#what is full stack

Full Stack Development

In the software world, the terminology is often influenced by English idioms — or expressions that say one thing and mean another. To be clear, it’s very likely that a developer of any kind has never come across a legitimate ‘stack’ in any of their code. Whether that’s a stack of pancakes or a stack of laundry, these are not important elements of coding. 

That said, the stack is a relevant metaphor to describe the layers involved in software development. Integral to this idea, is that software development builds on top of itself rather than being linear. 

Since a stack by definition is a large quantity of something, it makes sense that this term would be appropriate for software development. Because in this context, a stack in its fullest form has all the ingredients for a complete software project. 

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A full stack, for example, is composed of all the components necessary for the front-end and back-end of development. Clearly, front-end and back-end are idioms too, representing different parts of the stack that need to be addressed. 

In addition to front-end and back-end development, the layers of a stack may or may not involve databases, DevOps, or features unique to mobile app development. 

There are also full stack developers. While some consider these people to be a jack of all trades, master of none, you should understand that these developers are often masters of a few technologies, and comfortable with the rest.

Full stack web development is pretty self-explanatory. It refers to the development that makes up a website. On top of the layers of full stack development mentioned above, full stack web development would also intertwine networking, hosting, and server-related constituents. 

A full stack developer will have knowledge of the various roles that enable full stack web development. This would mean having a deep knowledge of client software and server software, including of course web frameworks that will ease the software development process.

Although a team of full stack developers can work on a full stack web development project, your business can also hire a team of diversely skilled developers — both front-end and back-end developers — to complete the same project. 

Unless a specific distinction is made between a web development project and a mobile app development project, full stack development and full stack web development are interchangeable and you should reference the same comprehension. 

Full stack web development refers to the development that makes up a website.

Full Stack vs. Front-End vs. Back-End

Your understanding of full stack development should be an amalgamation of what happens on the front-end and back-end. But how does that look in action? Take a look at the comparison below to gather some ideas. 

Full Stack

You’ve likely heard enough about full stack development. At any rate, here’s once more for good measure: full stack development refers to software development that happens on the front-end and back-end of a project. 

For most software development projects, full stack development is a given. Front-end development would involve building a graphical user interface (UI).

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This happens alongside back-end development which involves writing maintainable code, or the business logic, to make sure the application runs smoothly. 

Front-End

Front-end development, as mentioned, mostly has to do with managing what people interact with and see in a software application. 

Having web pages or mobile applications that are easily navigable and efficiently interactive is integral for users to continue to utilize your software. 

Those who work on the front-end have knowledge of client software like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. 

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) are two of the core technologies for web pages. HTML determines the structure of a web page, and CSS influences the visual layout. 

JavaScript is a programming language making for dynamic web pages. The simple interactions that you take for granted like dragging and dropping or scrolling, are all the trademarks of JavaScript programming. 

Many JavaScript frameworks and libraries also exist to speed up and simplify the development process. Similarly, other technologies support HTML and CSS.

 Back-End

Back-end development handles everything that the user typically does not see. As such, back-end developers play a necessarily humble role behind the scenes. But their work guarantees the functionality of every software project. 

To be clear, whatever front-end technology is being built for users to see, back-end developers are peeking out from the curtain directing these features with their code. 

Server software would involve languages that perform well when it comes to servers and networking like Python or C++. Query languages for managing databases fall under the category of server software too. 

Read More Node.js, in particular, is a favorite among back-end developers. This is a JavaScript framework enabling back-end development, meaning developers can use JavaScript for front-end and back-end development — in other words, full stack development. 

Full Stack Development Project:

A technology stack is a means of describing the different technologies to go into a software development project. Using tech stacks to recount this information is a streamlined way of communicating how an application is being built.

LAMP Stack

The LAMP stack denotes the following components: Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP/Perl/Python. In respective order, these technologies reflect the operating system, web server, database management system, and the programming language for the application. 

MEAN Stack

MEAN stands for MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js. MongoDB is a database; Express.js a web application framework; and AngularJS is another web framework that empowers developers to code JavaScript into HTML. 

Notice that much of the stack includes JavaScript frameworks. This is a huge advantage for the software stack overall. Using JavaScript as the primary programming language of the stack makes development more convenient for JavaScript experts. 

This solutions stack also does not rely on an operating system, another advantage. Higher portability is the result. 

MERN Stack

In a similar fashion, MERN delineates MongoDB, Express.js, React.js, and Node.js. Here is yet another collection of JavaScript frameworks, driving its popularity. Utilizing React rather than Angular, however, makes it possible to develop mobile and hybrid apps. 

Skills Needed for a Full Stack Developer:

Again, full stack developers should be experts of at least a few front-end and back-end technologies, and somewhat familiar with the lot they’re not advanced in. 

The front-end technologies that full stack developers should be familiar with are front-end programming languages and the web frameworks that support them. Of course, this is in addition to HTML and CSS which are classic to front-end development. 

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On the back-end, a full stack developer should be qualified for database management. To that effect, they should have a reasonable skill set relating to back-end languages — namely, a programming language and a query language.  

To add, full stack developers must know how to work with version control systems (VCS), application programming interfaces (APIs), and servers.