#prepositional

Nom- naming things/subject (что/кто/это)

Prep- where/about (где/о чём)

Gen- possession/of, where from (откуда)

Acc- direct object, direction after verbs of motion (where to [куда])

Dat- indirect object (кому)

Instr- instrument that performs action/with (с кем)

There is a table in the back of my textbook that lists a lot of nouns that use на instead of в. There are probably more. 

That is Russian in italic, yes some letters look different.

на юге south

на севере north

на западе west 

на востоке east

на Байкале Lake Baikal

на Волге Volga River

на Неве Heva River

на Кавказе Caucas

на Урале Ural Mountains

на даче dacha

на кухне kitchen

на почте post office

на работе work

на улице street

на занятии occupation

на курсе college course

на лекции lecture

на практике practice

на репетиции rehearsal

на семинаре seminar

на собрании meeting

на факультете department (at a university)

на балете ballet

на выставке exhibit

на дискотеке discotheque

на концерте concert

aka prep aka to tell where something is.

For nouns, add the preposition в (in/at) before the noun or if the noun is an exception to the rule the preposition is на.

The ending for all changes to е.

So, in the dictionary (словарь) would become в словаре. In the kitchen (кухня) would become в кухне. In the sea (море) would become в море.

An exception to this rule comes when the noun ends in ий, ия, or ие. 

For every one of these the last letter changes to и, not е.

So, кафетерий (cafeteria) becomes в кафетерии, лаборатория (laboratory) becomes в  лаборатории, and общежитие (dorm) becomes в общежитии.

The preposition о, об, обо all refer to about.

Plurals

because, of course they have to have a different form

The ending is ах or ях, depending on whether or not the nom ending is soft.

So, банк (bank) becomes о банках, музей (museum) becomes о музеях, окно (window) becomes об окнах, and карта (map) becomes о картах.

Adjectives

masc- ом, новый becomes новом

fem- ой, новая becomes новой

neut- ом, новое becomes новом

plur- ых,, молодые becomes о молодых

Pronouns

Possessive and Demonstrative

they go in the order of masc, fem, plural

masc and neuter- этом/том

fem- этой/той

plural- об этих

my- моём/моей/о моих

informal you will also follow this model

our- нашем/нашей

formal you applies too

whose- чьём/чьей/о чьих

his- его*

hers- её*

their- их*

Personal

я- обо мне

ты- о тебе

он/оно- о нём

она- о ней

мы- о нас

вы- о вас

они- о них

Interrogative

about whom- о ком 

about what- о чём

That’s all that I know, but there’s probably more.

http://learning-german.ru

на остановке - an der Haltestelle по телевизору - im Fernsehen по памяти - aus dem Gedächtnis на митинге - auf einer Kundgebung

http://learning-german.ru