#ruin value

En 1934, Albert Speer, como parte de los bocetos preparatorios para el Zeppelinfeld de Nurember, formuló la teoría del valor de las ruinas. En sus Memorias (1969), lo explica así:

“Las obras del Zeppelinfeld comenzaron inmediatamente (…) El hangar de los tranvías de Nuremberg tuvo que dar paso a la nueva tribuna. Pasé ante el amasijo que formaban los restos de hormigón armado del hangar tras su voladura; las barras de hierro asomaban por doquier y habían empezado a oxidarse. Era fácil imaginar su ulterior descomposición. Aquella desoladora imagen me llevó a una reflexión que expuse a Hitler bajo el título algo pretencioso de “teoría del valor como ruina” de una construcción. Su punto de partida era que las construcciones modernas no eran muy apropiadas para constituir el “puente de tradición” hacia futuras generaciones: resultaba inimaginable que unos escombros oxidados transmitieran el espíritu heroico de los monumentos del pasado. Mi “teoría” tenía por objeto resolver este dilema: el empleo de materiales especiales, así como la consideración de ciertas leyes estructurales específicas, debía permitir la construcción de edificios que, cuando llegaran a la decadencia, al cabo de cientos o miles de años (así calculábamos nosotros), pudieran asemejarse un poco a sus modelos romanos.

Para lograr este fin, pretendíamos renunciar en la medida de lo posible al hormigón armado y a la estructura de acero en todos los elementos constructivos que estuvieran expuestos a la acción de los agentes atmosféricos; los muros, incluso los de gran altura, debían seguir resistiendo la presión del viendo cuando ya no tuvieran tejados o techos que los apuntalaran. Su estructura se calculaba en función de ello.

Para ilustrar mis ideas, hice dibujar una imagen romántica del aspecto que tendría la tribuna del Zeppelinfeld después de varias generaciones de descuido: cubierta de hiedra, con los pilares derruidos y los muros rotos por aquí y allá, pero todavía claramente reconocible (…). A Hitler aquella reflexión le pareció evidente y lógica. Ordenó que, en lo sucesivo, las principales edificaciones de su Reich se construyeran de acuerdo con la “ley de las ruinas””.

La ruina como valor estético no es una aportación original de Speer y ya puede rastrearse en Ruskin, quien era partidario de no intervenir en los edificios y que éstos sucumbieran tranquilamente al paso del tiempo como testimonio de la futilidad de las cosas materiales. La mayoría de los grandilocuentes edificios proyectados por Speer y otros arquitectos alemanes, bien nunca llegaron a construirse, bien apenas sobrevivieron a la Segunda Guerra Mundial, siendo demolidos por los Aliados.

desde aquí.

More from Wikipaedia:

In his memoirs Albert Speer claimed to have invented the idea, which he referred to as the theory of Ruin Value (Gr. Ruinenwerttheorie). It was supposedly an extension of Gottfried Semper's views about using "natural" materials and the avoidance of iron girders. In reality it was a much older concept, even becoming a European-wide Romantic fascination at one point.[1] Predecessors include a 'new ruined castle' built by the Landgraf of Hesse-Kassel in the 18th century, and the designs for the Bank of England built in the 19th century produced by Sir John Soane.[1] When he presented the bank's governors with three oil sketches of the planned building one of them depicted it when it would be new, another when it would be weathered, and a third what its ruins would look like a thousand years onward.[1]

Speer's memoirs reveal Hitler's thoughts about Nazi state architecture in relation to Roman imperial architecture:

Hitler liked to say that the purpose of his building was to transmit his time and its spirit to posterity. Ultimately, all that remained to remind men of the great epochs of history was their monumental architecture, he remarked. What then remained of the emperors of the Roman Empire? What would still give evidence of them today, if not their buildings […] So, today the buildings of the Roman empire could enable Mussolini to refer to the heroic spirit of Rome when he wanted to inspire his people with the idea of a modern imperium. Our buildings must also speak to the conscience of future generations of Germans. With this argument Hitler also underscored the value of a durable kind of construction.

Hitler accordingly approved Speer's recommendation that, in order to provide a "bridge to tradition" to future generations, modern "anonymous" materials such as steel girders and ferroconcrete should be avoided in the construction of monumental party buildings, since such materials would not produce aesthetically acceptable ruins like those wherever possible. Thus the most politically significant buildings of the Reich were intended, to some extent, even after falling into ruins after thousands of years, resemble their Roman models.

Speer expressed his views on the matter in the Four Year Plan of 1937 in his contribution Stone not Iron in which he published a photograph of the Parthenon with the subscript: "The stone buildings of antiquity demonstrate in their condition today the permanence of natural building materials." Later, after saying modern buildings rarely last more than fifty years, he continues: "The ages-old stone buildings of the Egyptians and the Romans still stand today as powerful architectural proofs of the past of great nations, buildings which are often ruins only because man's lust for destruction has made them such." Hitler approved Speer's "Law of Ruin Value" (Gr. Ruinengesetz) after Speer had shown him a sketch of the Haupttribüne as an ivy-covered ruin. The drawing pleased Hitler but scandalized his entourage.[2]

Most of these planned buildings were never constructed, and even those that were, were often constructed out of cheap concrete, instead of the materials intended. Today, they mostly either lie in unromantic ruin in fields, or have been demolished.

Modern planned ruins

Ruin value (German: Ruinenwert) is the concept that a building be designed such that if it eventually collapsed, it would leave behind aesthetically pleasing ruins that would last far longer without any maintenance at all. The idea was pioneered by German architect Albert Speer while planning for the 1936 Summer Olympics and published as "The Theory of Ruin Value" (Die Ruinenwerttheorie). The intention did not stretch only to the eventual collapse of the buildings, but rather assumed such buildings were inherently better designed and more imposing during their period of use.