#lesson 41

love how everyone’s having a touchy feels moment and then dia’s just like “damn this is so emotional….anyways it’s party time ‼️‼️”

Lesson 41 Spoilers

VOCABULARY

Whenever:　Itsudemo:　いつだも：　何時でも

While:　Aida:　あいだ：　間

Or:　Ka:　か Or:　Matawa:　または Or:　Soretomo:　それとも

When:　Itsu:　いつ：　何時 When:　toki (ni):　とき　(に)：　時 (に)

That:　Sore:　それ (that over there) That:　Are:　あれ (that over there) NOTE: Japanese doesn't HAVE an actual conjunction version of "that". We'll be using "Dato" if anything.

If that's the case:　Dato:　だと

GRAMMAR

Japanese compound sentences are interesting, and there's two ways to go about most of them.

The first way is to try and keep them two separate sentences as best as possible and put in something to function as a conjunction. These are quite a bit different than the last lesson though... these words don't actually function as conjugations per-se. They're not connecting two FULL sentences together after all... which leads us to the second way to put these sentences together

And the second way I find much more fun and interesting. You wrench open your first sentence and shove your second sentence in the middle of that first sentence and tell the world to deal with it.

No really that's what you do.

EG: When I cook he eats. Watashi ga ryouri suru toki, kare wa tabemasu. OR Kare wa watashi ga ryouri suru toki, tabemasu.

The first sentence reads like the English one. The second one reads "He, when I cook, eats"

This act of putting sentence fragments in other sentences thing works for the majority of these "When/While/That" sentences but should NOT be employed when putting together two FULL sentences with "but" "and" or "because"

I wouldn't really call these compound sentences at all... these are more 1.5 sentences.

Anyway. When going the route of sticking sentences in other sentences the subject of your first sentence generally always gets the "wa" particle. And the subject of your second sentence gets the particle "ga"

EG: I drink when I want. 1) I drink (when) 2) I want 1) Watashi wa nomu. (toki) 2) watashi ga nomitai

Now put "toki" at the end of sentence 2

1) Watashi wa nomu 2) watashi ga nomitai

Now wrench open sentence 1 just after the particle "wa" and shove sentence two in.

Watashi wa watashi ga nomitai toki nomu. Translation: I, when I want, drink.

The good news is, if you just can't quite get the hang of that most of these sentences can be set up both ways and be grammatically correct. So I'll try to give you guys both possible translations of each sentence. Don't worry if it doesn't click. These are still really hard for me too!

SENTENCES

Yes or no?

Note: oh I almost forgot. "or" questions can be pretty interesting. So for these we can use the particle "ka" which in this sense, inbetween two options, can mean "or". ... or I suppose you can even still think of it as a question mark. EG: Yes? No? (hai ka iie ka?). I actually learned this method from Hellsing when Integra answers the phone and asks Alucard "Teki ka mikata ka?" ([are you] enemy or ally?)

Yes or no? Hai ka iie ka. はい　か　いいえ　か。

I drink when I want. Watashi wa watashi ga nomitai toki nomimasu. わたし　は　わたし　が　のみたい　とき　のみます。 私は私が飲みたい時飲みます。

I drink when I want. Watashi ga nomitai toki, watashi wa nomimasu. わたし　が　のみたい　とき、　わたし　は　のみます。 私が飲みたい時、私は飲みます。 (lit: When I want to drink, I drink.)

You'll notice in this instance the 2nd sentence now comes first... so we have "watashi GA nomitai" and then "Watashi WA nomimasu".

Tea or coffee? Koucha desu ka soretomo ko-hi- desu ka? こうちゃ　です　か　それとも　コーヒー　です　か。 紅茶ですか、　それともコーヒーですか？

(you can also use "ocha" 「お茶」 instead of "koucha" 「紅茶」but they use "koucha")

Tea or coffee? Ocha ka, ko-hi- ka? おちゃ　か、　コーヒー　か。 お茶か、こーひーか。

It took me a long time to remember "soretomo" so I'd generally just use the above sentence.

He eats chicken or fish. Kare wa niwatori niku ka sakana o tabemasu. かれ　は　にわとり　にく　か　さかな　を　たべます。 彼は鶏肉か魚を食べます。

He eats chicken or fish. Kare wa niwatori niku mataha sakana o tabemasu. かれ　は　にわとり　にく　または　さかな　を　たべます。 彼は鶏肉または魚を食べます。

You know that I love dogs. Anata wa watashi ga inu ga daisuki to shitteimasu. あなた　は　わたし　が　いぬ　が　だいすき　と　しっています。 あなたは私が犬が大好きと知っています。 (Lit: You know I love dogs)

NOTE: You'll notice we're using "to" like we do with direct quotes in this instance. They use the word "that" in the duolingo example... but it's neither used nor needed. There is no Japanese conjugation form of the word "that".

You know that I love dogs. Watashi wa inu ga daisuki dato, anata wa shitteimasu. わたし　は　いぬ　が　だいすき　だと　あなた　は　しっています 私は犬が大好きだと、あなたは知っています。

When I cook he eats. Kare wa watashi ga ryouri suru toki, tabemasu. かれ　は　わたし　が　りょうり　する　とき、　たべます。 彼は私が料理する時、食べます。

When I cook he eats. Watashi ga ryouri suru toki, kare ha tabemasu. わたし　が　りょうり　する　とき、　かれ　は　たべます。 私が料理するとき、彼は食べます。

When I write you write. Watashi ga kaku toki, anata ha kakimasu. わたし　が　かく　とき、　あなた　は　かきます。 私が書く時、あなたは書きます。

When I write you write. Anata wa watashi ga kaku toki, kakimasu. あなた　は　わたし　が　かく　とき、　かきます。 あなたは私が書く時、書きます。

They read when we read. watashitachi ga yomu toki, kare wa yomimasu. わたしたち　が　よむ　とき、　かれ　は　よみます。 私たちが読む時、彼は読みます。

I read a book while I eat. Watashi wa watashi ga taberu aida hon o yomimasu. わたし　は　わたし　が　たべる　あいだ　ほん　を　よみます。 私は私が食べる間本を読みます。

I tell her that I eat fish. Watashi wa kanojo ni watashi ga sakana o taberu to iimasu. わたし　は　かのじょ　に　わたし　が　さかな　を　たべる　と　いいます。 私は彼女に私が魚を食べると言います。

.......... sorry to leave you all with that mouthful.

So as usual, and definitely on this lesson, If you have anything to add, or if I made any mistakes, or... anything really. Please comment and let me know. :)

The next several lessons are more vocabulary and less grammar! So things will be easier for a while.