#michael young

Jermaine Fowler 

February 18, 2026 (Wednesday)

You have a $75,000 degree you never used. You’re not the only one.

Approximately 52% of recent four-year college graduates are underemployed. 61% of individuals with master’s degrees are underemployed two years after graduation.

She has a degree in anthropology, four years of coursework and fieldwork and late nights in the library, $72,000 in loans, and a story she stopped telling. Graduated with honors in 2021, walked across the stage in a polyester gown, believed the promises they made about what came next.

She cleans teeth now, $24 an hour, and she is good at it. Her patients like her.

A patient asks what she studied. The pause lasts two seconds, long enough to decide. “General studies,” she says, arranging instruments on the tray. The patient nods, satisfied. She scrapes plaque from a molar. She has this conversation once a month, and the lie comes easier each time.

She applied to 180 positions, museum curator and research assistant and grant writer and cultural consultant, kept a spreadsheet, color-coded the rejections.

The rejection emails stopped feeling personal around number sixty. By one hundred she stopped reading them. By one-forty she stopped applying.

That was three years ago. She closed the laptop, the spreadsheet still open with its 180 rows and color-coded rejections and formulas calculating her odds. She hasn’t opened it since.

The degree sits in a box in her closet now, cardboard warping in the damp. She took it down last year, couldn’t stand seeing it.

Physics majors working restaurant lines. Film school graduates driving Uber. Music masters who gave up and do accounting now. Teachers at Target, screenwriters who stopped trying, people told they are overqualified and underqualified at the same time.

They all did what they were told. They all have the degrees. They all applied. They all tried.

If your degree is worthless, then who sold it to you?

In 1958 a British sociologist named Michael Young published a book called The Rise of the Meritocracy, a satire, a dystopian warning.

Young wrote it as if it were a thesis from the year 2034, looking back at how society had sorted people by merit, by test scores and credentials and achievement. In his imagined future the smart ones had risen and the rest had stayed down, and because the system looked fair, inequality had become permanent. No one could complain. After all, you had been given your shot. You just were not good enough.

The elites controlled everything and justified it by denying they controlled anything at all. Merit, not power, had chosen them.

Young set his satire in 2034. We are living it eight years early.

He meant it as warning. They read it as blueprint. By 1980 they were calling it progress.

By the 1960s American policymakers were using “meritocracy” unironically. By the 1980s it was doctrine. The joke became the ideology, the satire became the blueprint.

Now imagine yourself in that future Young warned about. You are eighteen, told to go to college or be left behind, get educated or stay poor, work hard and get qualified and the system will reward you.

So you go. You borrow. You study. You graduate. You did everything right.

And then you cannot find work, because there are more qualified people than jobs requiring qualifications. They produced too many of you.

But when you cannot find work, who gets blamed?

You do.

Should have picked STEM, should have networked better, should have been smarter.

The shame does the work force used to do.

Seventeen percent of Americans held bachelor’s degrees in 1980.

Then came 2008 and President Barack Obama’s explicit goal: by 2020, America would claim the highest proportion of college graduates worldwide. “We used to have the highest proportion of college graduates,” he said. “We now rank ninth. That’s not acceptable.”

What the policy did not mention, what Obama’s education secretary never addressed in those soaring speeches about opportunity, was that we were simultaneously offshoring white-collar jobs, automating knowledge work, consolidating industries. Fewer companies meant fewer positions. And states were cutting funding for public universities by thirty percent per student while enrollment grew.

The message was clear, more degrees, though the infrastructure made them expensive and the job market did not expand to match.

Degree attainment more than doubled, rising from seventeen percent in 1980 to thirty-eight percent today.

Did the number of jobs requiring degrees double?

No.

Did wages for college graduates double?

No. Adjusted for inflation, wages for college graduates have been flat since 2000.

Did the politicians who pushed enrollment explain what happens when supply exceeds demand?

No.

Did the universities who charged $72,000 warn their students?

No.

What did happen?

Credential inflation.

In 2014 a company called Burning Glass Technologies analyzed twenty-five million job postings. What they found was remarkable.

Sixty-seven percent of Production Supervisor postings required a college degree, though only sixteen percent of current Production Supervisors actually had one.

Sixty-five percent of Executive Secretary postings required a bachelor’s degree, though only nineteen percent of current Executive Secretaries had one.

The jobs had not changed. The requirements had.

A hiring manager opens the applicant tracking system. Two hundred seventeen applications for one Production Supervisor position, all of them qualified, all of them desperate. She adds a filter, Bachelor’s degree required, and the number drops to seventy-three. Still too many but manageable now. She doesn’t call it credential inflation. She calls it having options. The degree requirement has nothing to do with the work and everything to do with leverage. Two hundred seventeen people competing makes them grateful for $24 an hour.

When everyone has a degree, when the credential that once signaled exceptional becomes the baseline that signals nothing, employers can demand degrees for work that never needed them. The work did not become more complex. Employers demand it because they can.

Flood the market with qualified workers. Wages fall, power shifts, people accept worse conditions because they are competing against each other.

The same logic as agricultural overproduction keeping food prices low. Except it is human capital.

Nobody needed to conspire. The incentives were already aligned. Politicians wanted to say “more Americans than ever have degrees.” Universities wanted enrollment growth. Banks wanted loan customers. Employers wanted overqualified workers at entry-level wages.

Eight percent of all Americans are working jobs that do not require the degrees they paid for, and that number is rising. One point eight million Americans have been job searching for more than six months.

They did not create the oversupply by accident. They created it by policy.

They produced her perfectly, educated enough to be useful, desperate enough to comply, ashamed enough to blame herself.

She still checks LinkedIn, three times a day, four on weekends. She still believes that if she just tries harder, finds the right connection, proves herself one more time, the promise will finally work.

That belief keeps her applying. She blames herself, keeps trying, never stops.

When you flood the market with qualified workers, wages fall, requirements inflate, power shifts. The worker blames herself.

Why pay more when a hundred qualified applicants are competing for the same job?

Why not demand a bachelor’s for work a high school graduate used to do? You can.

Workers take what they can get, grateful just to be hired. They do not negotiate. They do not organize. They are too busy competing.

And when they cannot find work they blame themselves. Should have picked a better major, should have networked, should have been smarter.

They created the oversupply. The worker absorbed the shame.

This is how you build a compliant workforce without force. You convince people their desperation is their fault, tell them the system is fair, let their failure prove they were not good enough.

You make the meritocracy look real.

Maybe you read this and think anthropology, of course she cannot find work, should have picked something practical.

That voice, the one that says her failure proves her choices were bad, is what keeps this running.

Because if her failure is not her fault, then whose is it?

Who pushed college enrollment while offshoring jobs? Who charged $72,000 while cutting education funding by thirty percent? Who demands degrees for work that does not need them? Who told an entire generation the path to security required debt, then produced more degrees than jobs?

If she did not fail, then they lied.

And the system you believe in does not exist.

The receipts are public. The mechanism is documented.

Degree attainment more than doubled. Jobs did not double. Wages did not double. What doubled was the number of people convinced their inability to find work was personal failure instead of structural design.

The shame. That’s what keeps this running.

Opportunity survives as a word. It still appears in speeches and campaign ads.

Belief is what breaks, belief that working hard matters, that credentials mean something, that the system rewards merit instead of extracting it.

Michael Young tried to warn us in 1958. He wrote a satire about a society that sorted people by credentials and called it fair, a society where inequality became moral verdict, where your failure proved you deserved to fail.

The elites read his warning and adopted it as policy. And now millions of people with degrees work jobs that do not require them, convinced the problem is their choices, not the machine that produced them.

She keeps the box on the top shelf of her closet, behind the winter coats she rarely wears. Sometimes she forgets it’s there. Most days she remembers.

The degree sits inside, cardboard warping in the damp, the seal softening where moisture has worked through. Seventy-two thousand dollars to learn what a British sociologist tried to warn about seventy years ago. The system would create the appearance of fairness while engineering permanent desperation. Credentials would become traps instead of tickets. Meritocracy would be the lie that made inequality feel earned.

Tonight she will clean teeth. Tomorrow she will check LinkedIn out of habit, close it without looking.

She stopped applying three months ago.

It’s just amusing to me hehe.

Also who else has mixed feelings about the announcement of the movie? I was ecstatic about the Fake skating movie announcement but I’m a little stingy on this one since I’ll have to fight off new Wes Bennett lovers who didn’t read the book…

LS 31 | SUBMISSION

Michael Young - Faun Flora

Kins and MY, is that you? 🥹