#underdetermination

As a psychoanalyst, Freud focused on Overdetermination. Examining it’s factors, within the realms of the unconscious, his prescribed theory was that there is no way to account for an effect, due to the presence of multiple causes. 

It extends it’s meaning to open to the notion that more than one aspect can cause a singular result. He found that, especially during dreaming, there occurred to more than one factor able to produce a singular conclusion. One reasoning being that thoughts are connected to previously established events. The proposed singular, yet multiple occurrences means “there are more causes necessary to produce the effect”.

Scott Sturgeon puts forward that, ‘'physical” means that which is the object of physical theory. “Completeness is plausible, but the further claim that the mental has a causal impact on the physical is no longer so evident” as an arguable distinction. Underdetermination results in the lack of causes for the effect.

Freud determines of Overdetermination, to be “the focus and expression of the most plural and deep psychological complexity”.  

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-sq8QF-oD4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RM3T5a3SrZw

https://peofdev.wordpress.com/tag/overdetermination/

https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-andy-warhol-jackie-four-jackies-portraits-of-mrs-jacqueline-kennedy-88982095.html

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@underdetermination

Chapter 6 

Hotlands 

  The first thing they saw in the new area was some kind of station with snow on it… Though there was lava all around… Frisk knew that it must have been Sans’ station because it was the same as the one in Snowdin. Frisk saw it in Waterfall too but Chara noticed it only here. She started to question its possibility but it didn’t bother her enough to her for even a second. Frisk had the feeling that, if they didn’t kill his brother, he would be here waiting for them. They walked towards a gigantic laboratory. The door opened in front of them and they entered the building. Chara not even watching at anything just walked past a screen that focused on them and a computer that controlled the cameras that Frisk seen in Snowdin and Waterfall. She knew that someone watched every step they took. There was a big microwave-like robot standing in the middle of the room but it didn’t do anything until they got close to it. Then it started to tell how someone called Alphys evacuated everyone while they were off killing and they won’t find them ever. Chara gave a sound of annoyance and stepped one forward. The robot’s reaction was the one that Frisk would have expected from everyone. It just said the underground needs stars not corpses and ran away. They walked past a door and some kind of stairs without showing any interest in where it could lead. As they left the laboratory on the opposite side as they came in, they saw a few strange places; a kitchen, a hallway with deactivated lasers… places that looked like pieces of some kind of puzzle.

  As they walked, they still found monsters and of course killed them… They bumped into two guards.

- I-if you are here that means Undyne… - Said one of the guards.

- We’ll avenge you Undyne! – Yelled the other.

Their voices were shaking. They were scared. Chara saw this and laughed. No matter how the guards attacked she just dodged all of their attack. Eventually the guards got tired and Chara started to convince them to take off their armours that kept them safe from the heat saying that it makes them feel so tired. One of them couldn’t stand it anymore and really did take it off. Chara’s plan was to make them suffer by the temperature but when the guard who still had his armour on confessed to the other, she changed her mind. As the two of them started to talk about going to eat a nice cream, she just killed one of them, leaving the other in great despair. The guard swore to kill them but he wasn’t strong enough… Frisk once again felt the disgust run through her.

  They reached an elevator and went to the highest level with it. Not far from the elevator there was a table with a spider donut and a croissant on it. Frisk remembered that they came across some spiders in the Ruins… Those spiders sold the same donut. Chara didn’t care about it she just walked forward like a madman. Soon they found themselves stuck in spider web. A high pitched laugh could be heard and a half humanoid, half spider creature let herself down on a spider web from the ceiling. Before she could have said anything Chara took the donut they bought in the Ruins and started to eat it. The monster watched with interest how they ate the donut.

- Are you the human who killed everyone? – She asked doubtfully. – Well you helped out the spiders in the Ruins so you can’t be that bad, right?

They just looked at her while she was in trouble, not knowing what to do. She finally made up her mind and let them go… that was a mistake… Chara stabbed her with the toy knife right after getting rid of the web around their legs. A little spider brought a flower and put in on the monsters dust. Frisk, on the verge of crying, couldn’t stop watching the flower. Chara was laughing and talking to her but she remained silent.

-Tsk… Stop sulking already… It’s much more interesting if you laugh too. – Chara’s voice was annoyed but it didn’t bother Frisk.

  They found themselves in front of a building… “MTT resort”… Chara ignored the paper on the floor and the alleyway on the right. They walked in and saw a shop with a cat-like monster in it. He called for them but they just walked past him. Frisk heard him giving a sound of annoyance but she couldn’t apologise. One more elevator… It took them right next to a door. As they entered they saw the robot from earlier. Frisk knew it will try to fight them and she knew that it won’t have any chance… The robot told them how it was made to kill humans but then got changed to be the star of the underground. It also told them that those functions can still be found in it and if they come closer it will switch to those. Chara of course didn’t even think about it just stepped forward. The air got filled with smoke and a human like robot stepped closer to them. It was killed by only one hit… It was visible how powerful they became. They both knew that no one will be able to stop them from now on…

Chapter 1

Chapter 5 

Waterfall 

  The next place, called Waterfall, was a dark and peaceful place… Or it would have been if they didn’t know everyone will die here too… And so they did… Some of them could run away before the two girls arrived. They found blue flower that Chara called echo flowers but Frisk didn’t care about her explanation. They went there to every flower and waited like it would say something… Chara always seemed a little sad when they just stood there. They found a monster that was still a child just like them. Chara didn’t try to kill him the first time they met. Frisk thought it’s only because he would be helpful later and Chara just wants to betray him too. They came across lots of things Frisk would have liked to try if she could… for example, they passed next to a statue and she wanted to give an umbrella to it… or there was a piano and she wanted to play the notes written above it… but she knew it’s not even worth to say. She felt so hopeless… They were surprised to see that the shop here wasn’t empty. An old turtle-like monster was there and it was clear that he judged them for what they did. They found three houses but only one was open. Frisk figured out that it might be the house of a ghost they met in the ruins. A strange figure, that the monster kid called Undyne, tried to kill them several times without success. Frisk felt more and more depressed as the time passed. There was a legend on the wall about an angel who will come from the surface and that the underground will become empty. Frisk thought about how they make everyone disappear and the legends really are true after all. The legend that said no one can go back from Mount Ebott and this too… Chara didn’t really care about Frisk’s thought. She listened to them and sometimes said something about them, that Frisk didn’t even notice, but she didn’t particularly care about these thoughts. It was mutual. Frisk, although she heard Chara’s thoughts that were mostly just the amusement of killing, she didn’t pay attention to them.

Once Undyne broke a bridge under them and they fell down right on a pile of flowers. They lost consciousness while falling. Frisk heard someone’s voice… she couldn’t recognise it. She woke up to feel her body panting. They were sitting on the same pile of flowers they saw when they were falling. They weren’t hurt but… Chara’s face was really upset. Frisk almost started to feel sorry for her. They stood up and started to walk giddily. A training dummy was blocking their way. It seemed to be really angry at first but then it said it could finally unite its soul with the dummy thanks to them and let them go. This didn’t stop Chara from killing the dummy. With this she made Frisk feel guilty for almost worrying about her.

They met the monster child again later. He asked if they really hurt a lot of monsters just like Undyne said. Chara just gave him a creepy smile in response. Frisk clearly heard Chara’s thought “he is in my way”. They struck down on the child, but instead of killing him, they hit Undyne. She told the kid to run away saying that she is alright but right after the little monster disappeared she started to faintly laugh. She started to tell how only one hit killed her… But she didn’t turn into dust. This seemed to surprise Chara because she almost dropped their weapon. Undyne told them how she knew that they won’t stop and she has to kill them. Frisk’s heart clenched. She was rooting for Undyne to kill them. Somehow Undyne’s appearance changed and Chara started swearing. The warrior’s first attack hit them… Frisk felt relieved despite of the unbearable pain… but…

They both woke up trying to catch their breath at the pile of flowers they fell on earlier. Frisk started to panic. She started to think about how this can be possible. Chara suddenly jumped up. She must have been really troubled. Frisk knew everything that happened was real. Undyne really did kill them. But how did they get back here then?

- Damn it! I should have saved! I will kill that fucking fish!

- Saved…? – Frisk asked quietly in her surprise.

Chara didn’t pay attention so she just continued mumbling to herself. Frisk listened carefully not to miss any important information. They went to a little yellow dot that caught her attention even back in the ruin. They passed by at least 10 of them since Frisk fell down from Mount Ebott. She got to know that Undyne made them “reset” and that the little dots are “save points”. By what Chara said she could put the pieces together and got to know that, whenever they die they will just reset the time and do everything again. As she realised what this means, that no one can ever stop them, she felt shocked. She knew they will get past Undyne even if it will take a lot of time. Chara killed the dummy again and walked the same path they did once already. They saved again right before the fight with Undyne… They tried again and again always getting closer to kill her. After countless times of resets they succeeded. Undyne’s slow death as she turned into dust while she was still alive broke Frisk’s heart. After what happened all she wanted was to die. She didn’t have big hopes as to break Chara’s control and save the monsters anymore… she just wanted to save them from herself. Undyne said the others started to evacuate so her death wasn’t pointless… Chara felt proud to finally get through the first enemy that gave her a little head ache. She went to the dust and stomped on what remained from Undyne. They left Waterfall…

Chapter 1

Chapter 4 

Snowdin 

  The place after the ruins was a snowy forest. Chara seemingly didn’t feel the cold but it makes sense if you think about it… She was just a soul that possessed Frisk, so how could she feel cold? Frisk on the other side, though it wasn’t her who controlled her own body, was chilled by the temperature. They walked on the only path they saw. While they were walking a branch on the ground behind them broke and they felt like someone is following them but they saw no one when they looked back. They reached a bridge with something on it that… they didn’t know what it was… some kind of grid maybe…? But it was so big that anyone could go through it. Suddenly they heard steps coming from behind them.

- Human. Don’t you know how to greet a new pal? Turn around and shake my hand. – Said the mysterious person. They turned around and as they grabbed his hand… “Pffffftttt” – heheh… the old whoopee cushion in the hand trick. it’s ALWAYS funny.

Frisk couldn’t help but laugh in her surprise. However the same can’t be told about Chara who looked back at the skeleton with an annoyed face. The skeleton seeing this told them how awkward they made this situation and he introduced himself.

- i’m sans. sans the skeleton.

After this he told them that he was supposed to be on watch for humans and he should capture them but he doesn’t care about it. He also told them about his brother and how he will want to capture them. After they crossed the bridge Sans told them to hide behind a lamp because his brother is coming but Chara didn’t care about it. His brother came and asked if Sans found a human but he didn’t seem to notice Frisk and Chara. After he left, Sans told the girls to act like a human. His words were like knife that stabbed Frisk right in her heart but she still didn’t say anything to Chara. Chara started to search for monsters again, when the skeletons were gone, and killed all of them. There were some that they could betray, just like they did with Toriel and whenever they did, Frisk felt an unbearable pain in her chest. Not like she wasn’t sad whenever they killed a monster… but remembering how… disgustingly Chara killed her own mother… it made Frisk feel even worse than just a normal kill. They met the skeletons again. Papyrus, Sans’ brother, made puzzles for them. Frisk thought it was kind of him to think about them so much… Since she knew he wouldn’t be able to hurt anyone just by looking at him, she knew that these puzzles are mostly just a way to play, not to actually hurt the humans. No matter how she wanted to play along she knew Chara won’t… and she was right. Chara just walked through all the puzzles without even listening to the brothers. It broke Frisk’s heart to see how sad Papyrus became when they just walked past every puzzle he made for them. Sans warned them to stop going on the way they chose because they will have a “bad time”. Once again, his words hit Frisk deep. She wanted to tell him she can’t do anything. She wanted to ask him, beg for him to help her break free. It was hopeless of course and it made everything even more painful. They reached a town called Snowdin… it was empty… Chara went into the shop and stole everything then went into the inn and just slept without having to pay anything. Frisk couldn’t sleep at all… she was too confused… she tried to think about a way to free herself. This was the only time she could think about this without Chara noticing it.  When she woke up they were about to leave Snowdin but Papyrus didn’t let them. He wanted to stop them… This was the first time Frisk talked to Chara since they killed Toriel. She asked her not to kill Papyrus. Chara just laughed at this request. Papyrus told them that he believes in them and Frisk started to weep. It felt like something broke in her. She started begging pathetically not to kill him… She started to cry out for Sans to come and save Papyrus. At this point she even asked for her own death but no matter how she asked for help, nobody came… Chara killed Papyrus leaving Frisk in deep depression.

- Don’t be a cry-baby Frisk. – Said Chara contemptuously but Frisk didn’t listen to her anymore. They left Snowdin…

Chapter 1

Chapter 3 

Murderer 

  Frisk and Chara walked in the ruins for several minutes when a froggit jumped in front of them. It didn’t seem to want to fight but it didn’t let them pass either.

- Ask the frog to jump away. I’m sure it will if you ask nicely en- - Before she could finish the sentence Chara hit the froggit and it turned into dust.

Chara just walked away while Frisk froze in surprise. When Frisk finally managed to realize what just happened she started to shout with mixed feeling. She was sad, angry, disgusted and most of all she felt guilty… After all it was her body and her hand that killed the poor creature.

- WHAT DID YOU DO?!?! – Frisks voice was so sharp that Chara had to hold her head for a second. – WHY DID YOU DO THAT?!?

Chara didn’t answer just laughed and went to a froggit that stood near to them. Frisk was screaming as Chara killed them. Knowing that she can’t do anything, Frisk started to cry and asked Chara to stop killing the monsters in the ruin but it was all useless…

They killed every monster in the ruins when they finally got reunited with Toriel. She didn’t notice the dust on their hand but Frisk secretly hoped she would and maybe she would stop them. Then Toriel took them to her house, gave them pie and showed them their room. Chara went to sleep saying that killing is way more tiring than Frisk would think. No matter how Frisk tried to make her stay awake by shouting or screaming Chara fell asleep right after she lied down. Even when Chara was sleeping Frisk couldn’t control her body so she just cried until she fell asleep. When Frisk woke up Chara was still sleeping.

Chara woke up not much after Frisk did. Frisk didn’t say anything. They went to Toriel and asked her how to leave. She started a new topic each time they asked her until she knew she couldn’t avoid it anymore. She told them to stay there and left the room. They didn’t wait, not even a second. They reached a big door and Toriel asked them to go back to their room... But they didn’t… When she saw it’s useless, she summoned fireball and with tears in her eyes asked them to show her that they are strong enough to survive. At this time Frisk realized that Chara wants to kill her too and yelled to stop. She was surprised to see that Chara didn’t attack Toriel but she knew that something is wrong. Toriel slowly started to avoid hitting them and started to cry… Frisk wanted to scream “RUN!” to her. When the monster stopped attacking and fell to her knees Chara swung the toy knife they found on their way and killed her. Frisk couldn’t look at the mother-like creatures eyes as she got killed by the child she trusted and cared for.

- Mom was always too kind-hearted… - Said Chara after Toriel turned into dust.

- M-mom..? – Asked Frisk remembering that Toriel mentioned another child like them. – Did she talk about you when she…?

- Yeah. I was her child. – Answered Chara without any emotions.

Frisk felt the anger run through her. She wanted to slap Chara in the face. Most of the time she was harmless and she didn’t like violence but now… The feelings inside her burned. It didn’t feel like herself. Even with all these intense feelings, she couldn’t give a sound. She remained silent for a really long time after this. They left the ruins…

Chapter 1