#phytotoxicity

This study evaluated the role of Bacillus subtilis in mitigating cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) stress (100 mM) in three rice cultivars (ADT 36, CO 51, and TPS 5). Twelve bacterial species were isolated from soil, with Bacillus spp. selected for their adaptability and plant growth-promoting traits. Heavy metal stress significantly reduced root and shoot growth, biomass, pigment levels, and protein and proline contents, while increasing phenol, soluble sugars, and Na⁺ accumulation. Cd caused stronger growth inhibition, whereas As had a greater impact on pigment biosynthesis. Inoculation with B. subtilis enhanced seedling vigor, improved pigment retention, restored protein and proline levels, and reduced phenol and sugar accumulation across cultivars. Ionic balance was also improved, with lower Na⁺ and higher Ca²⁺ and K⁺ compared to stress plants. Among the cultivars, CO 51 and TPS 5 showed the strongest recovery, while ADT 36 exhibited moderate tolerance. Overall, B. subtilis effectively alleviates heavy metal–induced phytotoxicity in rice by improving morphometric, biochemical, and ionic traits, demonstrating its potential for sustainable phytoremediation.

This study investigated the effects of Moringa pods (Moringa oleifera) and Katakataka leaves (Kalanchoe pinnata) extracts on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a bacterium often causing skin infections. The researchers prepared ten treatments using a 95% ethyl alcohol solution and dried plants, which were then tested for their inhibitory effects on S. aureus growth. The results showed that treatments with Moringa pods extract, both alone and combined with a medical patch, significantly inhibited S. aureus growth, with zones of inhibition measuring 2.4cm and 2.7cm respectively. Conversely, Katakataka leaves extract showed little to no inhibition and even seemed to facilitate S. aureus growth. Statistical analysis using One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test revealed significant differences between treatments, with those containing a higher percentage of Moringa pods extract proving more effective. This suggests that Moringa pods extract could be a potent natural-derived medical patch against S. aureus.

This study investigated the effects of Moringa pods (Moringa oleifera) and Katakataka leaves (Kalanchoe pinnata) extracts on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a bacterium often causing skin infections. The researchers prepared ten treatments using a 95% ethyl alcohol solution and dried plants, which were then tested for their inhibitory effects on S. aureus growth. The results showed that treatments with Moringa pods extract, both alone and combined with a medical patch, significantly inhibited S. aureus growth, with zones of inhibition measuring 2.4cm and 2.7cm respectively. Conversely, Katakataka leaves extract showed little to no inhibition and even seemed to facilitate S. aureus growth. Statistical analysis using One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test revealed significant differences between treatments, with those containing a higher percentage of Moringa pods extract proving more effective. This suggests that Moringa pods extract could be a potent natural-derived medical patch against S. aureus.