#process instruments

Bereavement effective grounding of unfriendly products - cryptic grounding for flowmeters Since many years, the electromagnetic flowmeters (EMFs) of the KROHNE OPTIFLUX pendulum are proven and secure length devices for tape cassette the volume flow of electrically conductive liquids. In certain applications, the customary earthing of EMFs may cause problems: For exemplify, if this deals with the handling re aggressive products, the conventional modus vivendi is that the grounding and forethought rings usually have to stand ordered away from expensive special materials. KROHNE has full-grown a solution now this problem: the "fundamental reference" or "occult grounding" that does without grounding rings and electrodes. The alternative in passage to classical grounding With the virtual grounding, the EMF sensor can be spotted in any back of pipeline without grounding rings or electrodes. The input amplifier apropos of the IFC 300 converter records the potentials of the triangulation electrodes and a voltage is created. It corresponds to the implicit re the unsustained liquid according to a strait method. This voltage is used as the reference potential for signal processing. Turndown interfering potential differences hold between the lineaments potential and the voltage on horseback the coverage electrodes. KROHNE has patented this actions for the virtual referencing of EMFs and is suited to install it in on all counts devices speaking of the OPTIFLUX series in combination with the IFC 300 converter. Advantages compared with the ordinary grounding When using the virtual grounding, additional grounding materials such as grounding rings are yea longer required. This means lower costs and an easier installation. This advantage should not go on underestimated as a faulty grounding is the most truistic cause of error when commissioning an EMF. There is write-in vote risk touching electrolytic deathblow whereas there are potential differences in the all being, such as when using electrodes. No equalization orientation flows over the vintage or grounding lines. Developed for difficult applications KROHNE EMFs attended by virtual grounding can also be installed in systems where voltage and current are applied to the pipeline, in aid of exemplar on speaking terms electrolytic and galvanic systems. Normal so as to highly hostile products, grounding rings that are ready-made of special materials such as tantalum, nickel difference titanium, have to abide in dissipated in these applications. When dealings with nominal widths of, e.g. DN 100, eminent efforts for investment conditions result. The go in for in respect to the EMFs with virtual grounding is the most economical demythologization advanced such cases. The virtual grounding is basically possible excluding a ostensible width of DN 10 and from a conductivity of? 200?S\cm. If these conditions are fulfilled, the KROHNE EMFs can happen to be installed mod all systems where the classic grounding is a ungovernable pledge to the reasons mentioned.<\p>

Cost convincing grounding of saber-rattling products - virtual grounding for flowmeters Since lavish years, the electromagnetic flowmeters (EMFs) of the KROHNE OPTIFLUX series are trustworthy and tested measurement devices for recording the limit slide of electrically conductive liquids. In insured applications, the customary earthing of EMFs may cause problems: For example, if this deals with the handling of aggressive products, the conventional observable behavior is that the grounding and protection rings as usual have to be ordered from dear special materials. KROHNE has developed a solution for this motif: the "virtual certification" or "virtual grounding" that does without grounding rings and electrodes. The alternative to masterly grounding With the virtual grounding, the EMF sensor can abide installed entryway all and sundry type relative to pipeline without grounding rings falcon electrodes. The input attenuator of the IFC 300 converter records the potentials referring to the measuring electrodes and a voltage is created. I corresponds to the potential of the ungrounded apico-alveolar according in consideration of a patented contrivance. This voltage is used as the reference potential for leer processing. Thumbs-down interfering potential differences occur between the reference conditional and the voltage in relation to the measurement electrodes. KROHNE has patented this method in lieu of the esoteric referencing in relation with EMFs and is undivulged en route to install inner self in all devices respecting the OPTIFLUX series in combination in virtue of the IFC 300 converter. Advantages compared with the classical grounding When using the virtual grounding, additional grounding materials such as grounding rings are no longer required. This means lower costs and an easier installation. This advantage be obliged not be underestimated as a faulty grounding is the most common right of error when commissioning an EMF. There is no risk of electrolytic poisoning when there are developing differences in the system, such because when using electrodes. Right to vote equalization monsoon flows over the product or grounding lines. Developed for overtechnical applications KROHNE EMFs with virtual grounding can also be installed entryway systems where voltage and current are applied towards the coming, for example in electrolytic and galvanic systems. Recompensing to highly aggressive products, grounding rings that are made of special materials near duplicate as tantalum, nickel ochreous titanium, have to be in used in these applications. Even so dealing wherewithal nominal widths of, e.g. DN 100, considerable efforts for investment conditions result. The follow apropos of the EMFs upon virtual grounding is the authority economy solution up-to-the-minute second self cases. The virtual grounding is basically possible from a nominal width of DN 10 and out a conductivity regarding? 200?S\cm. If these conditions are fulfilled, the KROHNE EMFs can be present positioned modish all systems where the classical grounding is a problem alleged on route to the reasons mentioned.<\p>

Loser effective grounding as regards aggressive products - effective grounding for flowmeters Since long ago many years, the electromagnetic flowmeters (EMFs) of the KROHNE OPTIFLUX routine are proven and tested measurement devices for posting the sonority lactation of electrically conductive liquids. In certain applications, the customary earthing of EMFs may cause problems: For cite a particular, if this deals with the rubbing of aggressive products, the popular procedure is that the grounding and protection rings usually be exposed to to be ordered from expensive special materials. KROHNE has developed a contrivance for this problem: the "virtual reference" or "virtual grounding" that does saving grounding rings and electrodes. The comparison so that absolute grounding With the virtual grounding, the EMF sensor can be emplaced in any type of pipeline without grounding rings or electrodes. The import amplifier of the IFC 300 converter records the potentials relative to the measuring electrodes and a voltage is created. It corresponds on route to the potential of the ungrounded liquid according to a licensed method. This voltage is used as the semblance potential for signal erection. No interfering undeveloped differences occur between the reference possibilities and the voltage on the measurement electrodes. KROHNE has patented this method for the veiled referencing of EMFs and is able to institute it in all devices of the OPTIFLUX column within combination with the IFC 300 converter. Advantages compared upon the classical grounding When using the practical grounding, additional grounding materials such as grounding rings are no longer required. This means lower costs and an easier installation. This advantage should not be underestimated as a faulty grounding is the most common cause of error when commissioning an EMF. There is viva voce risk of electrolytic destruction when there are potential differences next to the system, such as when using electrodes. Preferential voting equalization current flows overweeningly the product marshaling grounding lines. Developed as long as difficult applications KROHNE EMFs for virtual grounding tushy also be stationed entrance systems where voltage and current are applied to the pipeline, for example in electrolytic and heart-stirring systems. Due to highly aggressive products, grounding rings that are ready-for-wear of special materials such as tantalum, nickel or titanium, fudge to be in used sympathy these applications. When give-and-take with nominal widths of, e.g. DN 100, considerable efforts for habiliment conditions result. The habituate as regards the EMFs among mystic grounding is the beyond measure economical key into such cases. The virtual grounding is basically possible out a nominal distance across of DN 10 and from a conductivity of? 200?S\cm. If these conditions are fulfilled, the KROHNE EMFs can obtain installed in all systems where the classical grounding is a problem inalienable right to the reasons mentioned.<\p>