What is the significance of blood glucose test at different times?
Blood glucose refers to the glucose in the blood, which is an important source of human energy. The normal human body needs a lot of glucose every day to provide energy and power for the normal operation of various tissues and organs. However, for diabetic patients, due to the relative decrease in insulin secretion, or absolute deficiency, the utilization of glucose is low, and the blood glucose level is high for a long time. The monitoring of blood glucose level is the most direct and sensitive indicator that directly reflects the impaired insulin function in diabetic patients and the treatment effect. Blood glucose monitoring at different periods has different meanings.
Fasting blood glucose is the basic blood glucose value of the human body. The blood glucose at this time is not affected by eating. It is also because people are generally resting at night to exclude the influence of physical activity, emotional changes and other factors. Therefore, the blood glucose values measured at this time are compared Stable and strong specificity. The main factor that affects fasting blood glucose is the decomposition of liver glycogen stored in the liver, rather than the secretory function and reserve function of insulin. Strictly speaking, fasting blood glucose refers to the blood glucose measured before breakfast the next day after 8-12 hours of overnight fasting (usually no more than 8 o’clock in the breakfast). Fasting blood glucose can reflect whether the evening medication can control blood glucose until the next morning. Disturbed by the dawn phenomenon and Su Mujie's reaction. Fasting blood glucose is also one of the indicators for diagnosing diabetes.
Postprandial blood glucose generally refers to blood glucose 2 hours after a meal, which is the blood glucose measured 2 hours after eating the first mouthful of meal, and eating plays an important role in it. For healthy people with well-functioning pancreatic islets, although blood glucose rises after eating, due to good pancreatic islet function, blood glucose can quickly fall within the normal range. For diabetic patients, although they eat the same amount as healthy people, due to impaired pancreatic islet function and insufficient insulin secretion, blood glucose is difficult to fall back to the normal range, and postprandial hyperglycemia occurs. Compared with fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose is more sensitive, and it is easier to detect diabetes by detecting postprandial blood glucose.
Pre-meal blood glucose refers to the blood glucose before lunch and dinner, reflecting the persistence of the secretory function of pancreatic β-cells. Those who are at risk of hypoglycemia should be monitored. The difference between normal blood glucose 2 hours after breakfast and blood glucose before lunch should be> 1.0. A large difference indicates that the residual function of the islets is better. A small difference indicates that the residual function of the islets is poor or the drug is insufficient.
Blood glucose before going to bed reflects the ability of pancreatic β cells to control hyperglycemia after eating dinner. Monitoring blood glucose before going to bed mainly refers to the rational use of drugs at night (including insulin injections) and whether additional meals are needed to avoid the occurrence of evening hypoglycemia.
Early morning blood glucose refers to the blood glucose level monitored at 3:00 in the morning. Monitoring early morning blood glucose helps to distinguish whether the cause of fasting hyperglycemia is the dawn phenomenon [1] or the Su Mujie reaction [2]. The clinical treatment of these two conditions is completely different. In general, when the dawn phenomenon occurs, it is necessary to consider increasing the dose of the drug before going to bed, and when the Su Mujie reaction occurs, it is necessary to consider appropriately reducing the dose of the drug before going to bed and making appropriate adjustments to the meal before going to bed. [1] "Dawn phenomenon" refers to the diabetic patients whose blood glucose control is still and stable at night, that is, when there is no hypoglycemia, it is caused by the unbalanced secretion of various hormones at dawn (3-9 o'clock in the morning). A state of early morning high blood glucose . This phenomenon was first proposed by foreign scholar Schmidt in 1981. [2] "Su Mujie reaction" refers to the phenomenon of morning hyperglycemia after midnight hypoglycemia, which is more common in patients with type 1 diabetes. The main reason for this is that hypoglycemia is induced by excessive insulin, and the body's own negative feedback regulation promotes the significant increase in the secretion of glucagon, growth hormone, adrenocortical hormone and epinephrine in the body, so it will appear after each hypoglycemia Increased high blood glucose and urine glucose .
Fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose Whether it is high fasting blood glucose or high postprandial blood glucose , it has a great impact on the human body, but fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose reflect different stages of diabetes. The sensitive indicator of early diabetes is postprandial blood glucose. Taking stairs as an example, fasting blood glucose is equivalent to resting, and blood glucose after a meal is equivalent to climbing stairs. When our physique has just begun to deteriorate, it will not be obvious when we are resting, but we will feel very tired when we climb the stairs. When our physique deteriorates further, even if we do not climb the stairs and just rest, we will feel very hard. The same is true for diabetes. Early insulin secretion is slow, mainly manifested as postprandial blood glucose increase, but fasting blood glucose increase is not obvious; when pancreatic islet function further declines, insulin secretion is significantly reduced, and fasting blood glucose increase will gradually manifest. In other words, in people with normal fasting blood glucose , blood glucose may have risen after a meal. If you only measure fasting blood glucose without measuring postprandial blood glucose, some diabetic patients will be missed. According to statistics, nearly half of the newly diagnosed diabetic patients in my country only manifested as postprandial blood glucose increase. When the fasting blood glucose rises, it proves that the patient's islet function has been damaged to a certain extent, and the condition is more serious.
Blood Glucose Meter BGM-101 health & household | LYSUN
