Today, firearms are very common threats. The same principles used against other weapons, are adapted to be used against firearms in close range as well.
It’s important to note the difference in the scenarios illustrated in training between other weapons and firearms. You rarely see anyone demonstrating techniques against firearms in any situation other than a “hold up” or hostage situation, while there are unlimited ways you can train for attacking and defending against edged or impact weapons.
This is because if someone is far out of reach, already opening fire at you, there is no physical “technique” that is going to instantly fix the situation. You have to use your awareness and get to cover. It’s important to keep this reality in mind, because it could happen to anyone at any time, and no amount of drilling or sparring is going to make you bulletproof. However if you do end up in a hostage situation, the same principals of warfare that work against all threats will still help you. These should all be blended together and should not be thought of as individual steps.
1. Get off the line of attack. (Far better if you strike while there is no line of attack; surprise them.)
2. Sectoring. (“Controlling the weapon” but this should be thought of in a more broad sense.)
3. Take the path of least resistance. (Avoid what is strong and attack what is weak. Nobody is invincible.)
4. Use all resources at all times.