#snyad

kun rdzob bden pa - relative truth [one of the two truths {bden pa gnyis} 1) the vaibhashikas {bye brag smra ba} gang zhig bcom pa'am blos cha shas so sor bsal ba na rang 'dzin gyi blo 'dor rung ba'i chos su dmigs pa gzung 'dzin rags pa rnams dang 2) the Sautrantikas {mdo sde pa} rtog pas btags pa tsam du grub pa'i chos spyi mtshan rnams dang, 3) the mind only school {sems tsam pa} tha snyad dpyod pa'i rig shes kyis rnyed don kun btags dang gzhan dbang gi chos, 4) madhyamika {dbu ma} rang mngon sum du rtogs pa'i mngon sum tshad mas rang nyid gnyis snang dang bcas pa'i tshul gyi rtogs par bya ba rten 'brel snang ba'i chos. conventional truth, truth for a concealer, superficial truth, deceptive truth, narratives of former births, 1 of the {gsung rab yan lag bcu gnyis} twelve divisions of the teachings), relative truth [one of the {bden pa gnyis} two truths] [IW]

klan ka - censure, blame, brawls, controversy, dispute, argument, criticism, censure, blame faults, problem, question snyad ka'am, subject of dispute [IW]

khyi nyal rgyug slong - encourage a sleeping dog to run [useless gzhan la snyad rko'i gtam] [IW]

col lo - snyad brko ba'i gtam,...Bla ma gzhan gyis drag 'dul byas pas gdon des tshur col lo dang bzhad gad sun 'byin byas nas phan pa ma byung [IW]

cha shas lnga pa - the 5th parts [of subjects 1 gza' skar, two chu tshod, three chu srang, four dbugs, five 1 breath divided into many parts cha shas tha snyad logs su med pas 5th parts, [6 its parts are the 6th] [IW]

chos nyid rtogs pa - Def. by Jamg?n Kongtr?l: {'phags pa'i ye shes kyis chos rnams kyi ngo bo cir yang ma gzigs pa la chos nyid rtogs pa'i tha snyad mdzad pa yin te} [RY]

snyad ka - 1) convention, malicious/ false accusation/ imputation/ blame, excuse/ pretext, faults, arguments, responsibility/ blame; 2) Kha 'phangs pa'i thabs shes te mere appearance of a reason rgyu mtshan ltar snang, Glo bur na khul [manner? region] byas pa de ni thag ring du 'gro 'dod med pa'i snyad ka red [IW]

snyad ka - CM: 1) skyon cha dang/ klan ka'am khag 'gan. ? dkar yul 'dri la snyad phran bu 'dug, "This cup has a slight/small blemish/fault." 2) kha 'phangs pa'i thabs sheste rgyu mtshan tlar snang. ? glo bur na khul byas pa de ni thag ring du 'gro 'dod med pa'i snyad ka red. [mss] [RY]

snyad sko gnang ba - h. to accuse. See {snyad btsugs pa} [RY]

snyad 'dogs - CM: skyon med bzhin du yod par sgro btags te skyon rjod pa, to impute, or express, faults as existing where there are none . E.g., snyad 'dogs rgyu za. skyon med la snyad 'dogs byed pa. las ka brtan po ma byas nas nis snyad ka btags yong. 2) Das (under snyad #2): snyad 'dogs = skyon brjod byed pa vyavadesha ???; skyon med par skyon btags pa to impute fault where there is none, malicious accusation or imputation; snyad byed pa (with dat.) to use a pretence or pretext. 3) MG: to blame, to accuse, to use (something) as a pretext/excuse. [mss] [RY]

snyod - relate, SA snyad pa [JV]

snyod pa - (tha dad pa 1, bsnyad pa, bsnyad pa, snyod,, tell, relate * Bsnyod pa, bsnyod pa, snyod,; 2) nourish, food and drink entering the mouth from the tip of the tongue, spoon feed; 2) * [draw out &] twist [IW]

snyod pa - {snyod pa, bsnyod pa, bsnyod pa}; to draw out and twist, to tell, to relate; {snyod pa, bsnyad pa, bsnyad pa, snyod} trans. v [RY]

snyod pa - draw out and twist, tell, relate, SA snyad pa, feed, give to eat and drink [JV]

brnyad pa - bsnyad pa [JV]

bsnyad - relate, SA snyad pa, stated, related to others, oppress [JV]

bsnyad pa - {ppafi: snyod pa, bsnyad pa, bsnyad pa, snyod} trans. v. to draw out and twist, to tell, to relate; describe; "to spin a yarn"?; told x {lo rgyus bsnyad pa} told what had happened [mss] [RY]

rtags yang dag gnyis - the two true signs [1) bsgrub bya'i chos kyi sgo nas dbye na, 1 dgag rtags yang dag dang, two sgrub rtags yang dag gnyis two Rtad sgrub tshul gyi sgo nas dbye na, 1 don sgrub kyi rtags dang, 2) tha snyad sgrub kyi rtags te gnyis, 3) Phyogs chos gtan tshigs dgu'i gras kyi rtags yang dag gnyis te, 1 mi mthun phyogs la gtan med mthun phyogs la khyab byed du 'jug pa, two mi mthun phyogs la gtan med mthun phyod la rnam gnyis su 'jug pa'o] [IW]

tha snyad - 1) metaphor, extended meaning, figure of speech; 2) designation.; 3) transactional usage, sophistry, deliberately established terminology, term, name, word; 4) conception, idea; 5) convention, superficial, designation, conditional, provisional idea or term, sophistry (6) thoughts (7) normal practice (8) appellation, supposition, condition, convention[al truth] [Gd] [tse]; 2) technical term of sciences philosophy etc, jargon, terminology, [Tsad ma'i tha snyad,...Gso rig gi tha snyad ming ngam, shes brjod 'jug gsum gyi yul,...De dang de zhes tha snyad du grags so ] [IW]

tha snyad kyi gnas tshul - conventional situation. Syn {tha snyad kyi chos nyid} as opposed to {don dam pa'i gnas tshul} [RY]

tha snyad sgrub kyi rtags - sign/reason proving the expression [tha snyad 'ba' zhig establishing true reason sgrub kyi rtags yang dag: rtags chos la mtshan mtshon gyi 'brel ba establishing reason [grub pa'i gtan tshigs], EG, the dharmin sound, is impermanent, because it is momentary, establishment be presenting defining characteristics as a reason [IW]

tha snyad lnga lngan gyi skye bo - person w the five conventional existences ['dul bar bshad pa'i mi tha snyad lnga ldan ni 1 mi yin pa dang, two smra shes pa, three don go ba, four shes pa rang bzhin du gnas pa, five ma ning sogs min pa bcas snga tshang ba zhig [IW]

tha snyad lnga ldan gyi mi - person w the five conventional attributes/existences [explained in the vinaya mi tha snyad lnga ldan: 1 mi yin pa, is a person two smra shes pa, can speak three don go ba, understands language four shes pa rang bzhin du gnas pa, has natural awareness five ma ning sogs min pa is not a eunuch/ hermaphrodite etc.]['dul bar bshad pa'i mi tha snyad lnga ldan ni [IW]

tha snyad 'jal blo - tha snyad 'jal ba'i blo [RY]

thabs mkhas sbyor ba bcu - the 10 applications of skillful means [for bodhisattvas abiding in the 3fold purity 10 wisdoms, 1 bdud bzhi las rgyal ba dang, two don dam par mi gnas shing tha snyad du gnas pa, three gzhan don sngon gyi smon lam gyi shugs kyis 'phen par byed pa, four thun mong ma yin pa, five chos thams cad la bden par rang bzhin med pa, six bden par mi dmigs pa, 7 mtshan ma med pa, 8 smon pa med pa, 9 phyin ci log bzhi las grol ba'i rtags, 10 tshad med pa bcas kyi thabs mkhas sbyor ba rnams so] [IW]

thal 'gyur ltar snang bzhi - the four kinds of merely apparent consequence [rtags ma grub pa dang, khyab pa 'gal ba dang, khyab pa ma nges pa dang, 'dod lan thebs pa ste bzhi'o.@Thal 'gyur ba, 1) thal ba'i skyon du 'gyur ba.2) Thal 'gyur tsam gyis phyir rgol gyi rgyud la bsgrub bya rtogs pa'i rjes dpag skye bar 'dod pas na thal 'gyur ba zhes brjod pa ste, slob dpon sangs rgyas bskyang dang zla ba grags pa'i rjes su 'brangs nas chos thams cad don dam par rang bzhin gyis ma grub par gtan la phab cing tha snyad 'jig rten grags pa dang mthun par stong dang rten 'byung 'gal med zung 'jug gi grub mtha' smra ba'i dbu ma pa zhig] [IW]

thal 'gyur ba - 1) have a faulty consequence; 2) prasangika [thal 'gyur tsam gyis phyir rgol gyi rgyud la bsgrub bya rtogs pa'i rjes dpag skye bar 'dod pas na thal 'gyur ba zhes brjod pa ste, following slob dpon Buddhapalita and Candrakirti sangs rgyas bskyang dang zla ba grags pa chos thams cad don dam par rang bzhin gyis ma grub par gtan la phab and tha snyad 'jig rten grags pa dang mthun par stong dang rten 'byung 'gal med zung 'jug gi grub mtha' smra ba'i dbu ma pa zhig] [IW]

thal ba gsum - Three consequences that according to NyDh flow from....: 1) 'phags pa'i mnyam bzhag ye shes dngos po 'jig rgyur thal ba; 2) tha snyad bden pa rigs pa'i dpyad bzod du thal ba; 3) don dam pa'i skye ba mi khegs par thal ba... [mss] [RY]

thugs bcad pa - sems dkrugs pa. Bab col gyi snyad snyod mang pos khong gi thugs bcad pa ma legs [IW]

mtha' bzhi - the four extremes, the four ends (of impermanence) [R] 1) four directions, ngos bzhi'am, mtha' skor; 2) mu bzhi; 3) four year old horse/ mule etc.; 4) 1 Skyes mtha' 'chi ba, two 'dus mtha' 'bral ba, three bsags mtha' 'dzad pa, four mtho mtha' lhung ba ste bzhi; 5) 1 Bden par grub pa'i rtag mtha'a, two tha snyad tsam du med pa'i chad mtha', three bden par grub pa dang tha snyad du med pa gnyis kar yod pa'i yod mtha', four bden par med pa dang tha snyad du yod pa gnyis kar med pa'i med mtha' bcas bzhi ste: yod mtha'a, med mtha', gnyis ka'i mtha', gnyis min gyi mtha' rnams bzhi] [IW]

de - 1) that [R]; 2) = ste after final DA [R], {ste}, [R] where, namely, to wit, videlicet [sbyar yul gang yang rung ba'i ming dngos su tshig zin du yod med ji ltar rung, de'i ma mthar sbyor ba'i thag ring ngos 'dzin byed kyi tshig phrad cig yin te, sum cu par, tha snyad dbang du gsum yin te, dngos po'i dbang du bzhi ru 'gyur, dus kyi dbang du gnyis yin no, zhes gsungs pa ltar ro,...1)...1, Rnam grangs gzhan zhig la sbyor rgyu yod pa'i tha snyad ston pa,...Gzhung lam de mi'i 'gro sa'ang yin pa dang, rta drel gyi 'gro sa'ang yin pa, 'khor lo'i rigs kyi 'gro sa'ang yin,...2, Ming mtha' da yig gi rjes su 'jug pa'i lhag bcas kyi sgra'i tha snyad ston pa'i phrad cig da...Shing bcad de 'bud,...3, 'Das pa'i tha snyad ston pa,...Gong du bshad pa de,...2)...1, Bden pa'i dngos po la 'jug pa,...Khyed kyis gsungs pa de de bzhin no,...2, Gsang ba'i dngos po la 'jug pa,...De 'dra ma shod,...De su red,...? De gsod dgos,...Khyod kyis de rnams gzhan la ma ston zhig ...3,Bdag gi ba'i dngo! s po la 'jug pa,...Nga'i pha yul de,...Bdag gi las don byed stangs de tsho,...4, Pha rol po'i dngos po la 'jug pa,...Khyod kyi gyon pa de dag ...Kho'i spyod pa de gras,...3)...1, Dus 'das pa la 'jug pa,...Na ning gi lo de,...2, Dus ma 'ongs pa la 'jug pa,...Sang phod kyi lo de] [IW]

gdags pa - 1) [f 'dogs pa]; 2) Ming gi tha snyad designation, imputation; imputed, labelled [IW]

gdul ba'i dngos po lnga - [bsdigs pa, smad pa, bsnyad pa, slar bsdum pa, spang ba, mi 'jigs pa] [IW]

mdo sde spyod pa'i dbu ma - Sautrantika Madhyamaka; {gzhan ngor phyi rol gyi don tha snyad tsam du khas len pa rags pa phyi'i dbu ma pa} tha snyad du phyi rol gyi don yod par 'dod pa ste legs ldan 'byed sogs so [RY]

mdo sde'i sde snod - S tra-pi aka, "collection of discourses," [one of the {sde snod gsum} (tserig) lhag pa ting nge 'dzin gyi bslab pa gtso bor ston pa, gsung rab yan lag bcu gnyis kyi nang nas mdo'i sde dang, dbyangs kyis bsnyad pa'i sde dang, tshigs su bcad pa'i sde dang, ched du brjod pa'i sde dang, lung du bstan pa'i sde dang, shin tu rgyas pa'i sde dang, rnad du byung ba'i sde bcas bsdus pa'i sde snod do,.. [IW]

brdar btags pa'i shes pa - the knowledge of verbal designation [tha snyad dpyod byed kyi rig pa] [IW]

rnam rig bcu gcig - /gzhan dbang las 'phros pa'i rnam rig bcu gcig ni/ rnam shes tsam bag chags kyi gzugs snang ba lus kyi dbang por snang ba'i rnam rig mig shes dbang por snang ba lus can gyi rnam rig yid kyi rnam shes zab po'i rnam rig yul drug tu snang ba nye bar spyad bya'i rnam rig mig shes sogs nye bar longs spyod pa'i rnam rig lo dang zla ba sogs dus su snang ba'i rnam rig gcig bcu brgya stong sogs grangs su snang ba'i rnam rig grong dang grong khyer nags tshal dang ri la sogs pa yul gyi snang ba'i rnam rig tha snyad ming tshig yi ge gsum du snang ba'i rnam rig rang gi lus ngag yid gsum la dmigs nas bdag tu snang ba'i rnam rig gzhan gyi lus ngag yid gsum la dmigs nas gzhan du snang ba'i rnam rig rnams so [RY]

rnal 'byor spyod pa'i dbu ma - Yogacharya-Madhyamika, founded by Shantarakshita; Yogachara Madhyamaka. Def. {tha snyad du shes pa tsam las ma gtogs pa phyi'i don med par khas len pa phra ba nang gi dbu ma pa} and {tha snyad du phyi don med par 'dod pa ste zhi ba 'tsho sogs so} [RY]

phyi rig - 1) outsider rig pa; 2) tha snyad rig pa [IW]

phyi rig - 1) outsider rig pa [one rig byed pa &, two grangs can pa, three bye brag pa, four spyod pa ba four root schools rig gnas kyi gzhung]; 2) tha snyad rig pa [other than nang don rig pa) [IW]

dbang po'i sdom pa - faculty vow; Mipham Rinpoche: {yid dang dbang shes kyi 'khor du byung ba'i dran pa dang shes bzhin la yid dang dbang po'i sdom pa zhes pa'i tha snyad mdzad do} Mindfulness and alertness, which occur in association with the mental faculty and the consciousnesses of the sense faculties, are given the designation 'mental vow' and 'faculty vow' [respectively]. [RY]

dbu ma thal 'gyur ba - Prasangika-m dhyamika [R] 'gyur tsam gyis phyi rgol gyi rgyud la bsgrub bya rtogs pa'i rjes dpag skye bar 'dod pa'i dbu ma pa ste, rang gi mtshan nyid kyis grub pa tha snyad tsam du yang mi bzhed pa'i ngo bo nyid med par smra ba'o] [IW]

dbu ma rigs pa'i thogs drug - the six logical works of the Madhyamika, 1) {rtsa ba shes rab}. 2) {rigs pa drug cu pa} 3) {stong nyid bdun cu pa} 4) {zhib mo rnam 'tha'} 5) {rtsod ldog}, {rtsod ma bzlog pa} 6) {tha snyad bsgrub pa}, {rin chen phreng ba} [RY]

dbu ma rigs pa'i thogs drug - the six logical works of the madhyamika; 1) {rtsa b shes rab} -}-) {rigs pa drug cu pa} -}-) {stong nyid bdun cu pa} -}-) {zhib mo rnam 'tha'} -}-) {rtsod ldog},-{rtsod ma bzlog pa} -}-) {tha snyad bsgrub pa},-{rin chen phreng ba} [IW]

dbu ma rigs pa'i thogs drug - the six logical works of the madhyamika; 1) {rtsa b shes rab} -) {rigs pa drug cu pa} -) {stong nyid bdun cu pa} -) {zhib mo rnam 'tha'} -) {rtsod ldog},-{rtsod ma bzlog pa} -) {tha snyad bsgrub pa},-{rin chen phreng ba} [IW]

dbyangs kyis bsnyad pa - proclamation in song, [Syn {dbyangs su bsnyad pa} [RY]

dbyangs kyis ba snyad pa'i sde - hymns and praises {gsung rab yan lag bcu gnyis}, 2nd of the 12 divisions of the teachings) dbus dang tha mar tshigs su bcad pa'i dbyangs kyis bsnyad pa'i mdo sde rnams te in the shravaka mdo sde'i sde snod, sutra pitaka [IW]

dbyangs bsnyad - {dbyangs su bsnyad pa} [RY]

ming gi tshogs - {shes bya'i chos phung sogs kyi ngo bo nyid brjod du med kyang mig dang rna ba zhes sogs tshogs dang lha dang mi zhes sogs gang zag gi ngo bo nyid du sgro btags nas brjod pa'i tshig bla dvags te / brdas tha snyad 'dogs pa'i gnas skabs la blo gzhol par byed pas ming zhes bya zhing / de nyid kyang yi ge du ma'am rang gi rigs 'dra du ma 'dus pas na tshogs so} group of words / names / stems. {ldan min 'du byed bcu bzhi}. group of names, as one of the fourteen non-concurrent formations [RY]

ming gi tshogs - group of words/ names/ stems; {ldan min 'du byed bcu bzhi}(one of the fourteen non-concurrent formations)(Tserig)- shes bya'i chos phung sogs kyi ngo bo nyid brjod du med kyang mig dang rna ba zhes sogs tshogs dang lha dang mi zhes sogs gang zag gi ngo bo nyid du sgro btags nas brjod pa'i tshig bla dwags te/ brdas tha snyad 'dogs pa'i gnas skabs la blo gzhol par byed pas ming zhes bya zhing/ de nyid kyang yi ge du ma'am rang gi rigs 'dra du ma 'dus pas na tshogs so/ -though the essence of knowable dharmas, the skandhas and so forth, is inexpressible, the accumulatons of eye, ear and so forth and the essence of individual beings, gods, human beings and so forth, having been superimposed on them, these are expresed in designating words. When, by the mind applying itself, these are so labelled with conventional symbols, these are called "names" in collecting many such words or similar kinds together, these are "grouped.". don gyi ngo bo tsam ston par byed p! a'i brda rnams te, ka ba dang, khang pa dang, ri dang, mi la sogs pa'o [IW]

ming don - name and meaning/designation [tha snyad dus kyi ming dang, brda dus kyi don te, gdags gzhi gang la 'dogs byed kyi ming chags pa'am grags shing grub pa'i mi ming dang, 'dogs byed kyi ming gdags par bya ba'i gzhi'o,//ming don gnyis mthun gyi dpa' po,//go gnas dang ming don mi mtsungs pa'gro bcas [IW]

rtsal bton - 1) emphasize [nan tan nam dmigs su bkar ba, Tha snyad kyi dbye ba rnams rtsal bton gyis bshad pa,...Ya rabs kyi bya ba rtsal 'don byed]; 2) bring forth 1's power/ strenth, succeed Nus shugs 'don pa,...Mi dmangs kyi bde don du rang nus gang yod rtsal 'don zhu ba [IW]

rtsal bton - CM:1) nan tan nam dmigs su bkar ba, "emphatically/precisely or specially/exclusively/especially." E.g.'s, tha snyad kyi dbye ba rnams tshal bton gyis bshad pa, "[He] especially explained/especially emphasized (tshal bton gyis bshad pa) the divisions of conventions/conventional [phenomena]." ya rabs kyi bya ba rtsal 'don byed, "[He] exclusively acted nobly." 2) nus shus 'don pa. E.g.'s, mi dmangs kyi bde don du rang nus gang yod rtsal 'don zhu ba. [mss] [RY]

tshig sgrub - sentence, tha snyad rtsom sgrig [IW]

tshig gnad sgrug pa - 1) skad cha'i shod stangs la bltas te snyad 'tshol ba,//skad cha nor ba'i tshig gnad sgrug pa; 2) skad cha'i snying po sgrug pa,//gsung bshad kyi nang don gal che rnams kyi tshig gnad sgrug pa [IW]

tshig la mi rton pa - non-reliance on words [mi rton pa bzhi'i ya gyal zhig ste 'jig rten pa'i brda dang tha snyad thun mong pa'i rig gnas la sogs pa dang, yang na chos kyi sgo ma brgyad khri bzhi stong gi bar du'ang sgra tshig dang yi ge tsam gyi rjes su 'brang ba ni don chung ngu yin pas de la rton par mi bya ba'o] [IW]

mtshon bya - the object defined, characterized, what is to be defined, defiendum, definiendum (Tserig) [btags yod chos gsum tshang ba'am tha snyad chos gsum ste shes brjod 'jug gsum gyi yul du gyur pa, eg, shes bya dang, dngos po, bum pa [IW]

za snyad - lkog rngan by desire to eat snyad look for [IW]

yi ge 'jug pa'i gnas brgyad - the 8 letter 'jug gnas [sgra, skad, ming, mtshan ma, brda, tha snyad, tshig don bcas brgyad [IW]

yid kyi sdom pa - mental vow; Mipham Rinpoche: {yid dang dbang shes kyi 'khor du byung ba'i dran pa dang shes bzhin la yid dang dbang po'i sdom pa zhes pa'i tha snyad mdzad do} Mindfulness and alertness, which occur in association with the mental faculty and the consciousnesses of the sense faculties, are given the designation 'mental vow' and 'faculty vow' [respectively]. [RY]

rang rgyud pa - 1) one who relies on autonomous inferences [svantantra] to refute true existence. 2) a Madhyamika who asserts that, conventionally, phenomena are naturally existent. 3) a dogmaticist, svantantrika. 4) [substance-grasping] as in {rnam rtog} Syn {tha mal pa} 5) see {dbu ma rang rgyud pa} 6) independently existent Syn {rang mtshan pa} 7) ordinary. (to be inherently endowed with an) autonomous (mind-stream); Svatantrika. Def. by Jamg?n Kongtr?l: {legs ldan 'byed kyi rjes 'brang tha snyad du chos thams cad skye ba med pa dang stong pa nyid la sogs pa rang lugs su khas blangs nas/ tshul gsum dngos stobs kyis grub pa'i rang rgyud kyi gtan tshigs gtso bor sgrub byed du 'god pa'i phyir rang rgyud pa zhes bya} [RY]

li shi'i gur khang - {li shi'i gur khang} [TT old and new brda'i distinguishing legs par bshad pa 15th century by skyogs ston smon grub lo tsh' ba, 'dir brda gsar rnying gi tha snyad chig stong lhag tsam yod pa tshang ma skad gsar bcad gong gi gsung rab kha gcig las bsdus] [IW]

gsung rab kyi yan lag bcu gnyis - twelve branches of the scriptures. the twelve kinds of excellent speech, twelve categories of Buddhist scripture. 1) {mdo 'i sde} general teachings. 2) {dbyangs kyis bsnyad pa'i sde} hymns and praises. 3) {lung du bstan pa'i sde} prophecies. 4) {tshigs su bcad pa'i sde} teaching in verse. 5) {ched du brjod pa'i sde} aphorisms. 6) {gleng gzhi'i sde} pragmatic narratives. 7) {rtogs pa brjod pa'i sde} biographical narratives. 8) {de sta bu byung ba'i sde} narratives of former events as examples. 9) {skyes pa'i rabs kyi sde} jantakam narratives of former births. 10) {shin tu rgyas pa'i sde} extensive teachings. 11) {rmad du byung ba'i sde} narratives of marvels. 12) {gtan la dbab pa'i sde} teachings in profound doctrines [RY]

gsung rab yan lag - dbyang kyis bsnyad, lung du bstan pa, tshigs su bcad pa, chad du brjod pa, gleng gzhi, rtogs pa brjod pa, de lta bu byung ba, skyes pa rabs, shin tu rgyas pa, rmad du byung ba, gtan la 'bab pa) [JV]

gsung rab yan lag bcu gnyis - twelve aspects of excellent speech. These are also known as the Twelve sections of Sutra and are the twelve main divisions of the Buddhist Canon: General Discourses (mdo sde); Proclamations in Song (dbyangs su bsnyad pa); Prophecies (lung du bstan pa); Poetic Pronouncements (tshigs su bcad pa); Special Aphorisms (mched du brjod pa); Declarations (gleng gzhi); Narratives (rtogs pa brjod pa); Parables (de lta bu byung ba); Succession of Former Lives (skyes pa'i rabs); Extensive Sayings (shin tu rgyas pa'i sde); Marvels (rmad du byung ba); Established Doctrines (gtan la dbab pa) [RY]