𝙰𝚂𝙷𝙻𝙰𝚁

FROM THE LATIN

axis: AXLE, BOARD, PLANK

A square or rectangular hewn stone used for building, named because it resembled and served the same purpose as wooden beams in early architecture. Masonry constructed of these worked stones is commonly referred to as ashlar, irrespective of the type of stone: granite, limestone, ironstone, sandstone, etc.

COURSED ASHLAR

is a level horizontal range of dressed stone.

RUSTICATION

means the working of ashlar so that the joints are sunk back from the face of the stone, making a pattern or ornament stand proud.

DIAMOND-POINTED RUSTICATION

has the stones beveled out from the joints to form pyramidal shapes.

CHAMFERED RUSTICATION

Each stone is chamfered to create V-shaped joints.

In VERMICULATED RUSTICATION, the faces of the stones are worked to give the appearance of worm casts.