#rhizaria

Kunstformen der Natur, 1904, Ernst HAECKEL

Phaeodaria lithography 1, 61

Acanthometra lithography 21

Cyrtoidea lithography 31

Acanthophracta lithography 41

Stephoidea  lithography 71

Spumellaria lithography 91

Haeckel’s original taxonomy

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Eukaryota

Chromalveolata

Rhizaria

Retaria

Radiolaria

Kunstformen der Natur, 1904, Ernst HAECKEL

Thalamphora’s taxon lithography 2, 12 ,81

Haeckel’s original taxonomy

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Eukaryota

Chromalveolata

Rhizaria

Retaria

Foraminifera 

Foraminifera

Foraminifera are single-celled protists with shells, found in all marine environments, where they may be planktic or benthic in mode of life. Although a species (Syringammina fragilissima), is known to form a structure of up to 20 cm across, most foraminifera are actually small and microscopic.

Their shells are also referred to as tests because in some forms the protoplasm covers the exterior of the shell. The shells are commonly divided into chambers which are added during growth, though the simplest forms are open tubes or hollow spheres. Depending on the species, the shell may be made of organic compounds, sand grains and other particles cemented together, or crystalline calcite.

Foraminifera have a geological range from the earliest Cambrian to the present day. So they have been utilized for biostratigraphy for many years, and they have also proven invaluable in palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, and most recently for palaeoceanographical and palaeoclimatological purposes.

References: [1] - [2]

Class: Acantharea

Acantharea is a class of radiolarian protists which are distinguished and classified by their "skeletons". These "skeletons" are composed of strontium sulfate crystals and can take the form of either ten or twenty diametric or radial spines. Their central capusle is made up of microfibrils that are arranged into twenty plates, each with a hole though a spine projects. Microfibrillar cortex's linked to the spines are also present and assist in flotation. 

Of the four subclasses of Acantharea each can be distinguished by whether their spines are radial/diametric and how they are positioned. 

Classification

Rhizaria-Radiolaria-Acantharea

Syringammina fragilissima

...is a large species of xenophyophore that was found off the coast of Scotland, near Rockall. S.fragilissima is one of the largest single-celled organism known to science with individuals growing up to 8 inches across. Like other xenophyophores S.fragilissima grows into a set of branched tubes, which secrete an 'organic cement' to collect particles that form a a hard test. As the test grows the cell will retreat and animals will colonize it.

Its currently unknown how S.fragilissima feeds or reproduces. It is also unusual in that its cell has multiple nuclei. 

Classification 

Rhizaria-Foraminifera-Xenophyophorea-Psamminida-Syringamminidae-Syringammina-S.fragilissima

Baculogypsina sphaerulata

...a species of foraminiferan protist that is distributed throughout many Pacific islands like Fiji, Guam, New Caledonia, the Caroline Islands and others. Like other rotaliids this species make up oceanic benthos, although they are also known to inhabit estuarine waters as well. To feed B.spaerulata like most foraminiferans has a thin pseudopodia that forms a net that catches food.

Phylogeny

Rhizaria-Retaria-Foraminifera-Rotalidia-Rotaliida-Rotaliacea-Calcarinidae-Baculogypsina-B. sphaerulata

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