The pollutants are the harmful substances that are most dangerous and found in water. Some of them are non-biodegradable and cannot convert into harmless substances show high level of toxicity at low concentrations in the bodies of living organisms. Water contamination also adding pollutants and heavy toxic metals such as lead, mercury and chromium to natural water resources and overall lethal effects to the living organism living in ecosystem. There are many methods used for removal of toxic metal from drinking and wastewater such as adsorption, precipitation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, electrochemical treatments, membrane filtration, evaporation, flotation, and oxidation and biosorption processes. Adsorption is most reliable among all methods because economically positive testing and technically simplest to separate chemicals found in water. Many adsorbents and advancements in membrane filtration systems have been designed for the treatment of contaminated metal found in drinking and wastewater. This article focuses on modification in sorbents for improving their efficiency and new developments in conventional methods of extraction of heavy metals from water. This article also focuses on the recent developments and modern applications in methods for of treatments and removal of heavy metals from drinking and industrial wastewater.
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