#rockfall mitigation

Geotechnical Engineering | Spar Geo Infra

Geotechnical engineering is a branch of civil engineering that deals with the engineering behaviour of Earth materials. It is the practical application of geology. It uses principles of soil and rock mechanics to investigate various geological factors and properties mainly to assess if the location and land mass are fit for construction work.

In addition to civil engineering, geotechnical engineering also has applications in military, mining, petroleum, coastal engineering, and offshore construction. The fields of geotechnical engineering and engineering geology have knowledge areas that overlap, however, while geotechnical engineering is a specialty of civil engineering, engineering geology is a specialty of geology: They share the same principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics, but differ in the application.

Geotechnical engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering and can be defined as the use of earth material (soil and rock) for improving and defending society and life. Until about the last 100 years geotechnical engineering was largely empirical and based on observation and careful reflection. Remarkable scientific advancement in this specialty within civil engineering has been achieved in the post-World War II era and continues today with the aid of high-performance computers, sensors, data visualization, and advanced soil testing.

Geotechnical engineering is a critical component of nearly all infrastructure related endeavors whether they be civilian or military. This is because everything except space structures such as satellites is founded on the earth. Furthermore, if there are issues with the foundation, then the entire structure is in trouble. Therefore, geotechnical engineers play a critical role in every constructed project.

Geotechnical engineering relies on the continuous application of engineering judgment. This judgment can be best developed by careful study of past successes and failures, and years of experience. Through continued education and mentorship, experiences are passed from one generation to the next leading to continued advancement of the profession.

Ground Anchor | Earth Anchor | Spar Geo Infra

A Ground Anchor, also known as Earth Anchor, is a structural member which transmits an applied tensile force to capable ground. The tensile force is resisted by shear strength of the surrounding ground. An ground anchor may comprise of following three main components

Tension pile Rock bolt Deadman Nowadays, a High strength steel tendons are installed at an inclination to resist the applied tensile load efficiently.

Anchor should have enough capacity required to keep the movement of the structure and the ground mass are kept to tolerable levels.

Characteristics of Anchor Tendons The tendon transmits the tensile force to the surrounding ground via the grout annulus. The tie back is usually a high strength steel member surrounded by grout. The tendon must be adequately protected against corrosion.

Jet Grouting | Spar Geo Infra

Jet grouting creates in situ columns of soilcrete (grouted soil), using a grouting monitor attached to the end of a drill stem. The jet grout monitor is advanced to the maximum treatment depth. Then high velocity jets (cement grout with optional water and air) are initiated from ports in the monitor. The jets erode and mix the in situ soil with grout as the drill stem and monitor are rotated and raised.

Depending on the application and types of soils, one of three variations is used: the single fluid system (slurry grout jet), the double fluid system (slurry grout jet surrounded by an air jet) and the triple fluid system (water jet surrounded by an air jet, with a separate grout port). The jet grouting process constructs soilcrete panels, full columns, or partial columns with designed strength and/or permeability.

The soilcrete geometry and physical properties are designed based on the in-situ soils. Because it is an erosion-based system, soil erodibility plays a major role in predicting geometry, quality, and production. Cohesionless soils are typically more erodible by jet grouting than cohesive soils.