#qnn

A second humanitarian flotilla carrying aid to Gaza is set to depart from Barcelona today Sunday, aiming to challenge the Israeli blockade on the Gaza Strip and reach aid. Around 30 boats are expected to sail under the Global Sumud Flotilla, carrying medical and other supplies, with more vessels joining along the route. The mission follows a previous attempt in October when Israeli forces attacked a similar flotilla, detaining over 450 activists, including Greta Thunberg.

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Quantum machine learning solution QMINE Quantum neural networks (QNNs) minimise a specially developed loss function that estimates von Neumann entropy and QMI in the novel QMINE technique to address these issues. The benefits of quantum superposition and entanglement make QNNs useful tools for analysing quantum datasets. The Quantum Donsker-Varadhan Representation (QDVR) underpins QMINE. This quantum version of the Donsker-Varadhan representation can be used to calculate the von Neumann entropy estimation loss function. QDVR is effective because it simplifies computation and reduces state copies by limiting the search domain for optimal parameters to density matrices. The parameter shift rule on parameterised quantum circuits (PQCs) helps optimise and implement the QNN. Gradients in relation to circuit parameters are key to quantum optimisation, hence this rule is necessary. Main QMINE benefits: QMINE can estimate von Neumann entropy using just O(poly(r), poly(1/ε)) copies of an unknown quantum state, where r is the state's rank, potentially providing a significant quantum advantage. This is a big improvement over older quantum algorithms that needed more copies or quantum circuit knowledge. Versatile Applications: QMI's findings help quantum communication, computation, and cryptography. Quantifying shared information in quantum datasets in quantum machine learning requires it. Numeral Validation and Performance Numerical simulations support QMINE's performance and QDVR's theoretical expectations. Key discoveries include: For best convergence with minimal error, the rank of the density matrix (ρ) and parameter matrix (T) should match. Lower ranks created more error, but higher ranks slowed convergence. Circuit Depth Impact: Estimation accuracy increases with quantum circuit depth and parameter count. Ideal circuit depth allowed fast convergence with low error. Low Error Rates: Four-qubit simulations estimated QMI for random density matrices with error rates between 0.1% and 1%. Exploring Multiparty Quantum Systems Beyond bipartite systems, understanding multi-party correlations is more important. Researchers are also creating the Multiparty Quantum Mutual Information (MQMI) framework. Generalised Conditional Mutual Information (GCMI): This approach extends conditional entropy and mutual information to multiparty systems, including all subsystem correlations and interdependencies. Family of MQMI Measures: The symbol represents a family of MQMI measures that measure the overall correlations between multiple subsystems in a quantum state. These observations provide a complete understanding of quantum and classical correlations. Famous MQMI Measures: “Dual total correlation” measures sum all two- and more-party interactions once. They are either the decorrelation costs or the minimal relative entropy between the multiparty state and a product state. MQMI metrics have additivity, continuity, vanishing on product states, symmetry, and semi-positivity. They also remain constant under local unitary operations and are nondecreasing when two parties are combined or dismissed. Measures, including linear combinations of them, are hypothesised to meet secrecy monotones, which are necessary for quantum cryptography research, by assessing parties' secret correlations. Future View Despite QMINE and the expanded MQMI framework's potential, experts recognise research gaps. The “barren plateau problem” in QNN training and the need for better quantum training methods require further study. Future research will analyse the exact relationships between QNN parameters and training iterations to improve this method. The operational interpretation of other less evident metrics is also unclear. This research could improve quantum information theory and its practical applications by turning the difficult problem of estimating quantum mutual information and von Neumann entropy into a quantum neural network problem and creating a richer family of multiparty correlation measures.