Volvariella volvacea (paddy straw mushroom) is an important edible mushroom cultivated widely in tropical and subtropical regions due to its rapid growth, nutritional value, and medicinal properties. The present study investigated spawn preparation and cultivation of V. volvacea using paddy straw as the primary substrate. Pure cultures were established under controlled laboratory conditions, followed by spawn production and indoor cultivation. Growth characteristics, fruiting behavior, yield, and biological efficiency were evaluated. The results showed that pinhead formation occurred within 15 days, and a yield of 2.05 kg per 10 kg of substrate with a biological efficiency of 20.5% was obtained. The findings indicate that appropriate substrate preparation, environmental conditions, and spawn quality are important factors associated with successful cultivation. Despite its commercial importance, production of V. volvacea remains limited by suboptimal practices. This study provides practical insights into spawn preparation and cultivation techniques that may support improved and sustainable mushroom production.
