#oop in java

 Introduction

A programming paradigm known as object-oriented programming, or OOP, use objects to represent concepts and real-world phenomena. The behaviors (methods) and attributes (data) of an object determine its functionality and state. OOP makes abstraction, modularity, and code reuse possible. Among the primary characteristics of Java's OOP are:

Class: A class is an outline or template that specifies the shared characteristics and operations of a collection of objects. To create many instances of an object with the same attributes and behaviors, use a class. For instance, a class called Car may include methods like start(), stop(), accelerate(), and others, as well as characteristics like color, model, and speed. Constructors are unique methods that set an object's initial state when it is created; they may also be found in classes.

OOP, or object-oriented programming, is a type of programming

Object: An object is a particular state and behavior of an instance of a class. An object has the ability to call its own methods, access, and edit its own properties. Additionally, an object may communicate with other objects by sending them messages or using their methods. For instance, the class Car may be used to construct an object with the name myCar and unique values for the properties color, model, speed, etc. The start(), stop(), accelerate(), and other methods specified in the class Car can also be called by the object myCar.

A class can inherit the properties and methods of another class using the technique of inheritance. The subclass, often known as the kid class, is the class that inherits, and the The superclass or parent class is the one from which an inheritance is derived. Polymorphism and code reusability are made possible by inheritance. For instance, a class called Truck can inherit from the class Car and have all of the methods and attributes of the Car class in addition to having unique properties and methods of its own. Class Car is a superclass of class Truck, while the class Truck is a subclass of class Car.

Polymorphism: The capacity of an item to assume several forms based on the situation is known as polymorphism. Dynamic binding—in which an object's type is decided at runtime as opposed to compile time—is made possible via polymorphism. Overloading and overriding methods can be used to produce polymorphism. Overloading a method is when a There are several methods in a class with the same name but distinct arguments. Redefining a method that was inherited from a superclass by a subclass is known as method overriding. For instance, the drive() method of the class Truck may require an argument called load, but the drive() method of the class Car may require no parameters at all. The drive() function of the class Car is being superseded by the class Truck. Calling myVehicle is necessary if it is specified as a Car object but is really allocated to a Truck.Drive() will call the class Truck's drive() function rather than the class Car's.

Abstraction: The technique of revealing only an object's core characteristics while concealing the implementation details is known as abstraction. Maintainability, modularity, and simplicity are made possible via abstraction. Distraction may be accomplished by utilizing interfaces and abstract classes. A class that lacks the ability to be created and may have one or more abstract methods that need to be implemented by the subclasses since they lack a body. A class can implement an interface, which is a group of abstract methods, to conform to a specific behavior. For instance, an interface called Electric may have an abstract method called charge() that is bodyless, and an abstract class named Vehicle may have an abstract method named drive() that is bodyless. It is possible for a class called Tesla to inherit from the class Vehicle, implement the Electric interface, and offer the drive() and charge() methods. A Tesla class object has access to theThe internal workings of the functions drive() and charge() are not disclosed.