I uploaded a few family trees long ago, however in the last few weeks I did a deep research and found some mistakes in those and also I was able to find some new sources which helped a lot to made the family trees more correct. Iâm gonna upload every sultanâs family tree separated.Â
About Osmanâs family we know quite little unfortunatelly. Most probably he had more children then listed above, but the ones dying infancy and the daughters just lost in history. About Fatma I would like to talk a little bit more. She was listed in the foundation deed of later Orhan I, which may suggest that she was a full sister of him since no other sister were mentioned. We dont know when did she die, some suggest she died after Orhan, but it is not proven yet.Â
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Pour ma part, je vois cette Ćuvre magnifique comme un fruit de la science du tassawwuf, qui est la station de lâexcellence dans la foi et le comportement (cf. le hadith dit de Jibril).
Everyone know that Osman was the founder of the House of Osman, he remembered as the first of the Ottoman sultans. No one knows when or where he was born, and for a long time not a single artefact existed that could be confidently dated to his lifetime. There are two coins (which I already mentioned in the previous post about Ertugrul) from his time, and there are some legends, some descriptions about him, but we don't know too much about him still. So we know Osman was a historical person, but who was he?
His early life
Legends say he was born around 1260 as the son of Ertugrul Bey and Halime Hatun, and was from the Kayi tribe. It seems he had at least two brothers, GĂŒndĂŒz and Savci, who were both older than him. But there are no evidences for these legends. Yes based on the coins he was the son of Ertugrul so it can be true.Â
He became the bey of his tribe after the death of his father. Some chroniclers hint that after Ertugrulâs death Osmanâs uncle, DĂŒndar became the bey, but Osman didnât want to accept, so he rebelled. Otheres says Osman ebcame the leader and it was DĂŒndar who didn't accept him. Anyhow most chroniclers agree that DĂŒndar and Osman had a fight and in the end Osman killed DĂŒndar with an arrow. The modern sources stay silent about this, because they find it not too glorious to kill your own uncle for the throne. It's hypocrite in my opinion, since fratricide and civil wars were main part of the Ottoman History. So in my opinion there was nothing wrong with this act (if Osman really did that) in such circumstances. Anyhow he became the leader of his tribe at a relatively young age.
Osman's dream
Osman at first was loyal to the Seljuks, but then he began to act independently around 1299. The reason of this act is not known. But the legends say that the whole idea of the Empire â and so his kind of rebel againsts the Seljuks â began quite literally with a dream:
"One night, the first sultan, Osman, was sleeping in the house of a holy man called Edebali when: âHe saw that a moon arose from the holy manâs breast and came to sink in his own breast. A tree then sprouted from his navel and its shade compassed the world. Beneath this shade there were mountains, and streams flowed forth from the foot of each mountain. Some people drank from these running waters, others watered gardens, while yet others caused fountains to flow. When Osman awoke he told the story to the holy man, who said âOsman, my son, congratulations, for God has given the imperial office to you and your descendants and my daughter Malhun shall be your wifeâ."Â
So after this dream Osman decided that he will creat his own Empire and will not be a servant of another state. Most probably this is just a legend, because these kind of âdreamsâ have a history with the Central-Asian origin nomad people. For example in the early Hungarian history there is also a dream like this, called âEmeseâs dreamâ. This one is basically the same and story. Emese was the wife of Chief Ăgyek, and she was impregnated by a turul bird. The turul appeared to her in a dream and told her that from her womb a great river would begin, and flow out over strange lands. According to dream interpreters, this meant that she would give birth to a son who would lead his people out of their homeland, and that her descendants would be glorious kings. Emese's son was named Ălmos, whose name derives from the Hungarian word "ĂĄlom", meaning dream, thus "Ălmos" can be interpreted as "the Dreamt One". And it happened like that, because Ălmos became the founder of House ĂrpĂĄd. Interesting fact is that the name Emese had a tĂŒrk origin, originates from the Old Turkic eme, ana or ene, which mean mother.Â
So we clearly can see, that these kind of drem-stories can be found in any Central-Asian origin nation's legends and they aremostly have the same meaning.
Osman's life after his dream
Most probably it didn't happened like, Osman had this dream â or not â and he started to build an Empire... Most probably he never even dreamt of such a huge Empire, what later happened to the Ottomans. Most probably he just wanted to make his own beylik, with his own cities.
His first indisputable evidence comes from a Byzantine chronicler, who tells the story of a battle at Bapheus, quite near Nicomedia (Izmit), in July 1302, in which Osman and a force of nomad archers defeated a Byzantine force accompanied by Alan auxiliaries. It is possible that badweather upstream and a rare flood of the Sakarya river downstream made it attractive to Osman and other tĂŒrk beys to seek to recoup damage to their herds in the lowlands. At this time Osman was no more powerful than a number of other minor beys.
Within a very short time, tĂŒrk raiders had reached the Sea of Marmara. A contemporary Byzantine chronicler describes how news of Osmanâs victories spread and attracted TĂŒrks from other areas of western Anatolia to join his following, and how his force was strong enough to defeat a Byzantine army near Nikomedia (Izmit). From their base in the Sakarya valley, where Osman had occupied the old Byzantine fortified places, his men plundered the countryside to the west, forcing the inhabitants into the walled towns. These remained secure, since Osman obviously lacked the military skills to undertake formal sieges: his assault on Nikaia failed. He did take several other fortresses and fortified towns in the Sakarya valley, using them to store his plunder. In a similar manner he destroyed the countryside around Bursa, but also failed to take that city.
His personal life and family
Osman had at least two wives. One was Edebali's daughter for sure, as his dream also suggest. She was named Rabia Bala, or simply Bala but sometimes called Malhun as well. She was the mother of Alaeddin Bey and maybe had other children also. It seems she may had problems with the nomadic lifestyle or her relationship with Osman went wrong, because she spent the last years of her life with her father. She died in Bilecik in 1324 and was buried next to her fatherâs tomb.
Osman's other wife was Mal Hatun, who possibly was the daughter of the ruler of the Umuri or Amouri principality. According to a Byzantine historian âa son of Umur fought with Osman in one of his first raids against local Byzantine lordsâ, which may explain the marriage between Osman and Mal Hatun as a political alliance. Mal Hatun was the mother of Osmanâs successor Orhan, and she actually outlived her husband as she was buried in the family tomb around Osmanâs grave in Bursa. It is not known when she died.
In the first sentence I said at least two wifes... Well yes "a historical tradition regarding the acquisition of one of Osmanâs wives calls to mind the Turkish nomadic practice of acquiring women through raids on neighboring tribes. As the story goes, one day on his way to Eskisehir. Osman caught sight of a woman in the village of ltburnu, fell in love with her, and, without telling his father, sent someone to ask for her in marriage. She refused on the grounds that she was not worthy of him, although this may have been an excuse, since there were rumors that Osman intended only a brief dalliance with her. Osman was spurred to kidnap the woman when an erstwhile ally of his, listening to his description of her manifold virtues, decided to take her for himself. Although the sources confuse this woman with Mal Khatun and Edebaliâs daughter, she was clearly a person of lesser status. The details of the story indicate that the kidnapping occurred when Osman was quite young and before he had gained more than a local reputation. Women of standing themselves, selves, Edebaliâs daughter and Mal Khatun probably married a more mature and powerful Osman."
Osman had at least eight sons and one daughter.Â
Osman's eldest son - whose name is unfortunatelly unknown - was given to the Selcuk Sultan Gıyasuddin III Keyhusrev to be raised in his household when Ertugrul stipulated a peace treaty with him. He had descendants who were alive at the time in which Bayezid I conquered Malatya. The fact that this son of Osman was sent to the Seljuk Sultan during Ertugrulâs life, suggest that he maybe was born to the women, who Osman captured.Â
His second son most probably was Orhan, who was born around 1281 and became the second ruler of the Ottoman dynasty. During Orhan's reign the little principality began to acquire a more settled aspect. Osmanâs territory had contained no large towns. But in 1326, however, the city of Bursa succumbed to starvation and became, from this date, the first capital of the Ottomans. In the next year, following an earthquake which damaged its fortifications, Orhanâs men occupied the Byzantine town of Lopadion (Ulubat), towards the Dardanelles. Moreover Orhan was the first one who established an Ottoman bridgehead in Europe. He achieved this by exploiting a civil war in Byzantium between the rival Emperors John [VI] Kantakuzenos and John [V] Palajologos. Kantakuzenos sought allies among the Turkish rulers of western Anatolia and, in 1346 formed a pact with Orhan by marrying him to his daughter Theodora. The strategy was successful and, in 1347, Kantakuzenos entered Constantinople and proclaimed himself Emperor, with the other John as his co-regent. So beside his great victories Orhan was the first to use marriage as a tool to get himself supporters. His successors used to do this until Mehmed II, who changed the tradition and stopped the sultans from marrying noble women.
His third son was Alaeddin Ali Bey, who was born around 1290 and later he was made governor of Bilecik. He had a son Kiliç Bey, and their last descendant died in 1530. Aleaddin also built a mosque complex in Bursa. He didn't lived a long life, sources don't agree, but most probably he died around 1330.
Osman's other children are less knowns. We don't know anything for example about Savci Bey, just that his son married one of the daughters of OrhanÂ
I. Melik Bey is also not known, we only know that he had a daughter.Â
Ăoban Bey was surely Osman's son, because he built a mosque in Bursa, and by his complex it is known who he was.Â
Osman's other son was Pazarli Bey, who was the commander of his brother Orhan I for years, so maybe he was the closest to Orhan? Pazarli Bey also had a daughter, and two sons.Â
Osman also had another son, Hamid Bey, but we have zero information about him.
Osman had most probably more than one daughter, but we only have evidence for the existence of one. Fatma was named in the foundation deed of later Orhan I, so we know that se existed, but nothing else.
It seems like we know a lot about Osman, isnt it? But actually, even his name is the subject of some controversy!
A Greek historian gave us the description of the Sakarya flood and is the one contemporary writer to mention Osman âs name, did not call him Osman at all but rather Ataman. The surprising notion that Osman had another name finds support in two later sources. Ataman is a Turkish name or maybe Mongol, while Osman is impeccably Muslim. This has led to some suspicion that Osman, or Ataman, the Ottoman, might have been born a pagan, that he may have taken his new name Osman later when he became a Muslim. But if this were true, if Osman were indeed a convert to Islam who changed his name, why would his sons have kept their genuinely Turkish names, who were Muslims beyond any doubt? From what the greek historian wrote, about the only thing we can surmise of the Turk he called Ataman is that he was a warrior.
Osman's death and legacy
The date of Osman's death too is uncertain. He probably died by 1324, the date of a trust deed registered by his son Orhan. The Moroccan world traveler Ibn Battuta, who visited the area in 1331 - 32, wrote that Osman was buried in the mosque of Bursa, probably the former Church of Saint Elias. This church is no longer standing, due to an earthquake two hundred years ago. Osman's remains now lie next to those of Orhan, father and son in suitable twin mausoleums erected in 1863.
All in all it was Osman who was the founder of the Ottoman Empire, and who was to give his name to the Ottoman â or Osmanlı â dynasty.
Used sorces: Colin Imber - The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650; Peirce -  The imperial harem; Faroqhi - The Ottoman Empire and the World; Fleet - The Cambridge History of Turkey, 1071-1453; Howard - A History of the Ottoman Empire; Ăztuna - Devletler ve Hanedanlar Cilt 2; Uluçay - PadiĆahların Kadınları ve Kızları
FelhasznĂĄlt forrĂĄsok: Colin Imber - The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650; Peirce -  The imperial harem; Faroqhi - The Ottoman Empire and the World; Fleet - The Cambridge History of Turkey, 1071-1453; Howard - A History of the Ottoman Empire; Ăztuna - Devletler ve Hanedanlar Cilt 2; Uluçay - PadiĆahların Kadınları ve Kızları
Poetry Translation Projects from Arabic, Kurdish Win 2022 NEA Fellowships
Poetry Translation Projects from Arabic, Kurdish Win 2022 NEAÂ Fellowships
Translators working from Arabic and Kurdish were among the two dozen working on a wide range of literary projects selected for 2022 National Endowment for the Arts (US) Literary Translation Fellowships.
Melanie Magidow, in collaboration with translator-poet Mbarek Sryfi, has won one of the fellowships to support the translation of Arabic malhun poetry by six Moroccan poets whose works range fromâŠ
www.breakingnews.com.tr Malhun Hatunâu oynayacak; âDiriliĆ Osmanâ dizisinde Burak Ăzçivitâin partneri Aslıhan Karalar oldu. Oyuncu, Ćeyh Edebaliânin kızı Malhun Hatunâu canlandıracak. #AslıhanKaralar, yakında ekrana gelecek â#DiriliĆOsmanâ dizisinde Burak Ăzçivitâin partneri oldu. #Oyuncu projede, #Osmanlı İmparatorluÄuânun kuruluĆ yıllarında yaĆamıà bir İslam ilahiyatçısı Ćeyh Edebaliânin kızı #Malhun Hatunâa hayat verecek. Karalar, rolĂŒ için tarih dersleri almaya baĆladı. Oyuncu, Rivaâda gerçekleĆen provalarda at binme, kılıç kullanma ve ok atma eÄitimleri de görĂŒyor. Yapım için ayrıca tĂŒm kadın oyuncuların, yemek piĆirme dersi de aldıÄı öÄrenildi. #Oyuncular haftanın dört gĂŒnĂŒ çiftliÄe giderek, çekimler baĆlayana kadar çalıĆmaya devam edecek. Malhun Hatun kimdir? DoÄum tarihi tam bilinmemekleberaber, Osmanlı İmparatorluÄuânun kurucusu Osman Gaziânin 1280 yılında evlendiÄi ilk eĆi ve ikinci padiĆah Orhan Gaziânin annesidir. Ayrıca, İslam ilahiyatçısı ve din bilgini Ćeyh Edebaliânin kızıdır. #diriliĆosman #dirilis #orhangazi #osmangazi #malhanhatun #burakozcivit #buraközçivit #riva https://www.instagram.com/p/B2I6Ul-FAtH/?igshid=17p64jcjpmcm5
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