#row spacing

Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is the main crop among the oilseed crops of the world. Weeds are the main factors, responsible for the low production. Field research was planned and conducted during the winter season of 2016-17 at the College of Agriculture, the University of Sargodha to evaluate the impact of various row spacing on yield and its components under various weed competition durations. Maximum weed dry weight (79.1g m-2) was found at weedy condition till harvest while lowest (9.1 g m-2) in weed-free conditions till 70 DAS excluding the weed-free conditions. A higher number of branches plant-1 (7.8), no. of plants (137), 1000-seed weight (3.3 g), seed yield (1536 kg ha-1) was in narrow 15 cm row spacing over the wider row spacing. About 42.64% yield reduction was recorded in weedy conditions till harvesting over weed-free conditions up to harvesting while 9.34% yield reduction was recorded when row spacing was increased from 15 cm to 20 cm while a 10.27% yield decline observed when row spacing increased from 20 cm to 25 cm. The critical period for weed control is 38DAS. The interaction was also significant. Maximum seed yield (1965.7 kgha-1) was found at 15 cm row spacing with weed-free conditions till harvesting followed by (890 kg ha-1) at 25 cm row spacing with weedy conditions till harvesting of the crop. It is concluded that as the row spacing of the crop increases from narrower to wider, the weed dry matter increases and seed yield decreases.

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is recognized as the “Golden bean” of the 21st century. The global rising demand of soybean is owing to its inimitable composition, outstanding dietetic value and health benefits. However, soybean grain yield is extremely less than regarding its yield potential. Main factors that reduce its yield are climate unevenness, inappropriate growing time, lower germination percentage, meager quality, scarcity of seed irrigation, improper planting space and weeds. Suitable planting date of soybean is probably most conspicuous cultural practice for maximizing seed yield. Line spacing is one of the major parameter that eventually affects nutrients uptake, growth and capitulate of plant. Keeping in above the above situation present is designed to evaluate the best planting date and row spacing for improving production.