow up. Yet, it is a realistic image that everyone shares in their life. To leave your old home is to grow up and gain experience, thus making discoveries, achievements and acquiring knowledge. The desire to leave oneâs old shelter is also what ultimately shapes the world. People go from one place to another; if they decide they like the place, like the hermit crabs towards the new shells, and choose to stay, new identity is achieved. As hermit crabs bear on them shapes of new shells and cities, their appearances differ, compared to the old ones. The experience one gains stepping into life and growing up from it makes them a new person. Hermit crabs, as Aki has stated, are indeed similar to humans â having to alter themselves to adapt to new habitats, during such process, gaining new identities.
The work also mirrors Aki Inomataâs consistent attitude towards the state of her own life and other living creatures. It is clear in her artist statement (2015) that there is uncertainty in her own state of life. Works that contain non-human creates are the shift of focus from her own doubts in human reality and perhaps  these are her ways of escaping and adding colors to the stifling lives of hers in Tokyo and the âghost-like people strolling in [this] big cityâ, whom, one cannot help but think of as the hermit crabs out there in the wild life.
With her original inspirations from a piece of land shared between Japan and France and Western influence on Japanese identities, and their connection to hermit crabs, the final works with designs of cities are indeed well developed. The processes were clear and thorough: connecting inspirations to related representations, experimenting and testing ideas and materials, adding up new ideas and materials and finalizing the plans. It was all well planned to go from the concept of immigration to materializing it into hermit crabs with little cities on their backs. As analyzed above, Akiâs ideas were formed by linking her inspiration to something similar (in this case, hermit crabs which bear the resemblance to immigrants). The details put into every piece of plastic shell are utterly impressive, taking in view how small and beautifully designed each one is. The choice of Inomata in materials is understandable since plastic is common, cheap, flexible, easy to achieve and manipulate with 3D printers, which goes even better with small-sized printing designs like hermit shells as 3D printing is often expensive for large projects. Choosing the shells to be transparent was perhaps for the purpose of better observation of whether the hermit crabs would like the shells or not, and of the hermit crabs actually moving inside the shells. The use of CT scanner came after failed attempts of spherical shells to better re-create shelters for hermit crabs. 3D printing is understandably vital since the digital designs for the shells can be re-created exactly as planned. Personally, I would say her final works successfully deliver her ideas and concepts of immigration and globalization while at the same time containing in them pleasing aesthetic values. This fits well in the field of media art where artists form their mental ideas and sketches, develop the work by constant testing, experimenting and adding up new ideas or methods, combine the aesthetic aspects with new technologies. Mental and digital planning is then turned into physical materials without losing its value.
The series is among the exhibition âOut of Hand: Materialising the Digitalâ, which showcases a various number of works that utilize materials and technology and physicalize the digital. For example, next to the Aki Inomataâs work is âHoidâ (2012) by Hande Akcayli and Murat Kocyigit with T-shirts based on the exported three frames of a 3D-animated bird sketching its wings. In the exhibition, there is a display of the worldâs first 3D printed jet engine, created in Australia by Monash Advanced Manufacturing. As times pass, such technologies like 3D printing have gone to serve beyond the purpose of simply making replica for objects or human body parts.
â[Media artists] consider the media art field as a better place to be because it is more open, gives them greater possibilities of experimentation, and provides more scope for connecting to fields that are commonly not considered art. [âŚ] Technological developments change art practice by changing how art is made[.]â (Paul 2016, pg. 496-497)
âOut of hand: Materializing the Digitalâ exhibition explores how digital manufacture influences many aspects of human lives, such as science, design and contemporary art. The use of advanced technologies in the artistic practice means that media art is now open with more techniques, possibilities and understandings. The final results of this process (artworks), in return, bear within them the aesthetic and intellectual values, no longer being simply technological products, and escape from triviality. Via technologies and the digital media, art and the perceptions of it are limitless.
                                                      (2078 words)
¡  Akcayli, H & Kocyigit, M 2012, Hoid, installation, âOut of Hand: Materialising the Digitalâ exhibition, Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences, Sydney, Australia
¡  Inomata, A 2010, French lessons with a Parakeet, video, viewed 28th April 2017 < http://www.aki-inomata.com/works/french_lesson/>
¡  Inomata, A 2010-2016, Why Not Hand Over a âShelterâ to Hermit Crabs?, mixed media, viewed 28th April 2017 http://www.aki-inomata.com/works/hermit/
¡  Inomata, A 2014, I Wear the Dogâs Hair, and the Dog Wears My Hair, video installation, viewed 28th April 2017 < http://www.aki-inomata.com/works/dogs/>
¡  Inomata, A 2014-2015, âWhite Chapelâ, Why Not Hand Over a âShelterâ to Hermit Crabs? series, mixed media, viewed 28th April 2017 < http://www.aki-inomata.com/works/hermit_WhiteChapel/>
¡  Inomata, A 2015, Statement, viewed 28th April 2017 <http://www.aki-inomata.com/statement/>
¡  Inomata, A, 2014, Process of the work "Why Not Hand Over a 'Shelter' to Hermit Crabs?", video, viewed 28th April 2017 https://vimeo.com/76794597
¡  Inomata, A, 2016, Why Not Hand Over a âShelterâ to Hermit Crabs?, White Chapel, video, viewed 28th April 2017, <https://vimeo.com/135360160>
¡  Paul, C, 2016, A Companion to Digital Art, John Wiley & Sons Inc., UK