#penal code

Femicide will be struck from Argentina’s penal code, according to a vow from the administration of Javier Milei, the president. It is his administration’s latest attack on women’s rights. Mariano Cúneo Libarona, the justice minister, said the government will “eliminate the figure of femicide from the Argentine penal code” adding that feminism was a “distortion of the concept of equality”. “This administration defends equality before the law enshrined in our national constitution. No life is worth more than another,” Cúneo Libarona said. Femicide – the murder by a man of a woman in the context of gender violence – was added to the penal code as an aggravating factor of homicides in 2012, and is punishable with life imprisonment. The announcement came shortly after Milei decried the concept of femicide at the World Economic Forum in Davos, and said that “equality before the law already exists in the west. Everything else is just seeking privileges.” “We’ve reached the point that in many supposedly civilised countries, if a woman is killed, it is called femicide. And this carries more serious punishment than if you kill a man simply based on the sex of the victim – legally making a woman’s life be worth more than that of a man,” he said. According to a report by the Argentina’s observatory of femicides of the ombudsman of the nation, 295 femicides were recorded between 1 January and 31 December last year.

Torture was abolished in France in 1808 in the Code d'Instruction criminelle (Clémence Zacharie). Napoleon had earlier said on the issue of torture:

“The barbarous custom of having men beaten who are suspected of having important secrets to reveal must be abolished. It has always been recognized that this way of interrogating men, by putting them to torture, produces nothing worthwhile. The poor wretches say anything that comes into their mind and what they think the interrogator wishes to hear.”

The day has finally come. The House of Representatives (DPR) has finally passed the Bill to Revise the Criminal Code (RKUHP) after decades of Indonesians living under a penal code heavily influenced by the Dutch colonial era.

The bill, in one form or another, has been deliberated on since the time of the country’s first President Soekarno. RKUHP was passed in our 77th year as a sovereign nation and under the leadership of our seventh president in Joko Widodo.

The new criminal code will come into effect within three years of its passing, i.e. before Dec. 6, 2025. That’s more than enough time to get acquainted with some of the newest provisions so we can all stay out of trouble.

Of course, unambiguous crimes like theft, murder, and corruption (more on that later) are still outlawed. Here, we’re focusing on articles in the RKUHP that are open to wide interpretation and are most controversial for their potential encroachment into our civil liberties.

Treason

Any effort to transfer part or all of Indonesia’s sovereignty to a foreign power is a crime punishable by up to 12 years in prison, life imprisonment, or the death penalty. Meanwhile, overthrowing the government is a crime punishable by up to 12 years in prison, or 15 for the instigator of the movement.

Insulting the president

The RKUHP states that insulting the president or vice president is a crime punishable by up to three years in prison. However, as we have outlined in a prior article on RKUHP, only the head of state can file a complaint against the offender, and there are exemptions put in place ostensibly to protect freedom of speech.

Insulting state symbols

Within the context of the law, “state symbols” encompass institutions like the government, parliament, police and the military, among others. Offenders may get up to 1.5 years in jail, or up to three years if one incites public unrest with their insult of state symbols. Again, only the offended party can file a complaint against the offender.

Protesting without permit

Police permit is now mandatory for protests in public. Failure to obtain one would see protesters jailed for up to six months.

Communism

Anyone spreading or teaching Marxism, Leninism, or communism in Indonesia may face up to four years in prison. The punishment may be raised to 15 years if the teachings inspire public unrest that lead to deaths.

Fake news

Anyone, including the media, who deliberately spread fake news that leads to public unrest may be jailed for up to six years and fined IDR500 million. Anyone who spreads news they suspect might be fake, which leads to public unrest, may be jailed for up to four years and fined IDR200 million. Anyone who spreads news that is not verified, which leads to public unrest, may be jailed for up to two years and fined IDR10 million.

Corruption

RKUHP actually dials down punishment for corrupt convicts. Where corruption was previously punishable by four to 20 years in prison, the jail term range under RKUHP will be two to 20 years. The minimum fine was also lowered from IDR200 million to IDR10 million.

Sex outside marriage

Adultery, or sexual intercourse not between a husband and a wife, is a crime punishable by up to one year in prison under RKUHP. Only close relatives (spouse, parents, or children), who may be negatively impacted by adultery or sex outside marriage, can report people for this crime.

Cohabitation

Cohabitation is a crime punishable by up to six months in prison under RKUHP. Again, only close relatives, who may be negatively impacted by one’s cohabitation, can report the offender for this crime.

There is concern that prohibitions on adultery and cohabitation may be used as tools to prosecute the already persecuted members of the LGBTQ+ community in Indonesia. Being a sexual or gender minority is not illegal in Indonesia, but even before RKUHP, arbitrary enforcement of other pieces of legislation that police morality, like the Anti-Pornography Law, have been used to penalize members of the community.

Contraception

People caught promoting or showing contraceptives to children may be fined IDR1 million. Healthcare, education, and family planning professionals, as well as volunteers trained in this field, are exempt from this rule.

Voodooism

Those who offer false hope through black magic and supposed supernatural powers, resulting in one’s mental and/or physical suffering, may be jailed for up to 1.5 years in prison. The punishment may be increased by a third of the original sentence if the offender practices voodooism as their main source of income.

Death penalty

Death penalty remains in RKUHP, despite calls from human rights groups to abolish capital punishment in Indonesia. However, it can only be imposed alternatively with a probationary period of 10 years, meaning the death penalty sentence may be commuted down to life imprisonment or more lenient punishments if the convict behaves well during that period.

Blasphemy

Punishments for blasphemy have been expanded in RKUHP. In general, religious blasphemy against any of the six recognized religions in Indonesia is punishable by up to three years in prison, or five years if carried out online.

Those who promote atheism or any beliefs outside of Indonesia’s recognized religions may be jailed for up to two years. Those who use violence to achieve this means may be jailed for up to four years.

In addition, anyone who disrupts a religious service or meeting held by adherents of the six recognized faiths may face up to five years in prison.

What’s next?

Like we mentioned, the new criminal code will come into effect within three years from now. That should also allow for ample time for the filing of constitutional challenges against RKUHP, as some organizations are already planning on doing.

This week’s newsletter from AthensLive is out: * A negative records week. * Judges & Prosecutors Association slam the government: “You are trying to impose a ‘truth of the state.’” * Piraeus Port dockworkers strike victory: “We have given our bodies, our health, and now we have a dead colleague.”

- are the main headlines to be found inside this highly informative weekly must-read from and about Greece. Greece broke record after record in coronavirus registered cases this week. New measures were announced to restrict the unvaccinated, and churches were left out of the rules again. Judges & Prosecutors Association released an important report slamming a promoted bill on penal code change, and it emphasized these changes could open the door for state censorship. Victory for the dockworkers strike. Most of their demands have been met. Add to these headlines and main features a lot more overview and details about a variety of aspects of Greece during the week - together with an abundance of links to further reading and to more knowledge about Greece today.

By reading the newsletter - and even better by subscribing or becoming a supporting member - you will also find a lot of links to other sources and to events and developments that you will not otherwise come across. And even if some of them are in Greek only, by using a Translator in your browser, it will be easy to read no matter how familiar you are with the Greek language.

It cannot be recommended strongly enough to read and share this week’s updates on the events and developments in Greece here:

https://us13.campaign-archive.com/?u=d4f2da07ebb5f5e4d14ad8e2d&id=eb8a2b7792

For anyone with a wish or need to follow and to gain an insight into recent events in Greece and to read and support independent and investigative journalism in English, the weekly newsletter from AthensLive should be a core element in the reading flow.

If you want the best overview of the events and developments in Greece right now, this is the place to go. Not the mainstream Greek news, but independent journalism with sharp analysis and links to interesting and important topics from a variety of sources.

Become a member and get the newsletter in your inbox every week here:

The conservative Greek government brings back the Blasphemy Laws the previous government SYRIZA had abolished less than six months ago. Violating the blasphemy laws could send those insulting God and the Greek Orthodox Church up to two years in prison.

The changes in the relevant Penal Code were announced by Justice Minister, Kostas Tsiaras, at the second reading of all Penal Code changes in the Parliament Committee on Monday.

Malicious blasphemy and the abhorrence of religions (Article 198):

Imprisonment of up to 2 years for anyone who maliciously swears at God and who publicly and maliciously swears at the Greek Orthodox Church or any religion tolerated in Greece.” “This is the way we cure everything and create the conditions for top-notch phenomena to be dealt with in a specific way in the recent past,” the justice minister said.

The Penal Code was changed by SYRIZA government five months ago. Among the new provisions was also the abolition of the Article PC 198.

Article 198 was first incorporated in the Penal Code in …1950!