Many people have heard of Dmitri Belyaevās domestication experiments with foxes. What most donāt know is that he simultaneously breed a strain of foxes for aggression. Or that he also did the same experiments with two separate strains of rats.
All the rats were descended from wild-caught vermin in Siberia; theyāre standard-issue brown rats, the same kind that infest most cities. But he split them into two strains: one in which only 30 percent of each generation were allowed to breed. For one line, the ātameā one, he selected the friendliest 30 percent. For the other, he selected the most aggressive, vicious rats.
After 73 generations of rats bred for viciousness, this is the result. National Geographic photographer Vincent J. only had to take these crittersā picture to cause this enraged, screeching response.
In 2003, geneticist Svante PƤƤbo visited Novosibirsk and the experiment. He was stunned by the vast changes in the animalsā behaviour and how quickly these had been induced.
The rats bred for tameness were incredibly easy to handle, while the aggressive ones were so prone to scream and bite that PƤƤbo said: āI got the feeling that 10 or 20 of them would probably kill me if they got out of the cages.ā
Frank Albert, a graduate student at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, is working with both the tame and the hyperaggressive Siberian strains in the hope of understanding the genetic basis of their behavioral differences.
āThe ferocious rats cannot be handled,ā Mr. Albert said. āThey will not tolerate it. They go totally crazy if you try to pick them up.ā
When the aggressive rats have to be moved, Mr. Albert places two cages side by side with the doors open and lets the rats change cages by themselves. He is taking care that they do not escape to the sewers of Leipzig, he said.
Amazingly, itās all genetic. Their genomes are now being analyzed and compared to those of the friendly rats to get clues to the differences.