#walee

“If the woman is in a country where there is no walī – أما إذا كانت المرأة في بلاد ليس فيها ولي،

No father, وليس فيها أب،

No brother, ولا أخ

And no paternal cousin – ولا ابن عم،

Then the ruler takes the place of the walī; فإن الحاكم يقوم مقامه،

Her walī is the ruler, because the Prophet ﷺ said: “The ruler is the walī of the one who does not have a walī.” وليها الحاكم لقول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: «السلطان ولي من لا ولي له»

So the ruler takes the place of her walī and becomes her walī; فالحاكم يقوم مقام وليها

He may give her in marriage or appoint someone else to give her in marriage. ويكون هو وليها، يزوجها أو يوكل من يزوجها،

If she is in a land where there is no (Muslim) ruler, Qādī (judge) or walī, فإذا كانت في بلاد ليس فيها حاكم ولا ولي،

As in the case of Muslim minorities in the lands of the Kuffār (disbelieving countries), كالأقليات الإسلامية في بلاد الكفر،

Then the director of the Islāmic Centre may give her in marriage, هذه يزوجها رئيس المركز الإسلامي،

If there is an Islāmic centre, إذا كان عندها مركز إسلامي؛

Because his position is like that of the ruler for them. لأنه بمثابة السلطان عندهم،

The director of the Islāmic Centre may look at her case and give her in marriage to one who is compatible, فرئيس المركز الإسلامي، ينظر لها ويزوجها بالكفء،

If she does not have any guardians of her own and there is no Qādī. إذا كان ليس لها أولياء، وليس هناك قاض

If the walī lives far away, وإذا كان ولي أمرها موجودًا،

He should be corresponded with to spoken to until he appoints someone as his proxy (wakīl). ولكنه بعيد يكاتب حتى يرسل وكالة،

But if it is not known where he is, then the next closest walī takes his place; أما إذا كان ما يعرف محله،

The one who is most closely related to him takes his place. فالولي الذي بعده يقوم مقامه،

If she has no walī except this absent one whose whereabouts is unknown, then the ruler takes his place.” فإذا كان لا يوجد فالسلطان يقوم مقامه.

Shaykh ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz bin ʿAbdAllāh bin Bāz, Fatāwá Nūrun ʿalá al-Darb 20/201 ابن باز، فتاوى نور على الدرب ٢٠/٢٠١ http://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-107/page-13223

“With regard to a kāfir (disbeliever), then he cannot be the walī of a Muslim in any situation, أَمَّا الْكَافِرُ فَلَا وِلَايَةَ لَهُ عَلَى مُسْلِمَةٍ بِحَالٍ،

According to ijmā‘ of Ahlul ’ilm (scholarly consensus). إِجْمَاعِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ،

From them: مِنْهُمْ؛

(Imām) Mālik, مَالِكٌ،

Ash-Shā‘fī‘, وَالشَّافِعِيُّ،

Abū 'Ubayd, وَأَبُو عُبَيْدٍ،

And as-Sahāb ar-Ra’ī (Hanafis) وَأَصْحَابُ الرَّأْيِ.

Ibn al-Mundhir said: ”There is a unanimous agreement on this from all of those whom we have acquired knowledge from Ahlul ’ilm." وَقَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: أَجْمَعَ عَلَى هَذَا كُلُّ مَنْ نَحْفَظُ عَنْهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ.

Ibn al-Qūdāmah al-Maqdisee, Al-Mughnî 7/27 المقدسي، نجم الدين، المغني ٧/٢٧ http://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-8463/page-2837

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