#sanitary engineering

Ellen Swallow Richards

(1842–1911) Industrial and environmental chemist

Ellen Henrietta Swallow Richards was a pioneer working in sanitary engineering. She did experimental research in domestic science, laying the foundation for the new science of home economics. She was the founder of the home economics movement characterized by the application of science to the home, and was the first to apply chemistry to the study of nutrition.

Daniel Okun and UNC-Chapel Hill’s Water Supply

On Friday, February 3, 2017, Orange Water and Sewer Authority (OWASA) customers in Carrboro and Chapel Hill, NC, experienced an extreme water shortage that left them without any usable water. Caused by a combination of an accidental fluoride overfeed and a water main break, residents could not even flush their toilets. Everything was back to normal by Sunday afternoon, and everyone is thankful for our clean, plentiful water supply.

 If you’re interested in learning more about Chapel Hill’s water supply, come to the HSL to see the Daniel Alexander Okun papers.  Okun (1917-2007) worked in 89 countries over the course of his career. He began his career in the Army as a Sanitary Engineering Officer, and later switched to the private sector, working for Malcolm Pirnie. In 1957, he moved into academia at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (though he continued to consult), where he remained until his retirement. After his retirement, Okun remained actively involved in the profession through writing, lecturing and consulting. His post-retirement work included the campaign to build Cane Creek Dam and Reservoir in Chapel Hill to ensure the most pristine water source possible for Chapel Hill and the UNC campus. 

 The collection contains correspondence, writings by and about Okun, documentation of his education, career, government testimony and other legal documents, and records of significant water projects including the Connecticut Watershed Protection; the Asheville, NC/French Broad River Basin and Woodfin; and Cane Creek, NC. Also included in the collection are about 1300 slides and small collection of photographs. Miscellaneous papers include Okun's notebooks, a collection of postcards, and papers on Allen Hazen, Ruth Hazen and Gordon Fair. The collection serves to outline Okun's Army and academic career, and details his extensive publication, travel, and work history over the course of 74 years.

(Note: The etymology of "Mamoru"(衛) is "a soldier who patrols to protect the one in the middle." Sanitary Engineering” =”衛生工学”)

Don't look lightly sanitary engineering! : Water quality purification goods welcomed by amateurs

I am an expert in sanitary engineering. Especially in the field of water, I have been doing research that does not fall behind. I also worked on various water-related technologies. Here, a blog covered some kind of water purification technology. Looking at what kind of thing it is, somehow from the lapilli, "Since the components that rejuvenate the microorganisms flow out, this will rejuvenate the microorganisms, expect water purification, and give back to the earth." That's right? ... I'm scared because this is what amateurs think. If we can purify water with such a small item, we don't need water treatment technology, and you don't need sanitary engineering. The sanitary engineering is explained as follows.

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A discipline that applies engineering principles to the prevention of environmental pollution and the conservation of the living environment with the aim of protecting and promoting public health. Since the causes that threaten people's lives and health change with the development of civilization and society, the objects of purpose-oriented sanitary engineering are also purification of air and water from urban water and sewage, noise vibration control, industrial waste control. , Final waste management, radioactive emission management, air conditioning heating and cooling of buildings, control of working environment in factories, planning of local material metabolism facilities, planning and management of air, water and soil environment, location planning, etc. .. The academic fields necessary for this are also (1) physiology, public hygiene, animal and plant ecology, flow science, meteorology, statistics, etc. to set improvement or conservation goals, and (2) civil engineering to take improvement measures. Engineering, chemical engineering, microbial engineering, fluid engineering, thermal engineering, system engineering, etc. (3) Planning mathematics, regional planning, urban planning, economics, etc. for making plans. After World War II, the Department of Sanitary Engineering was established at Hokkaido University and Kyoto University, the Department of Urban Engineering at the University of Tokyo, and the Department of Environmental Engineering at Osaka University. Other universities have related courses in the Faculty of Engineering.

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Well, when I chose sanitary engineering as my career path, I didn't really understand the content, but I was depressed at that time and was told that it was a "dirty place" dealing with "shit, pee". While I was depressed, I decided to go to a dirty place and went on to throw it away. In the above explanation, it is said that there are a wide range of applications, but at the time of my time, the main problem was water, and research was concentrated on waterworks, sewers, rivers and lakes.

Regarding sewage treatment, it is difficult to treat sewage by participating in a project (by students) to check the performance of Jun Ui's "oxidation ditch", which is an evolution of the traditional "activated sludge method".  As a premise, sewage treatment is said to be "accepting any wastewater, purifying the water quality properly, and is evaluated for the first time". The maintenance of a plant (facility) is a place where water treatment engineers play a serious role. At sewage treatment plants, activated sludge, a group of microorganisms derived from soil, actively "eats" organic matter in sewage and plays a role in water purification, but that alone is enough to purify water. Is on the way. In addition to organic substances, there are substances that require more advanced removal techniques, such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). If you try to process it, it will cost a lot.

This is the current state of sewage treatment. What can we say when we look at the goods from that perspective?

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What is XXXXX? (Author's note: Hidden words)

A microbial activator made mainly from lapilli.

XXXXX will use the microorganisms on the spot as the source, and Mr. microorganisms that have become the source will decompose the dirt.

Just place XXXXX on the flush tank of the toilet, and the flowing water will rejuvenate the Mr. microorganisms.Every time you flush the water in the toilet, the flow of water from the sewage to the river and the sea becomes beautiful.

You can give back to Mr. Earth just by putting it in your toilet!

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(From a certain blog. I have something to think about, so I'll keep it anonymous.)

It's ridiculous and not talkative. The pollutants washed away in the toilet are pee, poop, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus lumps. Is it possible to expect some water purification effect from lapilli? Also, it is unclear what kind of microorganisms the person who wrote this blog refers to and says that the water purification effect can be expected. There is a section that somehow thinks that microorganisms = water purification. The nerve that can clearly state such an amateur idea on a blog makes the earth cry.

A word of the day: In the first place, thinking about environmental issues on the premise of using a flush toilet is a . Human humiliation. In the first place, we should think about the waste of energy of diluting the solid substance "Unko :shit" and treating it with water to make the activated sludge solid again. You've never heard of a composting toilet that can compost "shit" and "pee", because this person is an amateur. (Apart from that, I don't have a grudge against this blogger, but I was inspired by so much error that I wrote this blog.)

Currently, there is no "sanitary engineering" or "sanitary course" in the Department of Urban Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo. It seems that it calls itself an "environmental science course". Somehow, it is a name that feels "beauty". I think the original "hygiene" = "protecting life" is a more direct and better name. Well, I think that the people involved in the name change should have thought that it would be better to be neat, and I think that there are many University of Tokyo students who are attracted to the "superficial" coolness. When I was there, most of the students shy away from being dirty because they deal with "shit" and "pee".

Reference HP (actual compost / toilet)

https://www9.plala.or.jp/Jussih/puusee/kpt-vessa.htm

December 3, 1842: Birth of Ellen Swallow Richards; 1907: Definition of Sanitary Engineer

December 3, 1842:  Ellen Swallow Richards was born.“Ellen Swallow Richards is perhaps best known as MIT’s first female graduate and instructor, but launching coeducation at the Institute is merely the first in a long list of her pioneering feats. The breadth and depth of her career are astounding; a 1910 tribute in La Follette’s Weekly Magazine professed that ‘when one attempts to tell of the…

December 3, 1842: Birth of Ellen Swallow Richards; 1907: Definition of Sanitary Engineer

December 3, 1842:  Ellen Swallow Richards was born.“Ellen Swallow Richards is perhaps best known as MIT’s first female graduate and instructor, but launching coeducation at the Institute is merely the first in a long list of her pioneering feats. The breadth and depth of her career are astounding; a 1910 tribute in La Follette’s Weekly Magazine professed that ‘when one attempts to tell of the…

On March 12, 1952, North Carolina native Herman Baity became chief engineer and director of sanitary engineering for the World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva, Switzerland.

Born in rural Davie County in 1895, Baity attended the University of North Carolina, where he was particularly interested in hydraulic and sanitary engineering.  He received a Rockefeller Foundation grant to study at Harvard, where, in 1928, he received the nation’s first doctorate in sanitary engineering.

Baity returned to Chapel Hill where he worked at the forefront of sanitary engineering worldwide.  In the 1930s, he served as an engineer with the State Board of Health and as state director of the Public Works Administration, which was part of the larger New Deal package of programs.  Baity’s interests broadened beyond North Carolina in the late 1930s and 1940s as he served as a consultant on national and international projects.

Working with the newly-formed WHO from 1952 until 1962, Baity traveled throughout the world promoting sanitary water treatment and management.  His diligent and impassioned work improved water quality at home and abroad.