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Geotechnical Engineering | Spar Geo Infra

Geotechnical engineering is a branch of civil engineering that deals with the engineering behaviour of Earth materials. It is the practical application of geology. It uses principles of soil and rock mechanics to investigate various geological factors and properties mainly to assess if the location and land mass are fit for construction work.

In addition to civil engineering, geotechnical engineering also has applications in military, mining, petroleum, coastal engineering, and offshore construction. The fields of geotechnical engineering and engineering geology have knowledge areas that overlap, however, while geotechnical engineering is a specialty of civil engineering, engineering geology is a specialty of geology: They share the same principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics, but differ in the application.

Geotechnical engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering and can be defined as the use of earth material (soil and rock) for improving and defending society and life. Until about the last 100 years geotechnical engineering was largely empirical and based on observation and careful reflection. Remarkable scientific advancement in this specialty within civil engineering has been achieved in the post-World War II era and continues today with the aid of high-performance computers, sensors, data visualization, and advanced soil testing.

Geotechnical engineering is a critical component of nearly all infrastructure related endeavors whether they be civilian or military. This is because everything except space structures such as satellites is founded on the earth. Furthermore, if there are issues with the foundation, then the entire structure is in trouble. Therefore, geotechnical engineers play a critical role in every constructed project.

Geotechnical engineering relies on the continuous application of engineering judgment. This judgment can be best developed by careful study of past successes and failures, and years of experience. Through continued education and mentorship, experiences are passed from one generation to the next leading to continued advancement of the profession.

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Shotcrete is a process in which mortar or concrete is conveyed through a hose and applied pneumatically. The sprayed material when applied to the surface, fills the cracks and fissures, provide resistance to loose material from slope from falling. Shotcrete serve as protective layer on the slope surface as well as provide resistance against the failure when used with anchoring support systems. This helps in achieving high strength and low permeability.

The shotcreting process is carried out form the base of slope to upwards so as to reduce rebound rate during the application of shotcrete on the surface. The stabilization scheme for stabilization of slope using shotcrete can be designed and used with or without steel mesh. Design of shotcrete depends upon the purpose of project, design life, rock/soil strata.

There are two types of Shotcrete:

1. Dry-Mix 2. Wet-Mix

Dry-Mix Shotcrete The cementing material and aggregate are mixed in proper proportions, bagged in a dry condition and are transported right to a pneumatically operated gun to deliver a continuous flow of material through the supply hose to the nozzle. The nozzle’s interior is fitted with a water ring which uniformly injects water into the mixture as it is being discharged from the nozzle over the receiving surface.

Wet-Mix Shotcrete

The cementing material, aggregate, water and admixtures are properly mixed similar to what is done for conventional concrete. The mixture of material is supplied to the delivery equipment, like a concrete pump, which pushes the mixture through the delivery hose by positive displacement or by compressed air. Supplementary air is added at the nozzle to escalate the nozzle discharge velocity.

Advantages: Little or no framework required. Cost effective method. Ideal for irregular surface application. Material handling is easier. Excellent corrosion resistance.