#physicochemical parameters

Our work is intended as a contribution to the analysis of the effect of barium factory discharges in the region of Ain Mimoun in the province of Khenchela, the latter has a semi-arid climate, the sampling of the groundwater was carried out on quaternary and cretaceous formations for the purpose of physicochemical analysis. The hydrochemical study revealed that the concentrations of barium and sulphate are high, particularly in the samples taken near the production unit. This means that the discharge of this barite unit has a pollution impact on the groundwater of our study area.

This study aimed to assess the spatial and seasonal variation of physicochemical parameters in the Hana River within Taï National Park in order to strengthen monitoring of its aquatic environment and support biodiversity conservation. Monthly measurements were conducted from May 2016 to April 2017 at three stations—upstream, midstream, and downstream—during three daily intervals. Using a LOVIBOND SENSO DIRECT 150 multiparameter meter, the annual mean values recorded were: temperature (26.89 ± 2.17 °C), pH (7.14 ± 0.51), dissolved oxygen (5.70 ± 1.67 mg/L), conductivity (52.28 ± 17.33 µS/cm), total dissolved solids (37.07 ± 12.46 mg/L), and redox potential (75.08 ± 41.33 mV). Nutrient concentrations measured with HANA mini-photometers included nitrites (0.011 ± 0.008 mg/L), nitrates (3.18 ± 2.27 mg/L), phosphates (0.273 ± 0.24 mg/L), total phosphorus (0.890 ± 1.39 mg/L), ammonium (2.927 ± 1.82 mg/L), total chlorine (0.088 ± 0.04 mg/L), and free chlorine (0.111 ± 0.11 mg/L). Hydromorphological parameters—velocity (0.361 ± 0.20 m/s), transparency (45.3 ± 17.62 cm), depth (2.179 ± 1.43 m), and width (19.29 ± 8.79 m)—were also recorded. Seasonal patterns showed that most parameters peaked during the dry season across all stations. Principal Component Analysis suggested that observed variations and local impairments were largely linked to agricultural and rural activities, with natural watershed processes contributing to a lesser extent. Overall, the Hana River exhibited lower physicochemical levels than typically reported in similar ecosystems, and nutrient concentrations remained within acceptable limits. However, areas influenced by rural activities displayed higher pollution indicators. These findings highlight the need to establish a standardized chemical monitoring framework to ensure long-term protection of the Hana River.

In the present research of isolation, identification and physicochemical parameters of two different marine water sample of Jamboranodai and Thondiyamkadu village from Thiruvarur district. The isolation of cyanobacteria like Arthrospira jenneri, Aphanocapsa koordersi, A. platensis, Gloeocapsa crepidium, G. gelatinosa, G. livida, G. punctata, G. samoensis, G. sanguine, Hyella caespitose, Oscillatoria acuminate, O. amoena, O. homogenea, O. laetevirens, O. minimus, O. pseudogeminata, O. schultzii, O. subbrevis, O. trichoides, Spirulina laxissima, S. meneghiniana and S. subtilissima were recorded from two different places in Thiruvarur district and identified on the basis of characters was also observed. Among the two different places, the Jamboranodai village has maximum number of colonies (119) and Thondiyamkadu village has minimum at (75) were recorded. The water physicochemical properties such as temperature, pH, organic carbon, organic matter, dissolved oxygen, BOD, COD, salinity, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, copper, iron, manganese and sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium. The maximum parameters in Thondiyamkadu village were (34˚C), (8.0pH), (0.74%), (0.82%), (288.26mg/kg), (47.61mg/kg), (318.17mg/kg), (0.89ppm), (0.70ppm), (6.75ppm), (3.43ppm), (3.1ml/L), (3.5ml/L), (1.9ml/L), (34%), (1.86ppm), (1.71ppm), (1.83ppm) and (0.97ppm) when compared to Jamboranodai village was recorded. The Shannon (H) and Simpson (D) diversity indexes were calculated respectively. Cyanobacteria are important for optimizing the growth of many plants when used as biofertilizers.

Beninese flora is endowed with effective medicinal plants used locally for hygiene and oral care but very little valued. This work therefore aims to promote these medicinal plants through the formulation of an herbal toothpaste. For this purpose, the chemical composition and anti-radical activity of extracts of four plants (Syzygium aromaticum, Zingiber officinale, Vernonia amygdalina, Thevetia peruviana) were determined. Then an antimicrobial toothpaste was formulated by incorporating bioactive extracts from the plants studied. The physico-chemical and antimicrobial properties of the toothpaste formulated were determined. The results reveal the presence of a large number of secondary metabolites and a significant quantity of phenolic compounds in the four plants studied. Syzygium aromaticum and Thevetia peruviana presented the highest contents of total phenolic compounds, respectively 1258.85 and 616.12 µg EGA/g. Plant extracts show strong anti-radical activity with IC50 ranging from 0.1 to 45 µg/µL. Only the essential oils studied showed antioxidant activity close to that of the reference compounds, i.e. 0.029 µg/µL and 0.022 µg/µL respectively for quercetin and gallic acid. The formulated toothpaste has good physicochemical characteristics and acceptable hygienic quality. The antimicrobial activity shown by the toothpaste is interesting with a minimum inhibitory concentration of the toothpaste being 0.100g/mL on most strains tested. Subject to the toxicity results, the formulated product can be recommended for good oral hygiene.

Milk is one of the most important parts of our diet since it contains all the significant supplements. Milk quality is important parameter for both milk consumers and dairy products. Present study was conducted to compare some the physicochemical properties of buffaloes milk collected from industrial and non-industrial areas of District Jamshoro Sindh. A total of 50 buffaloes milk (BM) samples were obtained from two different sites (n=25) from industrial and (n=25) from the non-industrial areas of Jamshoro. The physicochemical properties such as pH, specific gravity, acidity%, moisture content, total solids (TS), solid-not-fat (SNF), total fat (TF), lactose, total proteins (TP), casein protein and whey proteins were determined in collected milk samples as per reported methods. The conducted research showed that the BM collected from non-industrial areas of Jamshoro had higher level of pH, specific gravity, acidity%, TS, SNF, TF, lactose content, total proteins, casein proteins, whey proteins and low level of moisture content compared to BM collected from industrial areas of Jamshoro. Furthermore it was observed that non-industrial areas buffaloes had significantly higher milk yield (per/day) compared to non-industrial areas buffaloes. A significant correlation was found between the different physicochemical parameters of BM milk collected from both areas. It is concluded that buffaloes milk collected from industrial and non-industrial areas showed the great variation in physicochemical parameters, which may effect on the nutritional and health benefits of milk consumers.