Oct 25, 2017
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25/10/17
Mengungkap Parotitis: Memahami Penyakit yang Menyerang Kelenjar Ludah
Pendahuluan Bayangkan kelenjar ludah kita sebagai pabrik kecil yang bekerja tanpa henti, memproduksi cairan yang membantu kita mencerna makanan dan menjaga kesehatan mulut. Namun, ketika kelenjar ini mengalami peradangan, aktivitas sehari-hari seperti makan dan berbicara bisa menjadi tantangan. Parotitis adalah kondisi peradangan pada kelenjar parotis, salah satu kelenjar ludah terbesar yang…
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Decoding Parotid Gland Swelling: Causes, Symptoms, and Solutions Parotid gland swelling can be a concerning issue, causing discomfort and raising questions about one’s health. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll delve into the world of parotid gland swelling, shedding light on its causes, symptoms, and effective solutions. By the end of this article, you’ll have a better understanding of this condition and how to manage it. Understanding the Parotid Glands Before we explore the intricacies of parotid gland swelling, it’s crucial to grasp the basics. The parotid glands are a pair of salivary glands located on either side of your face, […]
Decoding Parotid Gland Swelling: Causes, Symptoms, and Solutions Parotid gland swelling can be a concerning issue, causing discomfort and raising questions about one's health. In this comprehensive guide, we'll delve into the world of parotid gland swelling, shedding light on its causes, symptoms, and effective solutions. By the end of this article, you'll have a better understanding of this condition and how to manage it. Understanding the Parotid Glands Before we explore the intricacies of parotid gland swelling, it's crucial to grasp the basics. The parotid glands are a pair of salivary glands located on either side of your face, just in front of the ears. They play a significant role in your oral health, producing saliva that aids in digestion and protects your teeth from decay. parotid gland swelling The parotid glands are a vital component of your body's intricate salivary system, and any issues affecting them can have noticeable repercussions. Parotid Gland Swelling Causes Parotid gland swelling can occur for various reasons, and understanding its underlying causes is the first step toward effective management. Let's explore some of the primary factors that can lead to parotid gland swelling: Infections: Bacterial or viral infections, such as mumps, can cause inflammation and swelling of the parotid glands. Obstruction: Blockages in the salivary ducts due to the formation of stones can obstruct the flow of saliva, leading to gland swelling. Tumors: Both benign and malignant tumors can affect the parotid glands, causing swelling and discomfort. Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like Sjögren's syndrome can lead to chronic inflammation of the parotid glands. Common Symptoms Recognizing the symptoms of parotid gland swelling is essential for early detection and timely intervention. Here are some common symptoms associated with this condition: Swelling: Swelling on one or both sides of the face, typically in front of the ears, is a hallmark symptom of parotid gland swelling. Pain and Discomfort: Many individuals with parotid gland swelling experience pain or discomfort, especially when eating or swallowing. Fever: In cases of infection-related swelling, fever may accompany the symptoms. Dry Mouth: Reduced saliva production due to gland obstruction can lead to dry mouth, affecting oral health. Difficulty Chewing and Talking: Swelling can make chewing and speaking challenging, impacting daily activities. Foul Taste in Mouth: Blocked salivary ducts can cause a foul taste in the mouth. Diagnosis and Medical Evaluation Diagnosing the underlying cause of parotid gland swelling involves a thorough medical evaluation. Healthcare professionals use several methods to determine the cause and extent of the swelling: Physical Examination: A healthcare provider will examine the swollen area, assess pain or tenderness, and inquire about symptoms. Imaging Tests: Imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI scans may be used to visualize the parotid glands and identify any obstructions or abnormalities. Salivary Flow Tests: These tests measure saliva production and can help diagnose conditions like Sjögren's syndrome. Biopsy: In cases where tumors are suspected, a tissue biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment Options Managing parotid gland swelling requires a tailored approach based on the underlying cause. Here are some common treatment options: Infections: If the swelling is due to a viral or bacterial infection like mumps, treatment focuses on relieving symptoms. Rest, hydration, and pain management are essential. Obstructions: For cases involving salivary duct obstructions or stones, treatments may include warm compresses, massaging the affected area, and increased fluid intake to stimulate saliva flow. In some cases, removal of stones may be necessary. Tumors: Benign tumors may be closely monitored, while malignant tumors require surgical removal, often in combination with radiation therapy. Autoimmune Diseases: For conditions like Sjögren's syndrome, treatment aims to manage symptoms and reduce inflammation. Medications may be prescribed to alleviate dry mouth and pain. Natural Remedies and Lifestyle Changes In addition to medical treatments, there are natural remedies and lifestyle changes that can help individuals manage parotid gland swelling and improve their overall oral health: Hydration: Staying well-hydrated promotes saliva production and can alleviate dry mouth associated with gland swelling. Oral Hygiene: Maintaining good oral hygiene through regular brushing, flossing, and mouthwash use can prevent oral infections and complications. Warm Compresses: Applying warm compresses to the swollen area can help reduce pain and promote blood circulation. Diet Modification: Opt for a soft diet if chewing is painful, and avoid acidic or spicy foods that may irritate the salivary glands. Stress Reduction: High-stress levels can exacerbate symptoms, so stress-reduction techniques like yoga or meditation may be beneficial. Prevention and Maintenance Preventing parotid gland swelling involves adopting a few key practices: Stay Vaccinated: Ensure you and your family are up-to-date on vaccinations, such as the MMR vaccine to prevent mumps. Oral Care: Maintain excellent oral hygiene to reduce the risk of infections that could affect the parotid glands. Hydration: Drink plenty of water to keep salivary glands functioning optimally. Regular Check-Ups: Periodic dental and medical check-ups can catch issues early and help with prevention. Seeking Professional Help While home remedies and lifestyle changes can offer relief, it's crucial to emphasize the importance of consulting healthcare professionals. Here's why seeking professional help is essential: Accurate Diagnosis: Healthcare providers can accurately diagnose the cause of parotid gland swelling through physical examinations and medical tests. Tailored Treatment: They can create a personalized treatment plan based on the specific cause, ensuring the most effective approach. Prevention of Complications: Professionals can help prevent complications, such as infections or tumor growth, through timely intervention. Monitoring: Regular check-ups and follow-ups ensure that any changes or developments are detected early. FAQs about Parotid Gland Swelling What is parotid gland swelling? Parotid gland swelling refers to the enlargement of one or both parotid glands, which are major salivary glands located in front of the ears. What causes parotid gland swelling? Parotid gland swelling can be caused by various factors, including infections (such as mumps), salivary duct obstructions, tumors, and autoimmune diseases. What are the common symptoms of parotid gland swelling? Common symptoms include facial swelling, pain, fever (in infection-related cases), dry mouth, difficulty in chewing and talking, and a foul taste in the mouth. Is parotid gland swelling a sign of cancer? Not necessarily. While parotid gland tumors can cause swelling, many cases of parotid gland swelling are due to non-cancerous causes. How is parotid gland swelling diagnosed? Diagnosis involves physical examinations, imaging tests (ultrasound, CT, MRI), salivary flow tests, and sometimes a tissue biopsy in suspected tumor cases. What are the treatment options for parotid gland swelling? Treatment depends on the underlying cause and can include rest, hydration, warm compresses, stone removal, surgical intervention for tumors, and medications for autoimmune diseases. Are there natural remedies for parotid gland swelling? Yes, natural remedies like warm compresses, increased fluid intake, and stress reduction techniques can provide relief and support treatment. Can parotid gland swelling be prevented? While some causes may not be preventable (e.g., autoimmune diseases), maintaining good oral hygiene, staying hydrated, and getting vaccinated (e.g., MMR vaccine) can help prevent certain infections. Is parotid gland swelling a common condition? Parotid gland swelling is relatively common, and its prevalence varies depending on the underlying causes and geographical factors. When should I seek medical help for parotid gland swelling? It's advisable to seek medical attention if you experience persistent or severe symptoms, as accurate diagnosis and timely treatment are crucial for effective management. Conclusion In conclusion, parotid gland swelling is a complex condition with various causes and symptoms. However, with proper understanding, timely diagnosis, and appropriate treatment, individuals can effectively manage this condition and maintain their oral and overall health.
Heerfordt's Syndrome: A New Atypical Clinical Presentation-Juniper Publishers
Abstract
Heerfordt’s syndrome is an unusual clinical manifestation (less than 5%) of sarcoidosis, characterized by parotitis, uveitis, and peripheral facial palsy, febrile syndrome is usually associated. Oral corticosteroid is the treatment of choice. We report a case of a patient in which the syndrome of Heerfordt was retained.
Keywords: Heerfordt’s syndrome, parotitis, uveitis, sarcoidosis, facial palsy.
Introduction
The sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatosis of unknown cause, characterized by its clinical polymorphism and a wide variety of its modes of presentation. The combination of fever, uveitis, parotitis and peripheral facial paralysis defines Heerfordt’s syndrome which presents an unusual manifestation of this disease. We report a case of a patient in which the syndrome of Heerfordt was found.
Case Report
A 49 year-old female followed in ophthalmology for bilateral uveitis, was referred to the ENT consultation for nasal obstruction with crusting rhinitis. General examination was unremarkableexcept a low-grade febrile state, especially there was no facial palsy. The patient has undergone a rhinocavoscopy which revealed the presence of nodular lesions in the lower horn. A biopsy of the lesions was performed which results normal. The evolution of the symptomatology was marked by the appearance of erythema nodosum on the face and the upper limbs (Figure 1).
The diagnosis of sarcoidosis was confirmed by the biopsy of the cutaneous lesions which showed non-caseatingepithelioid granulomas.
Facial CT scan highlighted a multinodular bilateral chronic parotitis (Figure 2), therefore, the diagnosis of Heerfordt’s syndrome was retained in view of these highly evocative criteria even if the symptomatology was incomplete given the absence of facial palsy. The patient was initiated on long-term steroid therapy. After a month of treatment with oral steroids, clinical symptoms have shown a clear improvement.
Discussion
Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by noncaseating granulomas involving the lungs in more than 90% of patients. Ocular, lymph-node, and cutaneous manifestations are next in frequency, but any organ system can be affected by the disease.The diagnosis requires exclusion of other etiologies, such as Sjogren's syndrome, tuberculosis, fungal and parasitic infections, Wegener's granulomatosis [1].
Otolaryngologic manifestations are identified in 10-15 % of patients, the most common being cervical adenopathy [2]. Salivary glands are less frequently involved, unilateral or bilateral swelling of the parotid gland was reported in only 6-8% of patients with sarcoidosis [3]. It can be included in Heerfordt’s syndrome (uveoparotid fever).
Heerfordt’s syndrome is a sarcoidosis syndrome characterized by mild fever, painless parotid gland enlargement, cranial nerve involvement, and anterior uveitis [2]. It is considered as one of the first central nervous system involvements to be described as a neurological presentation of sarcoidosis. The complete form occurs in approximately 0.3% of all sarcoidosis cases [4]. The etiology of this condition is still unclear and, as a result, so is the pathogenesis [1].
The incidence of cranial nerve palsy in sarcoidosis is about 5 % [5], with the facial nerve followed by the optic and the trigeminal nerves being the most common nerves involved [6]. Facial palsy forms an important defining component of Heerfordt’s syndrome. Its approximate incidence in this syndrome is 25-50%. However, its lack doesn't t eliminate the diagnosis as we have noticed in our case, in which the diagnosis of Heerfordt’s syndrome was made based on the association of other highly suggestive criteria such as uveitis and parotitis.
The combination of both uveitis with blurred vision and facial nerve palsy could be performed as sarcoidosis [7]. As it is obviously noted in the literature that eye involvement was the most consistent finding in patients presenting with Heerfordt’s syndrome, along with unilateral or bilateral facial palsy or parotid gland swelling [1]. Glucocorticosteroids remain the first- line therapy of Heerfordt’s syndrome [1].
This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing the main signs and clinical symptoms which may be quite modest to indicate the diagnosis of this syndrome.
Conclusion
Head and neck manifestations of Heerfordt’s syndrome are non-specific and a high suspicion is required to diagnose the condition early. In our case, Heerfordt’s syndrome was retained before the association of parotitis and uveitis confirmed subsequently by the histological examination. The presence of peripheral facial paralysis is not necessary to make the diagnosis and must not delay its management.
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Parotitis - What It Is, Causes, Symptoms and Treatments
Parotitis – What It Is, Causes, Symptoms and Treatments
Parotitis – What is Causes, Symptoms and Treatments You Should Know. In addition, Parotitis is a viral infection of the salivary glands, especially the parotid glands that run along the angle of the jaw in front of and below each ear.
Children between the ages of 5 and 10 are more likely to get Parotitis . Being infected once gives you lifetime immunity.
The Mumps is most common throughout the…
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Mengenal Penyebab Dan Gejala Parotitis Salah Satu Penyakit Yang Mudah Menular !! Mengenal penyebab dan gejala parotitis adalah salah satu...
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